Guru Gobind Singh (English Wikipedia)

Ganda Singh. "Gobind Singh, Guru (1666–1708)". Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Punjabi University Patiala. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
J. S. Grewal (1998). The Sikhs of the Punjab. Cambridge University Press. pp. 78–79. ISBN 978-0-521-63764-0.
Mayled, Jon (2002). Sikhism. Heinemann. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-435-33627-1.
The Sikhs : faith, philosophy & folk. Lustre Press. 1998. ISBN 9788174360373.
McLeod, W. H. (1997). Sikhism. Penguin Books. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-14-025260-6. Gobind Das was the original name of the Tenth Guru, at least so it seems. Muslim sources generally refer to him as Gobind Rai, but documents issued by his father, Guru Tegh Bahadur, give his name as Gobind Das.
Cole, W. Owen; Sambhi, Piara Singh (1978). The Sikhs: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. Routledge. p. 37. ISBN 0-7100-8842-6.
Cole, W. Owen; Sambhi, Piara Singh (1978). The Sikhs: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 36-37. ISBN 0-7100-8842-6.
Cole, W. Owen; Sambhi, Piara Singh (1978). The Sikhs: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 38–39. ISBN 0-7100-8842-6.
J. S. Grewal (1998). The Sikhs of the Punjab. Cambridge University Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-521-63764-0., Quote: "Aurangzeb took an active interest in the issue of succession, passed orders for the execution of Guru Tegh Bahadur, and at one time ordered total extirpation of Guru Gobind Singh and his family".
J. S. Grewal (1998). The Sikhs of the Punjab. Cambridge University Press. pp. 73–74. ISBN 978-0-521-63764-0.
Sir Lepel Henry Griffin (1898). Ranjit Síngh and the Sikh Barrier Between Our Growing Empire and Central Asia. Oxford University Press. pp. 55–56.

bbc.co.uk

"BBC Religions – Sikhism". BBC. 26 October 2009. Archived from the original on 23 January 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.

books.google.com

Dhillon, Dr Dalbir Singh (1988). Sikhism – Origin and Development. Atlantic Publishers and Distributors. p. 144. Archived from the original on 17 September 2016.
Mandair, Arvind-Pal Singh; Shackle, Christopher; Singh, Gurharpal (2013). Sikh Religion, Culture and Ethnicity. Routledge. pp. 25–28. ISBN 978-1-136-84627-4.
Gandhi, Surjit Singh (1978). History of the Sikh Gurus: A Comprehensive Study. Gur Das Kapur. p. 607.
Fenech, Louis E.; W. H. McLeod (2014). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-4422-3601-1.
Singh, Pashaura; Fenech, Louis E. (2014). The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies. Oxford University Press. p. 311. ISBN 978-0-19-969930-8.
Jenkins 2000, p. 200. Jenkins, Everett (2000). The Muslim Diaspora (Volume 2, 1500–1799): A Comprehensive Chronology of the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas. McFarland. p. 200. ISBN 978-1-4766-0889-1.
Seiple, Chris; Hoover, Dennis; Otis, Pauletta (2013). The Routledge Handbook of Religion and Security. Routledge. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-415-66744-9.;
Richards, John F. (1995). The Mughal Empire. Cambridge University Press. pp. 255–258. ISBN 978-0-521-56603-2.
Hardip Singh Syan (2013). Sikh Militancy in the Seventeenth Century: Religious Violence in Mughal and Early Modern India. I.B. Tauris. pp. 218–222. ISBN 978-1-78076-250-0.
Dhavan, P (2011). When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699–1799. Oxford University Press. pp. 3–4. ISBN 978-0-19-975655-1.
McLeod, W. H. (1990). Textual Sources for the Study of Sikhism. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-56085-4., pp. 2, 67
Mandair, Arvind-Pal Singh; Shackle, Christopher; Singh, Gurharpal (2013). Sikh Religion, Culture and Ethnicity. Routledge. pp. 11–12, 17–19. ISBN 978-1-136-84627-4.
Shelke, Christopher (2009). Divine covenant: rainbow of religions and cultures. Gregorian Press. p. 199. ISBN 978-88-7839-143-7.
Hansra, Harkirat S. (2007). Liberty at Stake:sikhs: the Most Visible. iUniverse. pp. 28–29. ISBN 978-0-595-43222-6.
Jones, Constance A.; Ryan, James D. (2007). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. New York: Facts on File, Inc. p. 417. ISBN 978-0-8160-5458-9. Archived from the original on 23 September 2016.
Grewal 1998, p. 70: "Though historians generally refer to the young Gobind as Gobind Rai, in the hukamnamas of Guru Tegh Bahadur he is referred to as Gobind Das." Grewal, J. S. (1998). The Sikhs of the Punjab. Vol. 2–3. Cambridge University Press. p. 72. ISBN 978-0-521-63764-0.
Grewal, J. S. (2019). Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708): Master of the White Hawk. Oxford University Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-19-099038-1.
Cole, W. Owen (2004). Understanding Sikhism. Dunedin Academic Press Ltd. p. 68. ISBN 978-1-906716-91-2. Guru Gobind Singh's name was Gobind Das or sometimes said to be Gobind Rai, but from the founding of the Khalsa he is known to be Guru Gobind Singh.
Holt, James D. (2022). Understanding Sikhism: A Guide for Teachers. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 164. ISBN 978-1-350-26319-2.
Dhavan, P (2011). When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699–1799. Oxford University Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-19-975655-1.
Singh, Pashaura; Fenech, Louis E. (2014). The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies. Oxford University Press. p. 595. ISBN 978-0-19-100411-7.
Hawley, John Stratton; Mann, Gurinder Singh (1993). Studying the Sikhs: Issues for North America. State University of New York Press. p. 176. ISBN 978-1-4384-0619-0.
John M Koller (2016). The Indian Way: An Introduction to the Philosophies & Religions of India. Routledge. pp. 312–313. ISBN 978-1-315-50740-8.
Dhavan, P (2011). When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699–1799. Oxford University Press. pp. 43–44. ISBN 978-0-19-975655-1.
Oberoi, Harjot (1994). The Construction of Religious Boundaries: Culture, Identity, and Diversity in the Sikh Tradition. University of Chicago Press. pp. 59–62. ISBN 978-0-226-61592-9.
Oberoi, Harjot (1994). The Construction of Religious Boundaries: Culture, Identity, and Diversity in the Sikh Tradition. University of Chicago Press. pp. 24, 77–78, 89–90. ISBN 978-0-226-61592-9.
Mandair, Arvind-Pal S.; Shackle, Christopher; Singh, Gurharpal (2013). Sikh Religion, Culture and Ethnicity. Routledge. pp. 30–33. ISBN 978-1-136-84634-2.
Singh, Pashaura; Fenech, Louis E. (2014). The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies. Oxford University Press. pp. 23–24. ISBN 978-0-19-100411-7.
Fenech, Louis E.; W. H. McLeod (2014). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 84–85. ISBN 978-1-4422-3601-1.
Jacobsen, Knut A.; Myrvold, Kristina (2012). Sikhs Across Borders: Transnational Practices of European Sikhs. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 142–147, 156–157. ISBN 978-1-4411-0358-1.
Rinehart, Robin (2011). Debating the Dasam Granth. Oxford University Press. pp. 59–62. ISBN 978-0-19-975506-6.
Murphy, Anne (2012). The Materiality of the Past: History and Representation in Sikh Tradition. Oxford University Press. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-19-991629-0.
Rinehart, Robin (2014). Pashaura Singh and Louis E Fenech (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies. Oxford University Press. pp. 136–138. ISBN 978-0-19-969930-8.
Singha, H. S. (2000). The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 Entries). Hemkunt Press. ISBN 978-81-7010-301-1., pp. 53–54
Nesbitt, Eleanor (2016). Sikhism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. pp. 107–109. ISBN 978-0-19-106277-3.
Deol, J (2013). Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair; et al. (eds.). Sikh Religion, Culture and Ethnicity. Routledge. pp. 30–34. ISBN 978-1-136-84627-4.
Jacobsen, Knut A.; Myrvold, Kristina (2012). Sikhs Across Borders: Transnational Practices of European Sikhs. A&C Black. pp. 233–234. ISBN 978-1-4411-1387-0.
Brekke, Torkel (2014). Gregory M. Reichberg and Henrik Syse (ed.). Religion, War, and Ethics: A Sourcebook of Textual Traditions. Cambridge University Press. pp. 673–674. ISBN 978-1-139-95204-0.
Christopher J. H. Wright (2003). God and Morality. Oxford University Press. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-19-914839-4.
Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh (2012). Birth of the Khalsa, The: A Feminist Re-Memory of Sikh Identity. State University of New York Press. pp. 26–28. ISBN 978-0-7914-8266-7.
Jaques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F–O. Greenwood. p. 704. ISBN 978-0-313-33538-9.
Fenech, Louis E. (2013). The Sikh Zafar-namah of Guru Gobind Singh: A Discursive Blade in the Heart of the Mughal Empire. Oxford University Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-19-993145-3.
Jaques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F–O. Greenwood. p. 420. ISBN 978-0-313-33538-9.
Singh, Guru Gobind (2015). Zafarnama. Penguin UK. ISBN 978-81-8475-595-4.
Jaques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A–E. Greenwood Publishing. pp. 48–49. ISBN 978-0-313-33537-2.
Rinehart, Robin (2011). Debating the Dasam Granth. Oxford University Press. pp. 22–23. ISBN 978-0-19-975506-6.
Jaques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F–O. Greenwood. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-313-33538-9.
Malhotra, Anshu; Mir, Farina (2012). Punjab Reconsidered: History, Culture, and Practice. Oxford University Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-19-908877-5.
Fenech, Louis E. (2000). Martyrdom in the Sikh Tradition: Playing the "game of Love". Oxford University Press. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-19-564947-5.
W. H. McLeod (2009). The A to Z of Sikhism. Scarecrow. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-8108-6344-6.
Hardip Singh Syan (2013). Sikh Militancy in the Seventeenth Century: Religious Violence in Mughal and Early Modern India. I.B. Tauris. pp. 220–222. ISBN 978-1-78076-250-0.
Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh (2011). Sikhism: An Introduction. I.B. Tauris. pp. 84–85. ISBN 978-0-85773-549-2.
Jaques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A–E. Greenwood Publishing. p. 914. ISBN 978-0-313-33537-2.
Fenech, Louis E.; W. H. McLeod (2014). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 218. ISBN 978-1-4422-3601-1.
Fenech, Louis E.; W. H. McLeod (2014). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 79. ISBN 978-1-4422-3601-1.
Dhavan, P (2011). When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699–1799. Oxford University Press. pp. 165–167, 13–24. ISBN 978-0-19-975655-1.
Murphy, Anne (2012). The Materiality of the Past: History and Representation in Sikh Tradition. Oxford University Press. pp. 110–113. ISBN 978-0-19-991629-0.
Murphy, Anne (2012). Time, History and the Religious Imaginary in South Asia. Routledge. pp. 47–50. ISBN 978-1-136-70729-2.
Dhavan, P (2011). When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699–1799. Oxford University Press. pp. 51–53. ISBN 978-0-19-975655-1.
Nesbitt, Eleanor M. (2016). Sikhism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. pp. 59–60, 118. ISBN 978-0-19-874557-0.
Morgan, Peggy (2007). Ethical Issues in Six Religious Traditions. Edinburgh University Press. p. 120. ISBN 978-0-7486-3002-8. Ever since the time of Guru Gobind Singh (d. ce 1708), codes of conduct (rahitnamas), for example Rahitnama Bhai Chaupa and Prem Sumarg, have been in circulation. These laid down the behaviour required of Sikhs. The eighteenth and nineteenth-century rahitnamas reflected their period, and one clear purpose was the social segregation of Sikhs and Muslims.
Fenech, Louis E.; McLeod, W. H. (2014). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 214. ISBN 978-1-4422-3601-1.
Oberoi, Harjot (1994). The Construction of Religious Boundaries: Culture, Identity, and Diversity in the Sikh Tradition. University of Chicago Press. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-226-61593-6.
Cush, Denise; Robinson, Catherine; York, Michael (2012). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Routledge. p. 792. ISBN 978-1-135-18979-2.
Coward, Harold G. (1987). Modern Indian Responses to Religious Pluralism. State University of New York Press. p. 283. ISBN 978-0-7914-9992-4.
Cook, Michael (2016). Ancient Religions, Modern Politics: The Islamic Case in Comparative Perspective. Princeton University Press. p. 238. ISBN 978-0-691-17334-4.
Grewal, J. S. (2019). Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708): Master of the White Hawk. Oxford University Press. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-19-099038-1.
Malhotra, Anshu; Lambert-Hurley, Siobhan (2015). Speaking of the Self: Gender, Performance, and Autobiography in South Asia. Duke University Press. p. 195. ISBN 978-0-8223-7497-8. From the time of the establishment of the Khalsa in 1699, some from within the Sikhs, more specifically the Khalsa, tried to create religious norms and codes of behavior that worked toward imparting a distinct Sikh identity partly by distancing from the Muslims. A stream within the Khalsa set about creating codes of conduct, the rahit literature, that began "othering" the Muslim/Turak (used interchangeably), passing tenets that included the avoidance of halal meat associated with the Muslims, and sleeping with Muslim women.
W. H. McLeod (2009). The A to Z of Sikhism. Scarecrow. pp. xxv, 52, 214–215. ISBN 978-0-8108-6344-6.
Murphy, Anne (2012). The Materiality of the Past: History and Representation in Sikh Tradition. Oxford University Press. p. 73. ISBN 978-0-19-991629-0.
Hadley, Michael L. (2001). Spiritual Roots of Restorative Justice, The. State University of New York Press. pp. 20, 207–214. ISBN 978-0-7914-9114-0.
Dahiya, Amardeep (2014). Founder of the Khalsa: The Life and Times of Guru Gobind Singh. Hay House, Inc. p. 183. ISBN 9789381398616.
Anand, TK (2005). Essence of Sikhism – 7. Madhubun Books. p. 63. ISBN 9788125919483.
Singh, PrithiPal (2006). The History of Sikh Gurus. ISBN 9788183820752.
Dahiya, Amardeep (2014). Founder of the Khalsa: The Life and Times of Guru Gobind Singh. Hay House, Inc. p. 186. ISBN 9789381398616.
Singh, Khushwant (1977). A History of the Sikhs, Volume 1: 1469–1839. Oxford India Collection. p. 81. ISBN 9780195606003.
Dhavan, P (2011). When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699–1799. Oxford University Press. pp. 45–46. ISBN 978-0-19-975655-1.
Metcalf, Barbara D.; Metcalf, Thomas R. (2012). A Concise History of Modern India. Cambridge University Press. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-139-53705-6.
Hardip Singh Syan (2013). Sikh Militancy in the Seventeenth Century: Religious Violence in Mughal and Early Modern India. I.B. Tauris. pp. 222–223. ISBN 978-1-78076-250-0.
Singh, Pashaura; Fenech, Louis E. (2014). The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies. OUP Oxford. p. 478. ISBN 978-0-19-969930-8.

britannica.com

"Dasam Granth | Sikh writings | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
"Adi Granth | Sikh sacred scripture". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 20 January 2021.

doi.org

dx.doi.org

Macauliffe, Max Arthur (2009). The Sikh Religion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9781139506595. ISBN 978-1-139-50659-5.

doi.org

Macauliffe, Max Arthur (2009). The Sikh Religion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9781139506595. ISBN 978-1-139-50659-5.

ggscw.ac.in

Singh, Anurag (December 2018). "Punjab: Cradle of Indian Civilization and Khalsa of Guru Gobind Singh" (PDF). Gyankosh: An Interdisciplinary e-Journal. 1: 29.

learnpunjabi.org

Ashok, Shamsher Singh. "Jitojo Mata". Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Punjabi University Patiala. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
Ashok, Shamsher Singh. "Sahib Devan". Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Punjabi University Patiala. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2016.

ndtv.com

"Happy Guru Gobind Singh Jayanti: Wishes, Pics, Facebook Messages To Share". NDTV.com. Retrieved 20 January 2021.

scribd.com

"Bole So Nihal | Asian Ethnic Religion | Religious Comparison". Retrieved 7 December 2017 – via Scribd.

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thesikhencyclopedia.com

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Gujral, Maninder S. (19 December 2000). "Dasam Granth". The Sikh Encyclopedia. Retrieved 1 October 2022.

thestatesman.com

"Chaar Sahibzaade: The unforgettable history of Sikh heroism and sacrifice". The Statesman. 23 December 2021.

web.archive.org

Ganda Singh. "Gobind Singh, Guru (1666–1708)". Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Punjabi University Patiala. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
Dhillon, Dr Dalbir Singh (1988). Sikhism – Origin and Development. Atlantic Publishers and Distributors. p. 144. Archived from the original on 17 September 2016.
"What is the kirpan?". World Sikh Organization of Canada. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
"BBC Religions – Sikhism". BBC. 26 October 2009. Archived from the original on 23 January 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jones, Constance A.; Ryan, James D. (2007). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. New York: Facts on File, Inc. p. 417. ISBN 978-0-8160-5458-9. Archived from the original on 23 September 2016.
Ashok, Shamsher Singh. "Jitojo Mata". Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Punjabi University Patiala. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
Ashok, Shamsher Singh. "Sahib Devan". Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Punjabi University Patiala. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2016.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Sikh art and literature. Kerry, Brown. London: Routledge. 1999. p. 198. ISBN 0-415-20288-4. OCLC 39765536.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
Williams, Victoria (2016). "Dastaar Bandi and Amrit Sanchar, Sikhism". Celebrating life customs around the world : from baby showers to funerals. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 70. ISBN 978-1-4408-3658-9. OCLC 956633929. During the ceremony the amrit is accompanied by a solemn oath in the presence of Sri Guru Granth Sahib and Panj Pyare, or the five beloved ones. Panj Pyare is a quintet of initiated Sikh men or women that act as leaders within the Sikh community. The Panj Pyare oversee the Amrit Sanchar ceremony by preparing the initiates and administering the amrit to those ready to be initiated
Singh, Kamalroop (2015). The Grańth of Guru Gobind Singh : essays, lectures, and translations. Gurinder Singh Mann (1st ed.). New Delhi. pp. 66, 68, 77. ISBN 978-0-19-945897-4. OCLC 932463542.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Mahmood, Cynmthia Keppley (1996). Fighting for faith and nation dialogues with Sikh militants. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 43–45. ISBN 978-0-8122-1592-2. OCLC 44966032.
Johar, Surinder Singh (1998). Holy Sikh shrines. New Delhi: M D Publications. p. 63. ISBN 978-81-7533-073-3. OCLC 44703461.

worldcat.org

Sikh art and literature. Kerry, Brown. London: Routledge. 1999. p. 198. ISBN 0-415-20288-4. OCLC 39765536.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
Williams, Victoria (2016). "Dastaar Bandi and Amrit Sanchar, Sikhism". Celebrating life customs around the world : from baby showers to funerals. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 70. ISBN 978-1-4408-3658-9. OCLC 956633929. During the ceremony the amrit is accompanied by a solemn oath in the presence of Sri Guru Granth Sahib and Panj Pyare, or the five beloved ones. Panj Pyare is a quintet of initiated Sikh men or women that act as leaders within the Sikh community. The Panj Pyare oversee the Amrit Sanchar ceremony by preparing the initiates and administering the amrit to those ready to be initiated
Singh, Kamalroop (2015). The Grańth of Guru Gobind Singh : essays, lectures, and translations. Gurinder Singh Mann (1st ed.). New Delhi. pp. 66, 68, 77. ISBN 978-0-19-945897-4. OCLC 932463542.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

worldsikh.org

"What is the kirpan?". World Sikh Organization of Canada. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2015.