Gullah (English Wikipedia)

Contributor, Clara Fagan, Staff (2021-01-18). "The Gullah People". Africa OTR. Retrieved 2025-01-17. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

afroculinaria.com

michaelwtwitty (2016-10-05). "Crops of African Origin or African Diffusion in the Americas". Afroculinaria. Retrieved 2021-07-26.

allaboutjazz.com

"Marion Brown". allaboutjazz.com. February 10, 2008. Retrieved July 17, 2020.

atlantablackstar.com

"10 Prominent African-Americans You Didn't Know Have Roots in the Gullah Geechee Corridor". Atlanta Black Star.

blackpast.org

Nielsen, Euell. "The Penn Center (1862- )". Blackpast.org. Retrieved 30 November 2023.

books.google.com

Michael A. Gomez (9 November 2000). Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 102. ISBN 978-0-8078-6171-4.
Philip Morgan (15 August 2011). African American Life in the Georgia Lowcountry: The Atlantic World and the Gullah Geechee. University of Georgia Press. p. 151. ISBN 978-0-8203-4274-0.
Cornelia Bailey; Norma Harris; Karen Smith (2003). Sapelo Voices: Historical Anthropology and the Oral Traditions of Gullah-Geechee Communities on Sapelo Island, Georgia. State University of West Georgia. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-883199-14-2.
Low Country Gullah Culture, Special Resource Study: Environmental Impact Statement. National Park Service. 2003. p. 16.
Anand Prahlad (31 August 2016). African American Folklore: An Encyclopedia for Students: An Encyclopedia for Students. ABC-CLIO. p. 139. ISBN 978-1-61069-930-3.
Mwalimu J. Shujaa; Kenya J. Shujaa (21 July 2015). The SAGE Encyclopedia of African Cultural Heritage in North America. SAGE Publications. pp. 435–436. ISBN 978-1-4833-4638-0.
Daina Ramey Berry (2012). Enslaved Women in America: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 120. ISBN 978-0-313-34908-9.
Low Country Gullah Culture, Special Resource Study: Environmental Impact Statement. National Park Service. 2003. pp. 50–58.
Marquetta L. Goodwine (1997). "Gullah Jack". In Junius P. Rodriguez (ed.). The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery. ABC-CLIO. p. 322. ISBN 978-0-87436-885-7. Some people believe the word is a shortened version of Angola. Numerous Africans brought from the area that is now the country of Angola were named Gullah to denote their origin, which is why names like Gullah Jack and Gullah Mary appear in some plantation accounts and stories.
J. Lorand Matory (2 December 2015). Stigma and Culture: Last-Place Anxiety in Black America. University of Chicago Press. p. 196. ISBN 978-0-226-29787-3.
Brown, Ras Michael (2012-08-27). African-Atlantic Cultures and the South Carolina Lowcountry. Cambridge University Press. p. 70. ISBN 978-1-107-02409-0.
Brown, Ras Michael (2012). African-Atlantic Cultures and the South Carolina Lowcountry. Cambridge University Press. pp. 180, 225–230. ISBN 9781107024090.
Pollitzer, William (2005). The Gullah People and Their African Heritage. University of Georgie Press. pp. 124–129. ISBN 9780820327839.

chicagotribune.com

"Michelle Obama's Family Tree has Roots in a Carolina Slave Plantation". Chicago Tribune. December 1, 2008. Archived from the original on January 9, 2012.

doi.org

Linares, Olga F. (2002-12-10). "African rice (Oryza glaberrima): History and future potential". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 99 (25): 16360–16365. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916360L. doi:10.1073/pnas.252604599. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 138616. PMID 12461173.
Wang, Muhua; Yu, Yeisoo; Haberer, Georg; Marri, Pradeep Reddy; Fan, Chuanzhu; Goicoechea, Jose Luis; Zuccolo, Andrea; Song, Xiang; Kudrna, Dave; Ammiraju, Jetty S. S.; Cossu, Rosa Maria; Maldonado, Carlos; Chen, Jinfeng; Lee, Seunghee; Sisneros, Nick; de Baynast, Kristi; Golser, Wolfgang; Wissotski, Marina; Kim, Woojin; Sanchez, Paul; Ndjiondjop, Marie-Noelle; Sanni, Kayode; Long, Manyuan; Carney, Judith; Panaud, Olivier; Wicker, Thomas; Machado, Carlos A.; Chen, Mingsheng; Mayer, Klaus F. X.; Rounsley, Steve; Wing, Rod A. (2014-07-27). "The genome sequence of African rice (Oryza glaberrima) and evidence for independent domestication". Nature Genetics. 46 (9): 982–988. doi:10.1038/ng.3044. ISSN 1061-4036. PMC 7036042. PMID 25064006.
Frederic G. Cassidy (Spring 1980). "The Place of Gullah". American Speech. 55 (1). Duke University Press: 12. doi:10.2307/455386. ISSN 0003-1283. JSTOR 455386.
Thomas-Houston, Marilyn M. (December 1999). "Review: The Language You Cry In: The Story of a Mende Song by Alvaro Toepke, Angel Serrano". American Anthropologist. 101 (4). Wiley, on behalf of the American Anthropological Association: 826–828. doi:10.1525/aa.1999.101.4.826. JSTOR 684061.
Beoku-Betts, Josephine (1995). "We Got Our Way of Cooking Things: Women, Food, and Preservation of Cultural Identity among the Gullah". Gender and Society. 9 (5): 535–555. doi:10.1177/089124395009005003. JSTOR 189895. S2CID 143342058.

georgiaencyclopedia.org

Althea Sumpter; NGE Staff (March 31, 2006). "Geechee and Gullah Culture". Encyclopedia of Georgia. Georgia Humanities Council and the University of Georgia Press; Georgia Institute of Technology. Archived from the original on April 6, 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
Johnson N., Michelle. "1893 Sea Islands Hurricane". New Georgia Encyclopedia. University of Georgia Press. Retrieved 30 November 2023.

gullahbible.com

"De Gullah Nyew Testament". 2005. Retrieved 21 December 2024.

gullahgeecheecorridor.org

"The Gullah Geechee People". Gullah Geechee Cultural Heritage Corridor Commission. Retrieved 30 November 2023.

gullahgeecheenation.com

Gullah/Geechee Nation (5 October 2017). "De Gullah/Geechee Foundation of America". Gullah/Geechee Nation. Retrieved 11 February 2025.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Linares, Olga F. (2002-12-10). "African rice (Oryza glaberrima): History and future potential". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 99 (25): 16360–16365. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916360L. doi:10.1073/pnas.252604599. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 138616. PMID 12461173.

highbeam.com

"Gov. Sanford to Sign Heirs Property Bill at Gullah Festival, US Fed News Service, May 26, 2006". Archived from the original on 24 September 2014. Retrieved 25 September 2014.

islandpacket.com

HARLEY, CATHY (6 November 2011). "'Healin fa de Soul,' Gullah Bible readings released". The Island Packet.

jstor.org

"Conferences". Research in African Literatures. 4 (1): 62–74. 1973. ISSN 0034-5210. JSTOR 3818615.
Frederic G. Cassidy (Spring 1980). "The Place of Gullah". American Speech. 55 (1). Duke University Press: 12. doi:10.2307/455386. ISSN 0003-1283. JSTOR 455386.
Thomas-Houston, Marilyn M. (December 1999). "Review: The Language You Cry In: The Story of a Mende Song by Alvaro Toepke, Angel Serrano". American Anthropologist. 101 (4). Wiley, on behalf of the American Anthropological Association: 826–828. doi:10.1525/aa.1999.101.4.826. JSTOR 684061.
Beoku-Betts, Josephine (1995). "We Got Our Way of Cooking Things: Women, Food, and Preservation of Cultural Identity among the Gullah". Gender and Society. 9 (5): 535–555. doi:10.1177/089124395009005003. JSTOR 189895. S2CID 143342058.

daily.jstor.org

Gershon, Livia (2022). "The Cosmopolitan Culture of the Gullah/Geechees". Politics and History. Retrieved 30 November 2023.

latimes.com

Duara, Nigel (November 4, 2016). "The Gullah people have survived on the Carolina sea islands for centuries. Now development is taking a toll". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 27, 2021.

ncsu.edu

lenoir.ces.ncsu.edu

"Low Country and Gullah-Geechee Cuisine". lenoir.ces.ncsu.edu. Retrieved 2021-07-26.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Linares, Olga F. (2002-12-10). "African rice (Oryza glaberrima): History and future potential". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 99 (25): 16360–16365. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916360L. doi:10.1073/pnas.252604599. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 138616. PMID 12461173.
Wang, Muhua; Yu, Yeisoo; Haberer, Georg; Marri, Pradeep Reddy; Fan, Chuanzhu; Goicoechea, Jose Luis; Zuccolo, Andrea; Song, Xiang; Kudrna, Dave; Ammiraju, Jetty S. S.; Cossu, Rosa Maria; Maldonado, Carlos; Chen, Jinfeng; Lee, Seunghee; Sisneros, Nick; de Baynast, Kristi; Golser, Wolfgang; Wissotski, Marina; Kim, Woojin; Sanchez, Paul; Ndjiondjop, Marie-Noelle; Sanni, Kayode; Long, Manyuan; Carney, Judith; Panaud, Olivier; Wicker, Thomas; Machado, Carlos A.; Chen, Mingsheng; Mayer, Klaus F. X.; Rounsley, Steve; Wing, Rod A. (2014-07-27). "The genome sequence of African rice (Oryza glaberrima) and evidence for independent domestication". Nature Genetics. 46 (9): 982–988. doi:10.1038/ng.3044. ISSN 1061-4036. PMC 7036042. PMID 25064006.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Linares, Olga F. (2002-12-10). "African rice (Oryza glaberrima): History and future potential". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 99 (25): 16360–16365. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916360L. doi:10.1073/pnas.252604599. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 138616. PMID 12461173.
Wang, Muhua; Yu, Yeisoo; Haberer, Georg; Marri, Pradeep Reddy; Fan, Chuanzhu; Goicoechea, Jose Luis; Zuccolo, Andrea; Song, Xiang; Kudrna, Dave; Ammiraju, Jetty S. S.; Cossu, Rosa Maria; Maldonado, Carlos; Chen, Jinfeng; Lee, Seunghee; Sisneros, Nick; de Baynast, Kristi; Golser, Wolfgang; Wissotski, Marina; Kim, Woojin; Sanchez, Paul; Ndjiondjop, Marie-Noelle; Sanni, Kayode; Long, Manyuan; Carney, Judith; Panaud, Olivier; Wicker, Thomas; Machado, Carlos A.; Chen, Mingsheng; Mayer, Klaus F. X.; Rounsley, Steve; Wing, Rod A. (2014-07-27). "The genome sequence of African rice (Oryza glaberrima) and evidence for independent domestication". Nature Genetics. 46 (9): 982–988. doi:10.1038/ng.3044. ISSN 1061-4036. PMC 7036042. PMID 25064006.

npr.org

CHIDEYA, FARAI (17 October 2006). "Bill Will Provide Millions for Gullah Community". National Public Radio. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020.

nps.gov

NPS. "Gullah Geechee History, Language, Society, Culture, and Change". National Park Service. p. 1. Geechee people in Georgia refer to themselves as Freshwater Geechee if they live on the mainland and Saltwater Geechee if they live on the Sea Islands.
Low Country Gullah Culture Special Resource Study and Final Environmental Impact Statement, National Park Service, Southeast Regional Office, p. 3

nytimes.com

Severson, Kim (2022-05-09). "A Cook Who Never Used a Cookbook Now Has Her Own". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-05-11.
"THE 43rd PRESIDENT; In His Own Words". The New York Times. December 14, 2000.

postandcourier.com

Kukulich, Tony (2023). "The Great Sea Island Hurricane devastated Beaufort County 130 years ago". The Post and Courier. Retrieved 27 February 2024.

savannahnow.com

Smith, Bruce (27 November 2011). "Gullah-language Bible now on audio CDs". Savannah Morning News.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Beoku-Betts, Josephine (1995). "We Got Our Way of Cooking Things: Women, Food, and Preservation of Cultural Identity among the Gullah". Gender and Society. 9 (5): 535–555. doi:10.1177/089124395009005003. JSTOR 189895. S2CID 143342058.

slaveryinamerica.org

West, Jean M. "Rice and Slavery: A Fatal Gold Seede". Slavery in America. Archived from the original on 2012-02-06.
"South Carolina Slave Laws Summary and Record". Slavery in America. Archived from the original on 2012-03-18.
Slavery in America Archived September 19, 2009, at the Wayback Machine

theawl.com

Kelleher, Katy (January 16, 2018). "Haint Blue, the Ghost-Tricking Color of Southern Homes and Gullah Folktales". The Awl. Retrieved March 5, 2018.

theguardian.com

Walker, Adria R (21 December 2024). "'I didn't realize the role rice played': the ingenious crop cultivation of the Gullah Geechee people". The Guardian.

uky.edu

as.uky.edu

"The Sapelo Island Mission Period Archaeological Project | College of Arts & Sciences".

vimeo.com

F. Priscilla's Legacy. Vimeo (30' video). 2014.
"Gullah_Geechee Youth Culture Quest". vimeo. Gullah Geechee Corridor. Retrieved 29 March 2024.

web.archive.org

Althea Sumpter; NGE Staff (March 31, 2006). "Geechee and Gullah Culture". Encyclopedia of Georgia. Georgia Humanities Council and the University of Georgia Press; Georgia Institute of Technology. Archived from the original on April 6, 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
Joseph A. Opala. "Bunce Island in Sierra Leone" (PDF). Yale University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 December 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
Joseph A. Opala (2006). "The Gullah: Rice, Slavery, and the Sierra Leone-American Connection". Yale University. Archived from the original on October 6, 2015.
West, Jean M. "Rice and Slavery: A Fatal Gold Seede". Slavery in America. Archived from the original on 2012-02-06.
"South Carolina Slave Laws Summary and Record". Slavery in America. Archived from the original on 2012-03-18.
"Gov. Sanford to Sign Heirs Property Bill at Gullah Festival, US Fed News Service, May 26, 2006". Archived from the original on 24 September 2014. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
"Gullah | Wycliffe Bible Translators USA". blog.wycliffe.org. Archived from the original on 2016-09-19. Retrieved 2016-07-21.
CHIDEYA, FARAI (17 October 2006). "Bill Will Provide Millions for Gullah Community". National Public Radio. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020.
Slavery in America Archived September 19, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
Opala, Joseph (March 10, 2015). "The Gullah: Rice, Slavery, and the Sierra Leone-American Connection". Yale Macmillan Center Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition. Yale University. Archived from the original on October 19, 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
"Michelle Obama's Family Tree has Roots in a Carolina Slave Plantation". Chicago Tribune. December 1, 2008. Archived from the original on January 9, 2012.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

"Conferences". Research in African Literatures. 4 (1): 62–74. 1973. ISSN 0034-5210. JSTOR 3818615.
Linares, Olga F. (2002-12-10). "African rice (Oryza glaberrima): History and future potential". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 99 (25): 16360–16365. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916360L. doi:10.1073/pnas.252604599. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 138616. PMID 12461173.
Wang, Muhua; Yu, Yeisoo; Haberer, Georg; Marri, Pradeep Reddy; Fan, Chuanzhu; Goicoechea, Jose Luis; Zuccolo, Andrea; Song, Xiang; Kudrna, Dave; Ammiraju, Jetty S. S.; Cossu, Rosa Maria; Maldonado, Carlos; Chen, Jinfeng; Lee, Seunghee; Sisneros, Nick; de Baynast, Kristi; Golser, Wolfgang; Wissotski, Marina; Kim, Woojin; Sanchez, Paul; Ndjiondjop, Marie-Noelle; Sanni, Kayode; Long, Manyuan; Carney, Judith; Panaud, Olivier; Wicker, Thomas; Machado, Carlos A.; Chen, Mingsheng; Mayer, Klaus F. X.; Rounsley, Steve; Wing, Rod A. (2014-07-27). "The genome sequence of African rice (Oryza glaberrima) and evidence for independent domestication". Nature Genetics. 46 (9): 982–988. doi:10.1038/ng.3044. ISSN 1061-4036. PMC 7036042. PMID 25064006.
Frederic G. Cassidy (Spring 1980). "The Place of Gullah". American Speech. 55 (1). Duke University Press: 12. doi:10.2307/455386. ISSN 0003-1283. JSTOR 455386.
Meggett, Emily (2022). Gullah Geechee home cooking : recipes from the matriarch of Edisto Island. New York, NY. ISBN 978-1-4197-5878-2. OCLC 1262965927.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Severson, Kim (2022-05-09). "A Cook Who Never Used a Cookbook Now Has Her Own". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-05-11.

worldcat.org

Meggett, Emily (2022). Gullah Geechee home cooking : recipes from the matriarch of Edisto Island. New York, NY. ISBN 978-1-4197-5878-2. OCLC 1262965927.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

wycliffe.org

blog.wycliffe.org

"Gullah | Wycliffe Bible Translators USA". blog.wycliffe.org. Archived from the original on 2016-09-19. Retrieved 2016-07-21.

yale.edu

glc.yale.edu

"The Gullah: Rice, Slavery, and the Sierra Leone-American Connection". The Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition. 2015-03-10. Retrieved 2022-06-25.
Joseph A. Opala. "Bunce Island in Sierra Leone" (PDF). Yale University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 December 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
Joseph A. Opala (2006). "The Gullah: Rice, Slavery, and the Sierra Leone-American Connection". Yale University. Archived from the original on October 6, 2015.
Opala, Joseph (March 10, 2015). "The Gullah: Rice, Slavery, and the Sierra Leone-American Connection". Yale Macmillan Center Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition. Yale University. Archived from the original on October 19, 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.