Guillotine (English Wikipedia)

"Crime Library". National Museum of Crime & Punishment. Archived from the original on 1 February 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009. [I]n 1792, Nicholas-Jacques Pelletier became the first person to be put to death with a guillotine.

doi.org

Janes, Regina (1991). "Beheadings". Representations (35): 21–51. doi:10.2307/2928715. JSTOR 2928715.

free.fr

ktakafka.free.fr

guillotine du XIVeme arrondissement Archived 8 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Ktakafka.free.fr. Retrieved on 2013-04-25.

ga.gov

legis.ga.gov

"Georgia House of Representatives – 1995/1996 Sessions HB 1274 – Death penalty; guillotine provisions". The General Assembly of Georgia. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 3 October 2013.

grandcolombier.com

"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

guillotine.dk

Fabricius, Jørn. "History of the guillotine". guillotine.dk. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
History of the guillotine Archived 6 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine, The Guillotine Headquarters 2014.
"Can the head survive?". guillotine.dk. Archived from the original on 25 January 2010. Retrieved 17 October 2020.

hemmetsjournal.se

Rystad, Johan G. (1 April 2015). "Änglamakerskan i Helsingborg dränkte åtta fosterbarn" [The angel maker in Helsingborg drowned eight foster care children]. Hemmets Journal (in Swedish). Egmont Group. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2015.

histoirepassion.eu

Edmond-Jean Guérin, "1738–1814 – Joseph-Ignace Guillotin : biographie historique d'une figure saintaise" Archived 20 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Histoire P@ssion website, accessed 2009-06-27, citing M. Georges de Labruyère in le Matin, 22 Aug. 1907

history.com

Andrews, Evan (15 September 2014). "8 Things You May Not Know About the Guillotine". HISTORY. According to Nazi records, the guillotine was eventually used to execute some 16,500 people between 1933 and 1945, many of them resistance fighters and political dissidents.

independent.co.uk

Buncomber, Andrew (3 December 1999). "Guillotine used for suicide". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2 January 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2016.

jstor.org

Janes, Regina (1991). "Beheadings". Representations (35): 21–51. doi:10.2307/2928715. JSTOR 2928715.

languefrancaise.net

abbaye de monte-à-regret : définition avec Bob, dictionnaire d'argot, l'autre trésor de la langue Archived 14 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Languefrancaise.net. Retrieved on 2013-04-25.

legifrance.gouv.fr

(in French) Loi n°81-908 du 9 octobre 1981 portant abolition de la peine de mort Archived 31 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Legifrance.gouv.fr. Retrieved on 2013-04-25.

medarus.org

Joseph-Ignace GUILLOTIN (1738–1814) Archived 15 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Medarus.org. Retrieved on 2013-04-25.

nms.ac.uk

"The Maiden". Nms.ac.uk. National Museums Scotland. Retrieved 2 August 2019.

nytimes.com

Wren, Christopher S. (27 July 1986). "A Bit of France off the Coast of Canada". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.

popularhistoria.se

Bolmstedt, Åsa (21 December 2006). "Änglamakerskan" [The angel maker]. Populär Historia (in Swedish). LRF Media. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 1 December 2015.

rarehistoricalphotos.com

"The Last Public Execution by Guillotine, 1939". Rare Historical Photos. 1 April 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2024.

slate.com

Kruzel, John (1 November 2013). "Bring Back the Guillotine". Slate. Retrieved 30 January 2020.

snopes.com

"Origins of the Guillotine". Snopes.com. 4 September 2011. Retrieved 5 June 2020.

stefan-droessler.com

""Grausam, unmenschlich und erniedrigend" – Celler Häftlinge gegen Hinrichtungen in USA" (PDF). Cellesche Zeitung (in German). Celle, Germany. 10 October 2007. p. 15. Retrieved 28 July 2024.

thenewsherald.com

Sulivan, Anne (16 September 2007). "Man kills himself with guillotine". The News Herald. Tennessee. Archived from the original on 19 August 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2016.

usatoday.com

content.usatoday.com

Staglin, Douglas. "Russian engineer commits suicide with homemade guillotine". USA Today. Retrieved 11 September 2016.

web.archive.org

(in French) Loi n°81-908 du 9 octobre 1981 portant abolition de la peine de mort Archived 31 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Legifrance.gouv.fr. Retrieved on 2013-04-25.
History of the guillotine Archived 6 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine, The Guillotine Headquarters 2014.
Edmond-Jean Guérin, "1738–1814 – Joseph-Ignace Guillotin : biographie historique d'une figure saintaise" Archived 20 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Histoire P@ssion website, accessed 2009-06-27, citing M. Georges de Labruyère in le Matin, 22 Aug. 1907
"Crime Library". National Museum of Crime & Punishment. Archived from the original on 1 February 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009. [I]n 1792, Nicholas-Jacques Pelletier became the first person to be put to death with a guillotine.
Pre-1981 penal code, article 12: "Any person sentenced to death shall be beheaded."
Pre-1981 penal code, article 13: "By exception to article 12, when the death penalty is handed for crimes against the safety of the State, execution shall take place by firing squad.".
Bolmstedt, Åsa (21 December 2006). "Änglamakerskan" [The angel maker]. Populär Historia (in Swedish). LRF Media. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 1 December 2015.
Rystad, Johan G. (1 April 2015). "Änglamakerskan i Helsingborg dränkte åtta fosterbarn" [The angel maker in Helsingborg drowned eight foster care children]. Hemmets Journal (in Swedish). Egmont Group. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2015.
"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Wren, Christopher S. (27 July 1986). "A Bit of France off the Coast of Canada". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.
"Georgia House of Representatives – 1995/1996 Sessions HB 1274 – Death penalty; guillotine provisions". The General Assembly of Georgia. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
"Guillotine death was suicide". BBC News. 24 April 2003. Archived from the original on 27 September 2008. Retrieved 26 September 2008.
Sulivan, Anne (16 September 2007). "Man kills himself with guillotine". The News Herald. Tennessee. Archived from the original on 19 August 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
Buncomber, Andrew (3 December 1999). "Guillotine used for suicide". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2 January 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
"Can the head survive?". guillotine.dk. Archived from the original on 25 January 2010. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
abbaye de monte-à-regret : définition avec Bob, dictionnaire d'argot, l'autre trésor de la langue Archived 14 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Languefrancaise.net. Retrieved on 2013-04-25.
Joseph-Ignace GUILLOTIN (1738–1814) Archived 15 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Medarus.org. Retrieved on 2013-04-25.
guillotine du XIVeme arrondissement Archived 8 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Ktakafka.free.fr. Retrieved on 2013-04-25.
Guillotine Archived 4 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Whonamedit. Retrieved on 2013-04-25.

whonamedit.com

Guillotine Archived 4 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Whonamedit. Retrieved on 2013-04-25.

wikiwix.com

archive.wikiwix.com

Memoirs of the Sansons, from private notes and documents, 1688–1847 / edited by Henry Sanson. pp 260–261. "Memoirs of the Sansons, from private notes and documents, 1688–1847 / Edited by Henry Sanson". 1876. Archived from the original on 11 May 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2014. accessed 28 April 2016