Gull (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Gull" in English language version.

Last modified: 21:42:00, 23 August 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank English rank

2821doi.org

2^nd place

1913adsabs.harvard.edu

14^th place

9^th place

1713nih.gov

5^th place

1615web.archive.org

1^st place

141archive.org

6^th place

86semanticscholar.org

15^th place

8^th place

85worldcat.org

4^th place

32hdl.handle.net

66^th place

34^th place

22bbc.co.uk

11^th place

10^th place

22unm.edu

1,919^th place

1,213^th place

22jstor.org

23^rd place

15^th place

22worldbirdnames.org

452^nd place

844^th place

22rspb.org.uk

low place

7,602^nd place

21int-res.com

9,782^nd place

7,530^th place

21avilist.org

low place

8,401^st place

11thefreedictionary.com

1,251^st place

1,161^st place

11merriam-webster.com

425^th place

373^rd place

11senescence.info

low place

11bbc.com

26^th place

23^rd place

11discovermagazine.com

3,982^nd place

2,975^th place

11abc.net.au

120^th place

70^th place

11howstuffworks.com

1,354^th place

958^th place

11cbc.ca

110^th place

65^th place

11springer.com

182^nd place

172^nd place

11livescience.com

1,726^th place

1,417^th place

11biodiversitylibrary.org

168^th place

136^th place

11bto.org

low place

abc.net.au (Global: 120^th place; English: 70^th place)

Dervisevic, Hanan (12 January 2025). "Seagulls are a symbol of Australian summers. Here's what you may not know about them". ABC News (Australia).

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Pons JM, Hassanin A, Crochet PA (December 2005). "Phylogenetic relationships within the Laridae (Charadriiformes: Aves) inferred from mitochondrial markers". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 37 (3): 686–99. Bibcode:2005MolPE..37..686P. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.05.011. PMID 16054399.
Ramírez F, Gutiérrez-Expósito C, Afán I, Giménez J, de Stephanis R, Forero MG (7 May 2015). "Human influence on gull non-breeding distribution: potential consequences of changes in fishing practices". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 527: 221–232. Bibcode:2015MEPS..527..221R. doi:10.3354/meps11282. hdl:10261/122438. ISSN 0171-8630. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
Ramírez F, Rodríguez C, Seoane J, Figuerola J, Bustamante J (13 February 2018). Yue BS (ed.). "How will climate change affect endangered Mediterranean waterbirds?". PLOS ONE. 13 (2) e0192702. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1392702R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0192702. PMC 5811028. PMID 29438428.
Buckley PA (September 1966). "Foot-paddling in four American gulls, with comments on its possible function and stimulation". Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie. 23 (4): 395–402. Bibcode:1966Ethol..23..395B. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1966.tb01603.x. PMID 5992179. S2CID 9504887.
Ridoux V (1987). "Feeding association between seabirds and killer whales, Orcinus orca, around subantarctic Crozet Islands". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 65 (8): 2113–2115. Bibcode:1987CaJZ...65.2113R. doi:10.1139/z87-324.
Calado, Joana G.; Paiva, Vítor H.; Ramos, Jaime A.; Velando, Alberto; Munilla, Ignacio (5 February 2020). "Anthropogenic food resources, sardine decline and environmental conditions have triggered a dietary shift of an opportunistic seabird over the last 30 years on the northwest coast of Spain". Regional Environmental Change. 20 (1): 10. Bibcode:2020REnvC..20...10C. doi:10.1007/s10113-020-01609-6. ISSN 1436-378X. S2CID 211028229.
Alonso, Hany; Almeida, Ana; Granadeiro, José Pedro; Catry, Paulo (December 2015). "Temporal and age-related dietary variations in a large population of yellow-legged gulls Larus michahellis: implications for management and conservation". European Journal of Wildlife Research. 61 (6): 819–829. Bibcode:2015EJWR...61..819A. doi:10.1007/s10344-015-0958-9. ISSN 1612-4642. S2CID 15258313. Archived from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
Robert, Henry C.; Ralph, C. John (1975). "Effects of Human Disturbance on the Breeding Success of Gulls". The Condor. 77 (4): 495. Bibcode:1975Condo..77..495R. doi:10.2307/1366103. ISSN 0010-5422. JSTOR 1366103.
Paton TA, Baker AJ, Groth JG, Barrowclough GF (November 2003). "RAG-1 sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships within Charadriiform birds". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 29 (2): 268–78. Bibcode:2003MolPE..29..268P. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00098-8. PMID 13678682.
Thomas GH, Wills MA, Székely T (August 2004). "A supertree approach to shorebird phylogeny". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 4 (1) 28. Bibcode:2004BMCEB...4...28T. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-4-28. PMC 515296. PMID 15329156.
Paton TA, Baker AJ (June 2006). "Sequences from 14 mitochondrial genes provide a well-supported phylogeny of the Charadriiform birds congruent with the nuclear RAG-1 tree". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 39 (3): 657–67. Bibcode:2006MolPE..39..657P. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.01.011. PMID 16531074.
Černý, David; Natale, Rossy (2022). "Comprehensive taxon sampling and vetted fossils help clarify the time tree of shorebirds (Aves, Charadriiformes)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 177 107620. Bibcode:2022MolPE.17707620C. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107620. PMID 36038056.
De Pietri VL (2011). "A revision of the Lari (Aves, Charadriiformes) from the early Miocene of Saint-Gérand-le-Puy (Allier, France)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (4): 812–828. Bibcode:2011JVPal..31..812D. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.586663. S2CID 84758271.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Burger A, Gochfeld M (1996). "Family Laridae (Gulls)". In del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 3, Hoatzin to Auks. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 572–599. ISBN 978-84-87334-20-7.

avilist.org (Global: low place; English: 8,401^st place)

AviList Core Team (2025). "AviList: The Global Avian Checklist, v2025". doi:10.2173/avilist.v2025. Retrieved 7 March 2026.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

"Seagull becomes crisp shoplifter". BBC News. 20 July 2007. Archived from the original on 15 February 2009. Retrieved 24 July 2009.
"Gulls' vicious attacks on whales". BBC News. 21 June 2009. Archived from the original on 26 June 2009.

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

King, Anthony (16 June 2021). "Why seagulls are making their homes in our cities". BBC Online.

biodiversitylibrary.org (Global: 168^th place; English: 136^th place)

Rafinesque CS (1815). Analyse de la nature ou, Tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés (in French). Vol. 1815. Palermo: Self-published. p. 72. Archived from the original on 13 May 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2018.

bto.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Mediterranean Gull". BTO. Retrieved 7 March 2026.

cbc.ca (Global: 110^th place; English: 65^th place)

"Dancing for their dinner". CBC Docs. Retrieved 28 January 2025.

discovermagazine.com (Global: 3,982^nd place; English: 2,975^th place)

Nemo, Leslie (28 September 2021). "Why It Feels Like Seagulls Are Everywhere but the Sea". Discover (magazine).

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Pons JM, Hassanin A, Crochet PA (December 2005). "Phylogenetic relationships within the Laridae (Charadriiformes: Aves) inferred from mitochondrial markers". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 37 (3): 686–99. Bibcode:2005MolPE..37..686P. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.05.011. PMID 16054399.
Henry PY, Aznar JC (June 2006). "Tool-use in Charadrii: Active Bait-Fishing by a Herring Gull". Waterbirds. 29 (2): 233–234. doi:10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[233:TICABB]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 85738152.
Ramírez F, Gutiérrez-Expósito C, Afán I, Giménez J, de Stephanis R, Forero MG (7 May 2015). "Human influence on gull non-breeding distribution: potential consequences of changes in fishing practices". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 527: 221–232. Bibcode:2015MEPS..527..221R. doi:10.3354/meps11282. hdl:10261/122438. ISSN 0171-8630. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
Ramírez F, Rodríguez C, Seoane J, Figuerola J, Bustamante J (13 February 2018). Yue BS (ed.). "How will climate change affect endangered Mediterranean waterbirds?". PLOS ONE. 13 (2) e0192702. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1392702R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0192702. PMC 5811028. PMID 29438428.
Buckley PA (September 1966). "Foot-paddling in four American gulls, with comments on its possible function and stimulation". Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie. 23 (4): 395–402. Bibcode:1966Ethol..23..395B. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1966.tb01603.x. PMID 5992179. S2CID 9504887.
Ingolfsson A, Estrella BT (1978). "The development of shell-cracking behaviour in herring gulls" (PDF). The Auk. 95 (3): 577–579. doi:10.1093/auk/95.3.577. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 November 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
Harrison C (1979). "The Association of Marine Birds and Feeding Gray Whales" (PDF). Condor. 81 (1): 93–95. doi:10.2307/1367866. JSTOR 1367866. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
Ridoux V (1987). "Feeding association between seabirds and killer whales, Orcinus orca, around subantarctic Crozet Islands". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 65 (8): 2113–2115. Bibcode:1987CaJZ...65.2113R. doi:10.1139/z87-324.
Calado, Joana G.; Paiva, Vítor H.; Ramos, Jaime A.; Velando, Alberto; Munilla, Ignacio (5 February 2020). "Anthropogenic food resources, sardine decline and environmental conditions have triggered a dietary shift of an opportunistic seabird over the last 30 years on the northwest coast of Spain". Regional Environmental Change. 20 (1): 10. Bibcode:2020REnvC..20...10C. doi:10.1007/s10113-020-01609-6. ISSN 1436-378X. S2CID 211028229.
Alonso, Hany; Almeida, Ana; Granadeiro, José Pedro; Catry, Paulo (December 2015). "Temporal and age-related dietary variations in a large population of yellow-legged gulls Larus michahellis: implications for management and conservation". European Journal of Wildlife Research. 61 (6): 819–829. Bibcode:2015EJWR...61..819A. doi:10.1007/s10344-015-0958-9. ISSN 1612-4642. S2CID 15258313. Archived from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
Robert, Henry C.; Ralph, C. John (1975). "Effects of Human Disturbance on the Breeding Success of Gulls". The Condor. 77 (4): 495. Bibcode:1975Condo..77..495R. doi:10.2307/1366103. ISSN 0010-5422. JSTOR 1366103.
Gallo-Reynoso (2010). "Feral cats steal milk from northern Elephant Seals". Therya. 1 (3): 207–211. doi:10.12933/therya-10-14.
Riedman ML (1982). "The Evolution of Alloparental Care in Mammals and Birds". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 57 (4): 405–435. doi:10.1086/412936. S2CID 85378202.
Liebers D, de Knijff P, Helbig AJ (May 2004). "The herring gull complex is not a ring species". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 271 (1542): 893–901. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2679. PMC 1691675. PMID 15255043.
Paton TA, Baker AJ, Groth JG, Barrowclough GF (November 2003). "RAG-1 sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships within Charadriiform birds". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 29 (2): 268–78. Bibcode:2003MolPE..29..268P. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00098-8. PMID 13678682.
Thomas GH, Wills MA, Székely T (August 2004). "A supertree approach to shorebird phylogeny". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 4 (1) 28. Bibcode:2004BMCEB...4...28T. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-4-28. PMC 515296. PMID 15329156.
Paton TA, Baker AJ (June 2006). "Sequences from 14 mitochondrial genes provide a well-supported phylogeny of the Charadriiform birds congruent with the nuclear RAG-1 tree". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 39 (3): 657–67. Bibcode:2006MolPE..39..657P. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.01.011. PMID 16531074.
Baker, Allan J.; Pereira, Sérgio L.; Paton, Tara A. (2007). "Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of Charadriiformes genera: multigene evidence for the Cretaceous origin of at least 14 clades of shorebirds". Biology Letters. 3 (2): 205–209. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0606. PMC 2375939. PMID 17284401.
Černý, David; Natale, Rossy (2022). "Comprehensive taxon sampling and vetted fossils help clarify the time tree of shorebirds (Aves, Charadriiformes)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 177 107620. Bibcode:2022MolPE.17707620C. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107620. PMID 36038056.
AviList Core Team (2025). "AviList: The Global Avian Checklist, v2025". doi:10.2173/avilist.v2025. Retrieved 7 March 2026.
De Pietri VL (2011). "A revision of the Lari (Aves, Charadriiformes) from the early Miocene of Saint-Gérand-le-Puy (Allier, France)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (4): 812–828. Bibcode:2011JVPal..31..812D. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.586663. S2CID 84758271.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Ramírez F, Gutiérrez-Expósito C, Afán I, Giménez J, de Stephanis R, Forero MG (7 May 2015). "Human influence on gull non-breeding distribution: potential consequences of changes in fishing practices". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 527: 221–232. Bibcode:2015MEPS..527..221R. doi:10.3354/meps11282. hdl:10261/122438. ISSN 0171-8630. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
Bock WJ (1994). History and Nomenclature of Avian Family-Group Names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Vol. 222. New York: American Museum of Natural History. pp. 138, 252. hdl:2246/830.

howstuffworks.com (Global: 1,354^th place; English: 958^th place)

blogs.howstuffworks.com

Dowdey, Sarah (9 July 2009). "How do seagulls drink saltwater?". HowStuffWorks. Archived from the original on 27 March 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2013.

int-res.com (Global: 9,782^nd place; English: 7,530^th place)

Ramírez F, Gutiérrez-Expósito C, Afán I, Giménez J, de Stephanis R, Forero MG (7 May 2015). "Human influence on gull non-breeding distribution: potential consequences of changes in fishing practices". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 527: 221–232. Bibcode:2015MEPS..527..221R. doi:10.3354/meps11282. hdl:10261/122438. ISSN 0171-8630. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Harrison C (1979). "The Association of Marine Birds and Feeding Gray Whales" (PDF). Condor. 81 (1): 93–95. doi:10.2307/1367866. JSTOR 1367866. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
Robert, Henry C.; Ralph, C. John (1975). "Effects of Human Disturbance on the Breeding Success of Gulls". The Condor. 77 (4): 495. Bibcode:1975Condo..77..495R. doi:10.2307/1366103. ISSN 0010-5422. JSTOR 1366103.

livescience.com (Global: 1,726^th place; English: 1,417^th place)

Palermo (2015). "Gruesome Meal: Seagulls Snack on Baby Seals' Eyeballs". Live Science. Archived from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2022.

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; English: 373^rd place)

"mew". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. OCLC 1032680871.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Pons JM, Hassanin A, Crochet PA (December 2005). "Phylogenetic relationships within the Laridae (Charadriiformes: Aves) inferred from mitochondrial markers". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 37 (3): 686–99. Bibcode:2005MolPE..37..686P. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.05.011. PMID 16054399.
Ramírez F, Rodríguez C, Seoane J, Figuerola J, Bustamante J (13 February 2018). Yue BS (ed.). "How will climate change affect endangered Mediterranean waterbirds?". PLOS ONE. 13 (2) e0192702. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1392702R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0192702. PMC 5811028. PMID 29438428.
Buckley PA (September 1966). "Foot-paddling in four American gulls, with comments on its possible function and stimulation". Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie. 23 (4): 395–402. Bibcode:1966Ethol..23..395B. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1966.tb01603.x. PMID 5992179. S2CID 9504887.
Liebers D, de Knijff P, Helbig AJ (May 2004). "The herring gull complex is not a ring species". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 271 (1542): 893–901. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2679. PMC 1691675. PMID 15255043.
Paton TA, Baker AJ, Groth JG, Barrowclough GF (November 2003). "RAG-1 sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships within Charadriiform birds". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 29 (2): 268–78. Bibcode:2003MolPE..29..268P. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00098-8. PMID 13678682.
Thomas GH, Wills MA, Székely T (August 2004). "A supertree approach to shorebird phylogeny". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 4 (1) 28. Bibcode:2004BMCEB...4...28T. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-4-28. PMC 515296. PMID 15329156.
Paton TA, Baker AJ (June 2006). "Sequences from 14 mitochondrial genes provide a well-supported phylogeny of the Charadriiform birds congruent with the nuclear RAG-1 tree". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 39 (3): 657–67. Bibcode:2006MolPE..39..657P. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.01.011. PMID 16531074.
Baker, Allan J.; Pereira, Sérgio L.; Paton, Tara A. (2007). "Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of Charadriiformes genera: multigene evidence for the Cretaceous origin of at least 14 clades of shorebirds". Biology Letters. 3 (2): 205–209. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0606. PMC 2375939. PMID 17284401.
Černý, David; Natale, Rossy (2022). "Comprehensive taxon sampling and vetted fossils help clarify the time tree of shorebirds (Aves, Charadriiformes)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 177 107620. Bibcode:2022MolPE.17707620C. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107620. PMID 36038056.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ramírez F, Rodríguez C, Seoane J, Figuerola J, Bustamante J (13 February 2018). Yue BS (ed.). "How will climate change affect endangered Mediterranean waterbirds?". PLOS ONE. 13 (2) e0192702. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1392702R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0192702. PMC 5811028. PMID 29438428.
Liebers D, de Knijff P, Helbig AJ (May 2004). "The herring gull complex is not a ring species". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 271 (1542): 893–901. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2679. PMC 1691675. PMID 15255043.
Thomas GH, Wills MA, Székely T (August 2004). "A supertree approach to shorebird phylogeny". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 4 (1) 28. Bibcode:2004BMCEB...4...28T. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-4-28. PMC 515296. PMID 15329156.
Baker, Allan J.; Pereira, Sérgio L.; Paton, Tara A. (2007). "Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of Charadriiformes genera: multigene evidence for the Cretaceous origin of at least 14 clades of shorebirds". Biology Letters. 3 (2): 205–209. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0606. PMC 2375939. PMID 17284401.

rspb.org.uk (Global: low place; English: 7,602^nd place)

rspb.org.uk

"Gulls and man". RSPB. 13 August 2007. Archived from the original on 24 December 2009. Retrieved 4 January 2010.

ww2.rspb.org.uk

Hayward I (24 July 2009). "Are sea gulls actually called sea gulls or is there another name for them?". The RSPB: Ask An Expert. Archived from the original on 13 September 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Henry PY, Aznar JC (June 2006). "Tool-use in Charadrii: Active Bait-Fishing by a Herring Gull". Waterbirds. 29 (2): 233–234. doi:10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[233:TICABB]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 85738152.
Buckley PA (September 1966). "Foot-paddling in four American gulls, with comments on its possible function and stimulation". Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie. 23 (4): 395–402. Bibcode:1966Ethol..23..395B. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1966.tb01603.x. PMID 5992179. S2CID 9504887.
Calado, Joana G.; Paiva, Vítor H.; Ramos, Jaime A.; Velando, Alberto; Munilla, Ignacio (5 February 2020). "Anthropogenic food resources, sardine decline and environmental conditions have triggered a dietary shift of an opportunistic seabird over the last 30 years on the northwest coast of Spain". Regional Environmental Change. 20 (1): 10. Bibcode:2020REnvC..20...10C. doi:10.1007/s10113-020-01609-6. ISSN 1436-378X. S2CID 211028229.
Alonso, Hany; Almeida, Ana; Granadeiro, José Pedro; Catry, Paulo (December 2015). "Temporal and age-related dietary variations in a large population of yellow-legged gulls Larus michahellis: implications for management and conservation". European Journal of Wildlife Research. 61 (6): 819–829. Bibcode:2015EJWR...61..819A. doi:10.1007/s10344-015-0958-9. ISSN 1612-4642. S2CID 15258313. Archived from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
Riedman ML (1982). "The Evolution of Alloparental Care in Mammals and Birds". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 57 (4): 405–435. doi:10.1086/412936. S2CID 85378202.
De Pietri VL (2011). "A revision of the Lari (Aves, Charadriiformes) from the early Miocene of Saint-Gérand-le-Puy (Allier, France)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (4): 812–828. Bibcode:2011JVPal..31..812D. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.586663. S2CID 84758271.

senescence.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

genomics.senescence.info

"AnAge entry for Larus argentatus". The Animal Ageing and Longevity Database. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 23 November 2008.

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

link.springer.com

Alonso, Hany; Almeida, Ana; Granadeiro, José Pedro; Catry, Paulo (December 2015). "Temporal and age-related dietary variations in a large population of yellow-legged gulls Larus michahellis: implications for management and conservation". European Journal of Wildlife Research. 61 (6): 819–829. Bibcode:2015EJWR...61..819A. doi:10.1007/s10344-015-0958-9. ISSN 1612-4642. S2CID 15258313. Archived from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2021.

thefreedictionary.com (Global: 1,251^st place; English: 1,161^st place)

"mew". The Free Dictionary. Archived from the original on 13 May 2013.

unm.edu (Global: 1,919^th place; English: 1,213^th place)

sora.unm.edu

Ingolfsson A, Estrella BT (1978). "The development of shell-cracking behaviour in herring gulls" (PDF). The Auk. 95 (3): 577–579. doi:10.1093/auk/95.3.577. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 November 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
Harrison C (1979). "The Association of Marine Birds and Feeding Gray Whales" (PDF). Condor. 81 (1): 93–95. doi:10.2307/1367866. JSTOR 1367866. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2013.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"mew". The Free Dictionary. Archived from the original on 13 May 2013.
"AnAge entry for Larus argentatus". The Animal Ageing and Longevity Database. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 23 November 2008.
"Gulls and man". RSPB. 13 August 2007. Archived from the original on 24 December 2009. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
"Seagull becomes crisp shoplifter". BBC News. 20 July 2007. Archived from the original on 15 February 2009. Retrieved 24 July 2009.
"Gulls' vicious attacks on whales". BBC News. 21 June 2009. Archived from the original on 26 June 2009.
Ramírez F, Gutiérrez-Expósito C, Afán I, Giménez J, de Stephanis R, Forero MG (7 May 2015). "Human influence on gull non-breeding distribution: potential consequences of changes in fishing practices". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 527: 221–232. Bibcode:2015MEPS..527..221R. doi:10.3354/meps11282. hdl:10261/122438. ISSN 0171-8630. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
Dowdey, Sarah (9 July 2009). "How do seagulls drink saltwater?". HowStuffWorks. Archived from the original on 27 March 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
Ingolfsson A, Estrella BT (1978). "The development of shell-cracking behaviour in herring gulls" (PDF). The Auk. 95 (3): 577–579. doi:10.1093/auk/95.3.577. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 November 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
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