Gyromitra esculenta (English Wikipedia)

Dearness, J (1924). "Gyromitra poisoning". Mycologia. 16 (4): 143–176. doi:10.2307/3753381. JSTOR 3753381.
O'Donnell, Kerry; Cigelnik, Elizabeth; Weber, Nancy S.; Trappe, James M. (1997). "Phylogenetic relationships among ascomycetous truffles and the true and false morels inferred from 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis". Mycologia. 89 (1): 48–65. doi:10.2307/3761172. JSTOR 3761172.
Diaz JH (2005). "Syndromic diagnosis and management of confirmed mushroom poisonings". Critical Care Medicine. 33 (2): 427–36. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000153531.69448.49. PMID 15699849. S2CID 24492593.
Lampe KF (1979). "Toxic fungi". Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 19 (1): 85–104. doi:10.1146/annurev.pa.19.040179.000505. PMID 378111.
Karlson-Stiber C, Persson H (2003). "Cytotoxic fungi—an overview". Toxicon. 42 (4): 339–49. doi:10.1016/S0041-0101(03)00238-1. PMID 14505933.
Michelot D, Toth B (1991). "Poisoning by Gyromitra esculenta—a review". Journal of Applied Toxicology. 11 (4): 235–43. doi:10.1002/jat.2550110403. PMID 1939997. S2CID 7994829.
Leathem AM, Dorran TJ (2007). "Poisoning due to raw Gyromitra esculenta (false morels) west of the Rockies". Canadian Journal of Emergency Medical Care. 9 (2): 127–30. doi:10.1017/s1481803500014937. PMID 17391587.
List PH, Luft P (1968). "[Gyromitrin, the poison of Gyromitra esculenta. 16. On the fungi contents]". Archiv der Pharmazie (in German). 301 (4): 294–305. doi:10.1002/ardp.19683010410. PMID 5244383. S2CID 95372473.
Pyysalo H (1975). "Some new toxic compounds in false morels, Gyromitra esculenta". Naturwissenschaften. 62 (8): 395. Bibcode:1975NW.....62..395P. doi:10.1007/BF00625355. PMID 1238907. S2CID 178876.
Cornish HH (1969). "The role of vitamin B6 in the toxicity of hydrazines". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 166 (1): 136–45. Bibcode:1969NYASA.166..136C. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb54264.x. hdl:2027.42/73785. PMID 5262010. S2CID 34449326.
Biegański T, Braun R, Kusche J (1984). "N-methyl-N-formylhydrazine: a toxic and mutagenic inhibitor of the intestinal diamine oxidase". Agents and Actions. 14 (3–4): 351–5. doi:10.1007/BF01973825. PMID 6428190. S2CID 22859426.
Toth B, Nagel D (1978). "Tumors induced in mice by N-methyl-N-formylhydrazine of the false morel Gyromitra esculenta". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 60 (1): 201–04. doi:10.1093/jnci/60.1.201. PMID 628017.
Braun R, Greeff U, Netter KJ (1980). "Indications for nitrosamide formation from the mushroom poison gyromitrin by rat liver microsomes". Xenobiotica. 10 (7–8): 557–64. doi:10.3109/00498258009033790. PMID 7445522.
Braun R, Greeff U, Netter KJ (1979). "Liver injury by the false morel poison gyromitrin". Toxicology. 12 (2): 155–63. doi:10.1016/0300-483X(79)90042-8. PMID 473232.
Braun R, Kremer J, Rau H (1979). "Renal functional response to the mushroom poison gyromitrin". Toxicology. 13 (2): 187–96. doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(79)80022-0. PMID 42171.
Giusti GV, Carnevale A (1974). "A case of fatal poisoning by Gyromitra esculenta". Archives of Toxicology. 33 (1): 49–54. doi:10.1007/BF00297052. PMID 4480349. S2CID 6836725.
Hanrahan JP, Gordon MA (1984). "Mushroom poisoning. Case reports and a review of therapy". JAMA. 251 (8): 1057–61. doi:10.1001/jama.251.8.1057. PMID 6420582.
Köppel C (1993). "Clinical symptomatology and management of mushroom poisoning". Toxicon. 31 (12): 1513–40. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(93)90337-I. PMID 8146866.
Wright AV, Niskanen A, Pyysalo H, Korpela H (1981). "Amelioration of toxic effects of ethylidene gyromitrin (false morel poison) with pyridoxine chloride". Journal of Food Safety. 3 (3): 199–203. doi:10.1111/j.1745-4565.1981.tb00422.x.
Toth B, Erickson J (1977). "Reversal of the toxicity of hydrazine an analogues by pyridoxine hydrochloride". Toxicology. 7 (1): 31–36. doi:10.1016/0300-483X(77)90035-X. PMID 841582.
Kirklin JK, Watson M, Bondoc CC, Burke JF (1976). "Treatment of hydrazine-induced coma with pyridoxine". The New England Journal of Medicine. 294 (17): 938–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM197604222941708. PMID 815813.
Spencer, PS; Palmer, VS; Kisby, GE; Lagrange, E; Horowitz, BZ; Valdes Angues, R; Reis, J; Vernoux, JP; Raoul, C; Camu, W (2023). "Early-onset, conjugal, twin-discordant, and clusters of sporadic ALS: Pathway to discovery of etiology via lifetime exposome research". Frontiers in Neuroscience. 17: 1005096. doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1005096. PMC 9969898. PMID 36860617.
Toth B, Smith JW, Patil KD (1981). "Cancer induction in mice with acetaldehyde methylformylhydrazone of the false morel mushroom". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 67 (4): 881–87. doi:10.1093/jnci/67.4.881. PMID 6944556.
Toth B, Patil K, Erickson J, Kupper R (1979). "False morel mushroom Gyromitra esculenta toxin: N-methyl-N-formylhdrazine carcinogenesis in mice". Mycopathologia. 68 (2): 121–28. doi:10.1007/BF00441091. PMID 573857. S2CID 11914469.
Pyysalo H, Niskanen A (1977). "On the occurrence of N-methyl-N-formylhydrazones in fresh and processed false morel, Gyromitra esculenta". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 25 (3): 644–47. doi:10.1021/jf60211a006. PMID 558239.

elcargol.com

"Bolets". Revista el cargol. 2008. Archived from the original on 28 January 2007. Retrieved 8 June 2008.

evira.fi

"False morels must be accompanied by warning and handling instructions". The Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira. 11 May 2006. Archived from the original on 5 October 2007. Retrieved 4 March 2008.
"False Morel Fungi – poisonous when raw". The Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira. 2008. Archived from the original on 18 December 2007. Retrieved 4 March 2008.

gencat.cat

Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya. "Bolets" (in Catalan). Archived from the original on 8 March 2009. Retrieved 20 March 2009.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Cornish HH (1969). "The role of vitamin B6 in the toxicity of hydrazines". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 166 (1): 136–45. Bibcode:1969NYASA.166..136C. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb54264.x. hdl:2027.42/73785. PMID 5262010. S2CID 34449326.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Pyysalo H (1975). "Some new toxic compounds in false morels, Gyromitra esculenta". Naturwissenschaften. 62 (8): 395. Bibcode:1975NW.....62..395P. doi:10.1007/BF00625355. PMID 1238907. S2CID 178876.
Cornish HH (1969). "The role of vitamin B6 in the toxicity of hydrazines". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 166 (1): 136–45. Bibcode:1969NYASA.166..136C. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb54264.x. hdl:2027.42/73785. PMID 5262010. S2CID 34449326.

informaworld.com

pdfserve.informaworld.com

Balterowich L, Blaney B, White S (1996). "Acute hepatotoxicity following ingestion of Gyromitra esculenta(false morel) mushrooms" (PDF). Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology. 34 (5): 602. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 7 November 2008.

jstor.org

Dearness, J (1924). "Gyromitra poisoning". Mycologia. 16 (4): 143–176. doi:10.2307/3753381. JSTOR 3753381.
O'Donnell, Kerry; Cigelnik, Elizabeth; Weber, Nancy S.; Trappe, James M. (1997). "Phylogenetic relationships among ascomycetous truffles and the true and false morels inferred from 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis". Mycologia. 89 (1): 48–65. doi:10.2307/3761172. JSTOR 3761172.

lapinkeittiomestarit.fi

"Kevät on aikaa korvasienen ja väinönputken" (in Finnish). Lapin Keittiömestarit. Archived from the original on 26 May 2008. Retrieved 22 June 2008.

merriam-webster.com

"Gyromitra". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary., "esculent". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary..

mushroomexpert.com

Kuo M (January 2005). "Gyromitra esculenta". MushroomExpert.Com Web site. self. Retrieved 11 May 2008.

nifg.org.uk

"Northern Ireland's Herbarium Specimens". Northern Ireland Fungus Group. 2007. Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 6 March 2008.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Diaz JH (2005). "Syndromic diagnosis and management of confirmed mushroom poisonings". Critical Care Medicine. 33 (2): 427–36. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000153531.69448.49. PMID 15699849. S2CID 24492593.
Lampe KF (1979). "Toxic fungi". Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 19 (1): 85–104. doi:10.1146/annurev.pa.19.040179.000505. PMID 378111.
Karlson-Stiber C, Persson H (2003). "Cytotoxic fungi—an overview". Toxicon. 42 (4): 339–49. doi:10.1016/S0041-0101(03)00238-1. PMID 14505933.
Michelot D, Toth B (1991). "Poisoning by Gyromitra esculenta—a review". Journal of Applied Toxicology. 11 (4): 235–43. doi:10.1002/jat.2550110403. PMID 1939997. S2CID 7994829.
Leathem AM, Dorran TJ (2007). "Poisoning due to raw Gyromitra esculenta (false morels) west of the Rockies". Canadian Journal of Emergency Medical Care. 9 (2): 127–30. doi:10.1017/s1481803500014937. PMID 17391587.
List PH, Luft P (1968). "[Gyromitrin, the poison of Gyromitra esculenta. 16. On the fungi contents]". Archiv der Pharmazie (in German). 301 (4): 294–305. doi:10.1002/ardp.19683010410. PMID 5244383. S2CID 95372473.
Pyysalo H (1975). "Some new toxic compounds in false morels, Gyromitra esculenta". Naturwissenschaften. 62 (8): 395. Bibcode:1975NW.....62..395P. doi:10.1007/BF00625355. PMID 1238907. S2CID 178876.
Cornish HH (1969). "The role of vitamin B6 in the toxicity of hydrazines". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 166 (1): 136–45. Bibcode:1969NYASA.166..136C. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb54264.x. hdl:2027.42/73785. PMID 5262010. S2CID 34449326.
Biegański T, Braun R, Kusche J (1984). "N-methyl-N-formylhydrazine: a toxic and mutagenic inhibitor of the intestinal diamine oxidase". Agents and Actions. 14 (3–4): 351–5. doi:10.1007/BF01973825. PMID 6428190. S2CID 22859426.
Toth B, Nagel D (1978). "Tumors induced in mice by N-methyl-N-formylhydrazine of the false morel Gyromitra esculenta". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 60 (1): 201–04. doi:10.1093/jnci/60.1.201. PMID 628017.
Nagel, Donald; Wallcave, L.; Toth, Bela; Kupper, Robert (1977). "Formation of Methylhydrazine from Acetaldehyde N-Methyl-N-formylhydrazone, a Component of Gyromitra esculenta". Cancer Research. 37 (9): 3458–60. PMID 18281.
Braun R, Greeff U, Netter KJ (1980). "Indications for nitrosamide formation from the mushroom poison gyromitrin by rat liver microsomes". Xenobiotica. 10 (7–8): 557–64. doi:10.3109/00498258009033790. PMID 7445522.
Braun R, Greeff U, Netter KJ (1979). "Liver injury by the false morel poison gyromitrin". Toxicology. 12 (2): 155–63. doi:10.1016/0300-483X(79)90042-8. PMID 473232.
Braun R, Kremer J, Rau H (1979). "Renal functional response to the mushroom poison gyromitrin". Toxicology. 13 (2): 187–96. doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(79)80022-0. PMID 42171.
Giusti GV, Carnevale A (1974). "A case of fatal poisoning by Gyromitra esculenta". Archives of Toxicology. 33 (1): 49–54. doi:10.1007/BF00297052. PMID 4480349. S2CID 6836725.
Hanrahan JP, Gordon MA (1984). "Mushroom poisoning. Case reports and a review of therapy". JAMA. 251 (8): 1057–61. doi:10.1001/jama.251.8.1057. PMID 6420582.
Köppel C (1993). "Clinical symptomatology and management of mushroom poisoning". Toxicon. 31 (12): 1513–40. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(93)90337-I. PMID 8146866.
Toth B, Erickson J (1977). "Reversal of the toxicity of hydrazine an analogues by pyridoxine hydrochloride". Toxicology. 7 (1): 31–36. doi:10.1016/0300-483X(77)90035-X. PMID 841582.
Kirklin JK, Watson M, Bondoc CC, Burke JF (1976). "Treatment of hydrazine-induced coma with pyridoxine". The New England Journal of Medicine. 294 (17): 938–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM197604222941708. PMID 815813.
Horowitz, Keahi M.; Kong, Erwin L.; Horowitz, B. Zane (2023). "Gyromitra Mushroom Toxicity". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID 29262102.
Spencer, PS; Palmer, VS; Kisby, GE; Lagrange, E; Horowitz, BZ; Valdes Angues, R; Reis, J; Vernoux, JP; Raoul, C; Camu, W (2023). "Early-onset, conjugal, twin-discordant, and clusters of sporadic ALS: Pathway to discovery of etiology via lifetime exposome research". Frontiers in Neuroscience. 17: 1005096. doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1005096. PMC 9969898. PMID 36860617.
Toth B, Shimizu H (1973). "Methylhydrazine tumorigenesis in Syrian golden hamsters and the morphology of malignant histiocytomas". Cancer Research. 33 (11): 2744–53. PMID 4355982.
Toth B, Smith JW, Patil KD (1981). "Cancer induction in mice with acetaldehyde methylformylhydrazone of the false morel mushroom". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 67 (4): 881–87. doi:10.1093/jnci/67.4.881. PMID 6944556.
Toth B, Patil K, Pyysalo H, Stessman C, Gannett P (1992). "Cancer induction in mice by feeding the raw false morel mushroom Gyromitra esculenta". Cancer Research. 52 (8): 2279–84. PMID 1559231.
Toth B, Patil K, Erickson J, Kupper R (1979). "False morel mushroom Gyromitra esculenta toxin: N-methyl-N-formylhdrazine carcinogenesis in mice". Mycopathologia. 68 (2): 121–28. doi:10.1007/BF00441091. PMID 573857. S2CID 11914469.
Härkönen, M (1998). "Uses of mushrooms by Finns and Karelians". International Journal of Circumpolar Health. 57 (1): 40–55. PMID 9567575.
Pyysalo H, Niskanen A (1977). "On the occurrence of N-methyl-N-formylhydrazones in fresh and processed false morel, Gyromitra esculenta". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 25 (3): 644–47. doi:10.1021/jf60211a006. PMID 558239.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Horowitz, Keahi M.; Kong, Erwin L.; Horowitz, B. Zane (2023). "Gyromitra Mushroom Toxicity". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID 29262102.
Spencer, PS; Palmer, VS; Kisby, GE; Lagrange, E; Horowitz, BZ; Valdes Angues, R; Reis, J; Vernoux, JP; Raoul, C; Camu, W (2023). "Early-onset, conjugal, twin-discordant, and clusters of sporadic ALS: Pathway to discovery of etiology via lifetime exposome research". Frontiers in Neuroscience. 17: 1005096. doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1005096. PMC 9969898. PMID 36860617.

selcuk.edu.tr

egitim.selcuk.edu.tr

Türkoglu A, Alli H, Işiloğlu M, Yağiz D, Gezer K (February 2008). "Macrofungal diversity of Uşak province in Turkey" (PDF). Mycotaxon. 103: 1–11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2009. Retrieved 7 March 2008.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Diaz JH (2005). "Syndromic diagnosis and management of confirmed mushroom poisonings". Critical Care Medicine. 33 (2): 427–36. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000153531.69448.49. PMID 15699849. S2CID 24492593.
Michelot D, Toth B (1991). "Poisoning by Gyromitra esculenta—a review". Journal of Applied Toxicology. 11 (4): 235–43. doi:10.1002/jat.2550110403. PMID 1939997. S2CID 7994829.
List PH, Luft P (1968). "[Gyromitrin, the poison of Gyromitra esculenta. 16. On the fungi contents]". Archiv der Pharmazie (in German). 301 (4): 294–305. doi:10.1002/ardp.19683010410. PMID 5244383. S2CID 95372473.
Pyysalo H (1975). "Some new toxic compounds in false morels, Gyromitra esculenta". Naturwissenschaften. 62 (8): 395. Bibcode:1975NW.....62..395P. doi:10.1007/BF00625355. PMID 1238907. S2CID 178876.
Cornish HH (1969). "The role of vitamin B6 in the toxicity of hydrazines". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 166 (1): 136–45. Bibcode:1969NYASA.166..136C. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb54264.x. hdl:2027.42/73785. PMID 5262010. S2CID 34449326.
Biegański T, Braun R, Kusche J (1984). "N-methyl-N-formylhydrazine: a toxic and mutagenic inhibitor of the intestinal diamine oxidase". Agents and Actions. 14 (3–4): 351–5. doi:10.1007/BF01973825. PMID 6428190. S2CID 22859426.
Giusti GV, Carnevale A (1974). "A case of fatal poisoning by Gyromitra esculenta". Archives of Toxicology. 33 (1): 49–54. doi:10.1007/BF00297052. PMID 4480349. S2CID 6836725.
Toth B, Patil K, Erickson J, Kupper R (1979). "False morel mushroom Gyromitra esculenta toxin: N-methyl-N-formylhdrazine carcinogenesis in mice". Mycopathologia. 68 (2): 121–28. doi:10.1007/BF00441091. PMID 573857. S2CID 11914469.

slv.se

Andersson, Christer (2007). "Stenmurklan – olämplig att äta". Livsmedelsverket (National Food Administration) (in Swedish). Swedish National Food Administration. Archived from the original on 6 October 2007. Retrieved 7 March 2008.
Andersson, Christer (2007). "Stenmurkla – frågor och svar". Livsmedelsverket (National Food Administration) (in Swedish). Swedish National Food Administration. Archived from the original on 6 July 2012. Retrieved 4 March 2012.

speciesfungorum.org

"GSD Species Synonymy: Gyromitra esculenta (Pers.) Fr". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 29 September 2015.

tubitak.gov.tr

mistug.tubitak.gov.tr

Gezer K (2000). "Contributions to the Macrofungi Flora of Antalya Province". Turkish Journal of Botany. 24 (5): 293–98. Archived from the original on 23 March 2009. Retrieved 16 February 2008.

uninet.edu

tratado.uninet.edu

Palomar Martínez, M.; Piqueras Carrasco, J. (1999). "Intoxicaciones por setas (micetismos)". Archived from the original on 22 March 2009. Retrieved 20 March 2009.

web.archive.org

Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya. "Bolets" (in Catalan). Archived from the original on 8 March 2009. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
"Northern Ireland's Herbarium Specimens". Northern Ireland Fungus Group. 2007. Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 6 March 2008.
Türkoglu A, Alli H, Işiloğlu M, Yağiz D, Gezer K (February 2008). "Macrofungal diversity of Uşak province in Turkey" (PDF). Mycotaxon. 103: 1–11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2009. Retrieved 7 March 2008.
Gezer K (2000). "Contributions to the Macrofungi Flora of Antalya Province". Turkish Journal of Botany. 24 (5): 293–98. Archived from the original on 23 March 2009. Retrieved 16 February 2008.
Palomar Martínez, M.; Piqueras Carrasco, J. (1999). "Intoxicaciones por setas (micetismos)". Archived from the original on 22 March 2009. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
Balterowich L, Blaney B, White S (1996). "Acute hepatotoxicity following ingestion of Gyromitra esculenta(false morel) mushrooms" (PDF). Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology. 34 (5): 602. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 7 November 2008.
Andersson, Christer (2007). "Stenmurklan – olämplig att äta". Livsmedelsverket (National Food Administration) (in Swedish). Swedish National Food Administration. Archived from the original on 6 October 2007. Retrieved 7 March 2008.
Andersson, Christer (2007). "Stenmurkla – frågor och svar". Livsmedelsverket (National Food Administration) (in Swedish). Swedish National Food Administration. Archived from the original on 6 July 2012. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
"Bolets". Revista el cargol. 2008. Archived from the original on 28 January 2007. Retrieved 8 June 2008.
"False morels must be accompanied by warning and handling instructions". The Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira. 11 May 2006. Archived from the original on 5 October 2007. Retrieved 4 March 2008.
"Kevät on aikaa korvasienen ja väinönputken" (in Finnish). Lapin Keittiömestarit. Archived from the original on 26 May 2008. Retrieved 22 June 2008.
"False Morel Fungi – poisonous when raw". The Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira. 2008. Archived from the original on 18 December 2007. Retrieved 4 March 2008.

worldcat.org

North, Pamela (1967). Poisonous Plants and Fungi in colour. Blandford Press & Pharmacological Society of Great Britain. p. 109. OCLC 955264.
Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012). Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 394–395. ISBN 978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC 797915861.

worldwildlife.org

Drumeva-Dimcheva M, Gyosheva-Bogoeva M (1998). "Section One: Bulgaria's Biological Diversity – The Macromycetes Fungi of Bulgaria". Bulgaria's Biological Diversity: Conservation Status and Needs Assessment. Biodiversity Support Program (WWF, The Nature Conservancy, and World Resources Institute Consortium). Retrieved 6 March 2008.