HIV/AIDS denialism (English Wikipedia)

King, E (1996). "Isolated facts about HIV: A response to claims by AIDS dissidents that HIV doesn't exist". AIDS Treatment Update (40). Archived from the original on 20 April 2010.
Delaney, M (2005). "HIV, AIDS, and the distortion of science". Focus. Vol. 15, no. 6. pp. 1–6. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
"Manto again angers AIDS activists". AEGIS.com. South African Press Association. 8 June 2005. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 20 September 2006.

aegis.org

Mirken, B (2 February 2000). "Bad science: They once thought HIV was harmless. Now, they say, AIDS has forced them to reconsider". San Francisco Bay Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 April 2008. Retrieved 9 May 2008.
Hutchinson, AB; Begley, EB; et al. (2005). "Mistrust and conspiracy beliefs about HIV/AIDS among participants in minority gay pride events". 2005 National HIV Prevention Conference: Abstract TP-011. Archived from the original on 2 January 2008.

aidstruth.org

"AIDS Denialists Who Have Died". aidstruth.org. Archived from the original on 26 January 2010. Retrieved 15 June 2009.
Moore, John (16 May 2008). "How Immunoassays Work: The Curious Case of AIDS Denialist Roberto Giraldo and his Ignorance of the Basics". Aidstruth.org. Archived from the original on 6 July 2010. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
Sonnabend, J. "Statement by Joseph Sonnabend, M.D." aidstruth.org. Archived from the original on 17 May 2011. Retrieved 15 February 2011.
Nattrass, N. "AIDS, science and governance" (PDF). aidstruth.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 June 2006.

aras.ab.ca

"HIV/AIDS Rethinkers". Alberta Reappraising AIDS Society. 16 March 2000. Retrieved 17 February 2016.

archive.org

Epstein 1996, pp. 131–158.
Epstein 1996, pp. 118.
Burkett, Elinor (1995). "Ch. 2: Evidence to the Contrary". The Gravest Show on Earth: America in the Age of AIDS. Houghton Mifflin Company. pp. 53–76. ISBN 978-0-395-74537-3.

avert.org

"AIDS in South Africa: Treatment, transmission and the government". avert.org. 21 July 2015.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"Controversy dogs AIDS forum". BBC News. 10 July 2000. Retrieved 26 February 2007.

bhekisisa.org

Motsoaledi, Aaron (20 July 2016). "#AIDS2016: Health Minister Aaron Motsoaledi admits that 'key leaders were in denial'". Bhekisisa: Center for Health Journalism.

books.google.com

Kalichman 2009, p. 205. Kalichman, Seth (2009). Denying AIDS: Conspiracy Theories, Pseudoscience, and Human Tragedy. New York: Copernicus Books; Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-0-387-79476-1.
Kalichman 2009, p. 26. Kalichman, Seth (2009). Denying AIDS: Conspiracy Theories, Pseudoscience, and Human Tragedy. New York: Copernicus Books; Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-0-387-79476-1.
Kalichman 2009, p. 170. Kalichman, Seth (2009). Denying AIDS: Conspiracy Theories, Pseudoscience, and Human Tragedy. New York: Copernicus Books; Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-0-387-79476-1.
Bethell, T (2005). The Politically Incorrect Guide to Science. Regnery Publishing. pp. 105–122. ISBN 978-0-89526-031-4.
Kalichman 2009, pp. 50–53. Kalichman, Seth (2009). Denying AIDS: Conspiracy Theories, Pseudoscience, and Human Tragedy. New York: Copernicus Books; Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-0-387-79476-1.
Burkett, Elinor (1995). "Ch. 2: Evidence to the Contrary". The Gravest Show on Earth: America in the Age of AIDS. Houghton Mifflin Company. pp. 53–76. ISBN 978-0-395-74537-3.

boston.com

Harkavy, J (10 March 2006). "Nikolas Emerson, 11; Case led to legal fight over HIV". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 11 June 2009.

brisbanetimes.com.au

"Shadow of doubters". Brisbane Times. 5 May 2007. Archived from the original on 27 April 2009. Retrieved 11 June 2009.

cdc.gov

"Basic Information about HIV and AIDS". Centers for Disease Control. 11 August 2010. Retrieved 4 February 2011.

coverleaf.com

discover.coverleaf.com

Teresi, D (April 2011). "Lynn Margulis: Q & A". Discover Magazine. pp. 66–70. Archived from the original on 21 April 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2011.

csicop.org

Nattrass, N (2007). "AIDS Denialism vs. Science". Skeptical Inquirer. 31 (5).
Nattrass, N (July–August 2012). "The social and symbolic power of AIDS denialism". Skeptical Inquirer. 36: 34–8.

doi.org

Institute of Medicine (US) Committee for the Oversight of AIDS Activities (1988). Confronting AIDS: Update 1988. Institute of Medicine of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. doi:10.17226/771. ISBN 978-0-309-03879-9. PMID 25032454. …the evidence that HIV causes AIDS is scientifically conclusive.
Cohen, J (1994). "Duesberg and critics agree: Hemophilia is the best test". Science. 266 (5191): 1645–6. Bibcode:1994Sci...266.1645C. doi:10.1126/science.7992044. PMID 7992044.
Kalichman, SC (1 January 2014). "The Psychology of AIDS Denialism". European Psychologist. 19 (1): 13–22. doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000175.
"Denying science". Nat. Med. 12 (4): 369. 2006. doi:10.1038/nm0406-369. PMID 16598265. To support their ideas, some AIDS denialists have also misappropriated a scientific review in Nature Medicine which opens with this reasonable statement: "Despite considerable advances in HIV science in the past 20 years, the reason why HIV-1 infection is pathogenic is still debated."
Smith, TC; Novella, SP (August 2007). "HIV denial in the internet era". PLOS Medicine. 4 (8): e256. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040256. PMC 1949841. PMID 17713982.
Cohen, J (December 1994). "The Duesberg phenomenon" (PDF). Science. 266 (5191): 1642–4. Bibcode:1994Sci...266.1642C. doi:10.1126/science.7992043. PMID 7992043. Retrieved 22 June 2009.
Watson, J (2006). "Scientists, activists sue South Africa's AIDS 'denialists'". Nat. Med. 12 (1): 6. doi:10.1038/nm0106-6a. PMID 16397537. S2CID 3502309.
"The Durban Declaration". Nature. 406 (6791): 15–6. 2000. doi:10.1038/35017662. PMID 10894520. S2CID 205007392.
Chigwedere, P; Seage, GR; et al. (October 2008). "Estimating the lost benefits of antiretroviral drug use in South Africa". Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 49 (4): 410–15. doi:10.1097/QAI.0b013e31818a6cd5. PMID 19186354. S2CID 11458278.
Nattrass, N (February 2008). "AIDS and the scientific governance of medicine in post-Apartheid South Africa". African Affairs. 107 (427): 157–76. doi:10.1093/afraf/adm087.
Tang, MW; Shafer, RW (2012). "HIV-1 antiretroviral resistance: scientific principles and clinical applications". Drugs. 72 (9): e1–25. doi:10.2165/11633630-000000000-00000. PMC 3689909. PMID 22686620.
Barré-Sinoussi, F; Chermann, J; et al. (1983). "Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)". Science. 220 (4599): 868–71. Bibcode:1983Sci...220..868B. doi:10.1126/science.6189183. PMID 6189183.
Coffin, J; Haase, A; et al. (1986). "What to call the AIDS virus?". Nature. 321 (6065): 10. Bibcode:1986Natur.321...10.. doi:10.1038/321010a0. PMID 3010128.
Blattner, W; Gallo, RC; Temin, HM (1988). "HIV causes AIDS". Science. 241 (4865): 515–6. Bibcode:1988Sci...241..515B. doi:10.1126/science.3399881. PMID 3399881.
Duesberg, P (1988). "HIV is not the cause of AIDS". Science. 241 (4865): 514. Bibcode:1988Sci...241..514D. doi:10.1126/science.3399880. PMID 3399880.
Papadopulos-Eleopulos, E (1988). "Reappraisal of AIDS – Is the oxidation induced by the risk factors the primary cause?". Medical Hypotheses. 25 (3): 151–62. doi:10.1016/0306-9877(88)90053-9. PMID 3285143.
Booth, W (1989). "AIDS paper raises red flag at PNAS". Science. 243 (4892): 733. Bibcode:1989Sci...243..733B. doi:10.1126/science.2916121. PMID 2916121.
Root-Bernstein, R (1990). "Do we know the cause(s) of AIDS?". Perspectives in Biology and Medicine. 33 (4): 480–500. doi:10.1353/pbm.1990.0055. PMID 2216658. S2CID 40654958.
Maddox, J (1993). "Has Duesberg a right of reply?". Nature. 363 (6425): 109. Bibcode:1993Natur.363..109M. doi:10.1038/363109a0. PMID 8483492. S2CID 12103876.
Papadopulos-Eleopulos, E; Turner, VF; Papadimitriou, JM (1993). "Is a positive western blot proof of HIV infection?". Nature Biotechnology. 11 (6): 696–707. doi:10.1038/nbt0693-696. PMID 7763673. S2CID 31070551.
Baumann, E; Bethell, T; et al. (1995). "AIDS proposal. Group for the Scientific Reappraisal of the HIV/AIDS Hypothesis". Science. 267 (5200): 945–6. Bibcode:1995Sci...267..945B. doi:10.1126/science.7863334. PMID 7863335. S2CID 45222215.
Sabin, CA; Phillips, AN; Lee, CA (1996). "Response: Arguments contradict the "foreign protein-zidovudine" hypothesis". BMJ. 312 (7025): 211–2. doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7025.211. PMC 2350000. PMID 8563584.
Papadopulos-Eleopulos, E; Turner, VF; et al. (1997). "HIV antibodies: Further questions and a plea for clarification". Current Medical Research and Opinion. 13 (10): 627–34. doi:10.1185/03007999709113336. PMID 9327197.
Papadopulos-Eleopulos, E; Turner, VF; et al. (1998). "HIV antibody tests and viral load – More unanswered questions and a further plea for clarification". Current Medical Research and Opinion. 14 (3): 185–6. doi:10.1185/03007999809113358. PMID 9787984.
Papadopulos-Eleopulos, E; Turner, VF; et al. (2006). "No proof HIV antibodies are caused by a retroviral infection" (PDF). Letters to the Editor. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 18 (3): 308–10. doi:10.1111/j.1742-6723.2006.00859.x. PMID 16712545. S2CID 30164635.
Duesberg, PH; Nicholson, JM; et al. (19 July 2009). "WITHDRAWN: HIV-AIDS hypothesis out of touch with South African AIDS - A new perspective" (PDF). Medical Hypotheses. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2009.06.024. PMID 19619953.
Corbyn, Zöe (5 January 2012). "Paper denying HIV–AIDS link secures publication". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2012.9737. S2CID 154231868. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
McNeill, FG (1 July 2009). "'Condoms Cause Aids': Poison, Prevention and Denial in Venda, South Africa". African Affairs. 108 (432): 353–70. doi:10.1093/afraf/adp020. ISSN 0001-9909.
Butler, A (1 October 2005). "South Africa's HIV/AIDS policy, 1994–2004: How can it be explained?". African Affairs. 104 (417): 591–614. doi:10.1093/afraf/adi036. ISSN 0001-9909.
Duesberg, P (1989). "Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: Correlation but not causation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 86 (3): 755–64. Bibcode:1989PNAS...86..755D. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.3.755. PMC 286556. PMID 2644642.
Duesberg, P; Koehnlein, C; Rasnick, D (2003). "The chemical bases of the various AIDS epidemics: Recreational drugs, anti-viral chemotherapy and malnutrition". Journal of Biosciences. 28 (4): 383–412. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.610.3380. doi:10.1007/BF02705115. PMID 12799487. S2CID 56553.
O'Brien, SJ; Goedert, JJ (1996). "HIV causes AIDS: Koch's postulates fulfilled". Current Opinion in Immunology. 8 (5): 613–8. doi:10.1016/S0952-7915(96)80075-6. PMID 8902385.
Chigwedere, P; Essex, M (8 January 2010). "AIDS Denialism and Public Health Practice". AIDS and Behavior. 14 (2): 237–47. doi:10.1007/s10461-009-9654-7. PMID 20058063. S2CID 22822335.
Major studies confirming the benefits and effectiveness of modern anti-HIV therapy include, but are not limited to:
- Lima, V; Hogg, R; et al. (2007). "Continued improvement in survival among HIV-infected individuals with newer forms of highly active antiretroviral therapy". AIDS. 21 (6): 685–92. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e32802ef30c. PMID 17413689. S2CID 33450456.
- Schüklenk, U (2004). "Professional responsibilities of biomedical scientists in public discourse". J Med Ethics. 30 (1): 53–60, discussion 61–2. doi:10.1136/jme.2003.002980. PMC 1757140. PMID 14872076.
- Goertzel, T (2010). "Conspiracy theories in science". EMBO Reports. 11 (7): 493–499. doi:10.1038/embor.2010.84. PMC 2897118. PMID 20539311.
- Cohen, J (2007). "HIV/AIDS. AIDSTruth.org Web site takes aim at 'denialists'". Science. 316 (5831): 1554. doi:10.1126/science.316.5831.1554. PMID 17569834. S2CID 30223809.
- Gray, A (2012). "The Politics of AIDS Denialism: South Africa's Failure to Respond - By Pieter Fourie and Melissa Meyer". Political Studies Review (Book review). 10 (2): 309. doi:10.1111/j.1478-9302.2012.00269_2.x. S2CID 152031898.
- Booth, W (1988). "A rebel without a cause of AIDS". Science. 239 (4847): 1485–1488. Bibcode:1988Sci...239.1485B. doi:10.1126/science.3281251. PMID 3281251.
- Duesberg, PH (1989). "Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: Correlation but not causation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 86 (3): 755–64. Bibcode:1989PNAS...86..755D. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.3.755. PMC 286556. PMID 2644642.
- Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Cohort Collaboration; May, MT; et al. (2006). "HIV treatment response and prognosis in Europe and North America in the first decade of highly active antiretroviral therapy: A collaborative analysis". The Lancet. 368 (9534): 451–458. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69152-6. PMID 16890831. S2CID 53296958.
- Kalichman, SC; Eaton, L; Cherry, C (December 2010). "'There is no proof that HIV causes AIDS': AIDS denialism beliefs among people living with HIV/AIDS". Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 33 (6): 432–40. doi:10.1007/s10865-010-9275-7. PMC 3015095. PMID 20571892.
- Diethelm, P; McKee, M (16 October 2008). "Denialism: What is it and how should scientists respond?". The European Journal of Public Health. 19 (1): 2–4. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckn139. PMID 19158101.
- Grebe, E; Nattrass, N (April 2012). "AIDS conspiracy beliefs and unsafe sex in Cape Town". AIDS and Behavior. 16 (3): 761–73. doi:10.1007/s10461-011-9958-2. PMID 21538083. S2CID 25119054.
- Lippman, Sheri A; El Ayadi, Alison M; Grignon, Jessica S; Puren, Adrian; Liegler, Teri; Venter, W D Francois; Ratlhagana, Mary J; Morris, Jessica L; Naidoo, Evasen; Agnew, Emily; Barnhart, Scott; Shade, Starley B (12 June 2019). "Improvements in the South African HIV care cascade: findings on 90-90-90 targets from successive population-representative surveys in North West Province". Journal of the International AIDS Society. 22 (6): e25295. doi:10.1002/jia2.25295. ISSN 1758-2652. PMC 6562149. PMID 31190460.

duesberg.com

Duesberg, PH; Nicholson, JM; et al. (19 July 2009). "WITHDRAWN: HIV-AIDS hypothesis out of touch with South African AIDS - A new perspective" (PDF). Medical Hypotheses. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2009.06.024. PMID 19619953.
Duesberg, P; Ellison, BJ (Summer 1990). "Is the AIDS virus a science fiction". Policy Review. pp. 40–51.
Duesberg, P; Ellison, BJ (Fall 1990). "Is HIV the cause of AIDS?". Policy Review. pp. 70–83.

harpers.org

Farber, C (March 2006). "Out of control: AIDS and the corruption of medical science". Harper's Magazine. Archived from the original on 4 May 2009. Retrieved 11 June 2009.

hartford.edu

uhavax.hartford.edu

Bugl, P. "The Rise of HIV/AIDS". Department of Mathematics, University of Hartford. Archived from the original on 4 February 2007. Retrieved 22 January 2007.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Cohen, J (1994). "Duesberg and critics agree: Hemophilia is the best test". Science. 266 (5191): 1645–6. Bibcode:1994Sci...266.1645C. doi:10.1126/science.7992044. PMID 7992044.
Cohen, J (December 1994). "The Duesberg phenomenon" (PDF). Science. 266 (5191): 1642–4. Bibcode:1994Sci...266.1642C. doi:10.1126/science.7992043. PMID 7992043. Retrieved 22 June 2009.
Barré-Sinoussi, F; Chermann, J; et al. (1983). "Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)". Science. 220 (4599): 868–71. Bibcode:1983Sci...220..868B. doi:10.1126/science.6189183. PMID 6189183.
Coffin, J; Haase, A; et al. (1986). "What to call the AIDS virus?". Nature. 321 (6065): 10. Bibcode:1986Natur.321...10.. doi:10.1038/321010a0. PMID 3010128.
Blattner, W; Gallo, RC; Temin, HM (1988). "HIV causes AIDS". Science. 241 (4865): 515–6. Bibcode:1988Sci...241..515B. doi:10.1126/science.3399881. PMID 3399881.
Duesberg, P (1988). "HIV is not the cause of AIDS". Science. 241 (4865): 514. Bibcode:1988Sci...241..514D. doi:10.1126/science.3399880. PMID 3399880.
Booth, W (1989). "AIDS paper raises red flag at PNAS". Science. 243 (4892): 733. Bibcode:1989Sci...243..733B. doi:10.1126/science.2916121. PMID 2916121.
Maddox, J (1993). "Has Duesberg a right of reply?". Nature. 363 (6425): 109. Bibcode:1993Natur.363..109M. doi:10.1038/363109a0. PMID 8483492. S2CID 12103876.
Baumann, E; Bethell, T; et al. (1995). "AIDS proposal. Group for the Scientific Reappraisal of the HIV/AIDS Hypothesis". Science. 267 (5200): 945–6. Bibcode:1995Sci...267..945B. doi:10.1126/science.7863334. PMID 7863335. S2CID 45222215.
Duesberg, P (1989). "Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: Correlation but not causation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 86 (3): 755–64. Bibcode:1989PNAS...86..755D. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.3.755. PMC 286556. PMID 2644642.
Booth, W (1988). "A rebel without a cause of AIDS". Science. 239 (4847): 1485–1488. Bibcode:1988Sci...239.1485B. doi:10.1126/science.3281251. PMID 3281251.
Duesberg, PH (1989). "Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: Correlation but not causation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 86 (3): 755–64. Bibcode:1989PNAS...86..755D. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.3.755. PMC 286556. PMID 2644642.

health-e.org.za

Thom, A (21 August 2006). "Beetroot battle at world AIDS conference". Health-e.org.za. Archived from the original on 23 August 2007. Retrieved 9 March 2007.

healtoronto.com

"10 Scientific Reasons Why HIV Cannot Cause AIDS". HealToronto.com. Archived from the original on 6 August 2006. Retrieved 28 September 2006.

immunity.org.uk

"Immunity Resource Foundation (IRF)". IRF.

journaids.org

"The Politics of HIV/AIDS in South Africa". JournAIDS. HIV & AIDS Media Project. Archived from the original on 2 July 2007. Retrieved 26 February 2007.

kaisernetwork.org

"HIV Science and Responsible Journalism" (PDF). XVI International AIDS Conference. 13 August 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 June 2007. Retrieved 17 December 2008.

latimes.com

Gorman, A; Zavis, A (30 December 2008). "Christine Maggiore, vocal skeptic of AIDS research, dies at 52". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 31 December 2008. Retrieved 30 December 2008.
Ornstein, C; Costello, D (24 September 2005). "A mother's denial, a daughter's death". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 22 December 2008. Retrieved 29 December 2008.
Hennessy-Fiske, M (6 March 2009). "Suit settled on autopsy of HIV skeptics' child". Los Angeles Times.

mg.co.za

Blandy, Fran (16 August 2006). "'Dr Beetroot' hits back at media over Aids exhibition". Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 January 2007. Retrieved 20 September 2006.

motherjones.com

"Foo Fighters, HIV Deniers". Mother Jones. 25 February 2000. Archived from the original on 27 November 2006. Retrieved 21 October 2006.

nap.edu

books.nap.edu

Institute of Medicine (US) Committee for the Oversight of AIDS Activities (1988). Confronting AIDS: Update 1988. Institute of Medicine of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. doi:10.17226/771. ISBN 978-0-309-03879-9. PMID 25032454. …the evidence that HIV causes AIDS is scientifically conclusive.

nature.com

Corbyn, Zöe (5 January 2012). "Paper denying HIV–AIDS link secures publication". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2012.9737. S2CID 154231868. Retrieved 10 October 2016.

newhumanist.org.uk

Kalichman, S (November 2009). "How to spot an AIDS denialist". New Humanist.

newscientist.com

Steinberg, J (17 June 2009). "AIDS denial: A lethal delusion". New Scientist. 2713. Retrieved 14 October 2009.
Steinberg, J (23 June 2009). "Five myths about HIV and AIDS". New Scientist. Retrieved 4 February 2011.

newsweek.com

France, D (28 August 2000). "The HIV disbelievers: Christine Maggiore is a different kind of AIDS activist-one who tells people to forget safe sex and stop taking their lifesaving drugs. Why?". Newsweek.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Institute of Medicine (US) Committee for the Oversight of AIDS Activities (1988). Confronting AIDS: Update 1988. Institute of Medicine of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. doi:10.17226/771. ISBN 978-0-309-03879-9. PMID 25032454. …the evidence that HIV causes AIDS is scientifically conclusive.
Cohen, J (1994). "Duesberg and critics agree: Hemophilia is the best test". Science. 266 (5191): 1645–6. Bibcode:1994Sci...266.1645C. doi:10.1126/science.7992044. PMID 7992044.
"Denying science". Nat. Med. 12 (4): 369. 2006. doi:10.1038/nm0406-369. PMID 16598265. To support their ideas, some AIDS denialists have also misappropriated a scientific review in Nature Medicine which opens with this reasonable statement: "Despite considerable advances in HIV science in the past 20 years, the reason why HIV-1 infection is pathogenic is still debated."
Smith, TC; Novella, SP (August 2007). "HIV denial in the internet era". PLOS Medicine. 4 (8): e256. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040256. PMC 1949841. PMID 17713982.
Cohen, J (December 1994). "The Duesberg phenomenon" (PDF). Science. 266 (5191): 1642–4. Bibcode:1994Sci...266.1642C. doi:10.1126/science.7992043. PMID 7992043. Retrieved 22 June 2009.
Watson, J (2006). "Scientists, activists sue South Africa's AIDS 'denialists'". Nat. Med. 12 (1): 6. doi:10.1038/nm0106-6a. PMID 16397537. S2CID 3502309.
"The Durban Declaration". Nature. 406 (6791): 15–6. 2000. doi:10.1038/35017662. PMID 10894520. S2CID 205007392.
Chigwedere, P; Seage, GR; et al. (October 2008). "Estimating the lost benefits of antiretroviral drug use in South Africa". Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 49 (4): 410–15. doi:10.1097/QAI.0b013e31818a6cd5. PMID 19186354. S2CID 11458278.
Tang, MW; Shafer, RW (2012). "HIV-1 antiretroviral resistance: scientific principles and clinical applications". Drugs. 72 (9): e1–25. doi:10.2165/11633630-000000000-00000. PMC 3689909. PMID 22686620.
Barré-Sinoussi, F; Chermann, J; et al. (1983). "Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)". Science. 220 (4599): 868–71. Bibcode:1983Sci...220..868B. doi:10.1126/science.6189183. PMID 6189183.
Sarngadharan, MG; DeVico, AL; et al. (1984). "HTLV-III: The etiologic agent of AIDS". Int. Symp. Princess Takamatsu Cancer Res. Fund. 15: 301–8. PMID 6100648.
Schmidt, C (1984). "The group-fantasy origins of AIDS". Journal of Psychohistory. 12 (1): 37–78. PMID 11611586.
Coffin, J; Haase, A; et al. (1986). "What to call the AIDS virus?". Nature. 321 (6065): 10. Bibcode:1986Natur.321...10.. doi:10.1038/321010a0. PMID 3010128.
Duesberg, P (1987). "Retroviruses as carcinogens and pathogens: Expectations and reality". Cancer Research. 47 (5): 1199–220. PMID 3028606.
Blattner, W; Gallo, RC; Temin, HM (1988). "HIV causes AIDS". Science. 241 (4865): 515–6. Bibcode:1988Sci...241..515B. doi:10.1126/science.3399881. PMID 3399881.
Duesberg, P (1988). "HIV is not the cause of AIDS". Science. 241 (4865): 514. Bibcode:1988Sci...241..514D. doi:10.1126/science.3399880. PMID 3399880.
Papadopulos-Eleopulos, E (1988). "Reappraisal of AIDS – Is the oxidation induced by the risk factors the primary cause?". Medical Hypotheses. 25 (3): 151–62. doi:10.1016/0306-9877(88)90053-9. PMID 3285143.
Booth, W (1989). "AIDS paper raises red flag at PNAS". Science. 243 (4892): 733. Bibcode:1989Sci...243..733B. doi:10.1126/science.2916121. PMID 2916121.
Root-Bernstein, R (1990). "Do we know the cause(s) of AIDS?". Perspectives in Biology and Medicine. 33 (4): 480–500. doi:10.1353/pbm.1990.0055. PMID 2216658. S2CID 40654958.
Epstein, Steven (1996). Impure science: AIDS, activism, and the politics of knowledge. University of California Press. p. 143-144. ISBN 9780520214453. PMID 11619509. Retrieved 14 May 2024. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Maddox, J (1993). "Has Duesberg a right of reply?". Nature. 363 (6425): 109. Bibcode:1993Natur.363..109M. doi:10.1038/363109a0. PMID 8483492. S2CID 12103876.
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