Hacker (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Hacker" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

23web.archive.org

1^st place

6catb.org

3,959^th place

3,208^th place

5doi.org

2^nd place

3worldcat.org

5^th place

3etymonline.com

287^th place

321^st place

2bu.edu

2,120^th place

1,328^th place

2semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

2rfc-editor.org

6,184^th place

4,465^th place

2ietf.org

214^th place

176^th place

2technical.ly

low place

2mit.edu

415^th place

327^th place

1cnet.com

272^nd place

225^th place

1newyorker.com

146^th place

110^th place

1linguistlist.org

9,245^th place

6,554^th place

1imranontech.com

low place

1digital.gov

low place

1wired.com

193^rd place

152^nd place

1ca.gov

421^st place

263^rd place

1archives.gov

446^th place

308^th place

1arstechnica.com

388^th place

265^th place

1nbcphiladelphia.com

7,051^st place

4,002^nd place

1pctools.com

low place

1cmu.edu

1,564^th place

1,028^th place

1gnu.org

1,475^th place

1,188^th place

1edn.com

low place

6,771^st place

1cnn.com

28^th place

26^th place

archives.gov (Global: 446^th place; English: 308^th place)

obamawhitehouse.archives.gov

* Abegail (2016-06-04). "Join Us for National Day of Civic Hacking". California Health and Human Services. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
- "Open Data and Innovation at the National Day of Civic Hacking 2016". whitehouse.gov. 2016-06-03. Archived from the original on 2023-06-02. Retrieved 2023-11-03.

arstechnica.com (Global: 388^th place; English: 265^th place)

* Gallagher, Sean (2015-02-25). "Bus pass: Civic hackers open transit data MTA said would cost too much to share". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 2023-11-03. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
- Babcock, Stephen (2015-02-25). "Thanks to civic hackers, a Montreal company just made Baltimore's bus system more usable". Technical.ly. Archived from the original on 2023-11-03. Retrieved 2023-11-03.

bu.edu (Global: 2,120^th place; English: 1,328^th place)

scholarship.law.bu.edu

Ghappour, Ahmed (2017-01-01). "Tallinn, Hacking, and Customary International Law". AJIL Unbound. 111: 224–228. doi:10.1017/aju.2017.59. ISSN 2398-7723. S2CID 158071009. Archived from the original on 2021-04-20. Retrieved 2020-09-06.
Ghappour, Ahmed (2017-04-01). "Searching Places Unknown: Law Enforcement Jurisdiction on the Dark Web". Stanford Law Review. 69 (4): 1075. Archived from the original on 2021-04-20. Retrieved 2020-09-06.

ca.gov (Global: 421^st place; English: 263^rd place)

chhs.ca.gov

* Abegail (2016-06-04). "Join Us for National Day of Civic Hacking". California Health and Human Services. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
- "Open Data and Innovation at the National Day of Civic Hacking 2016". whitehouse.gov. 2016-06-03. Archived from the original on 2023-06-02. Retrieved 2023-11-03.

catb.org (Global: 3,959^th place; English: 3,208^th place)

Raymond, Eric (25 August 2000). "The Early Hackers". A Brief History of Hackerdom. Thyrsus Enterprises. Archived from the original on 10 October 2008. Retrieved 6 December 2008.
phreaking. The Jargon Lexicon. Archived from the original on 2008-09-21. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
cracker. The Jargon Lexicon. Archived from the original on 2008-09-15. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
Part III. Appendices. The Jargon Lexicon. Archived from the original on 2008-09-13. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
A Story About 'Magic'. The Jargon Lexicon. Archived from the original on 2008-09-13. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
Part III. Appendices. The Jargon Lexicon. Archived from the original on 2008-09-13. Retrieved 2008-10-18.

cmu.edu (Global: 1,564^th place; English: 1,028^th place)

ece.cmu.edu

Thompson, Ken (August 1984). "Reflections on Trusting Trust" (PDF). Communications of the ACM. 27 (8): 761. doi:10.1145/358198.358210. S2CID 34854438. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2007-09-24. Retrieved 2007-08-24.

cnet.com (Global: 272^nd place; English: 225^th place)

Skillings, Jon (27 May 2020). "In '95, these people defined tech: Gates, Bezos, Mitnick and more". CNET. Archived from the original on 28 May 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2020. The term "hacker" started out with a benign definition: It described computer programmers who were especially adept at solving technical problems. By the mid-1990s, however, it was widely used to refer to those who turned their skills toward breaking into computers, whether for mild mischief or criminal gain. Which brings us to Kevin Mitnick.

cnn.com (Global: 28^th place; English: 26^th place)

tech.fortune.cnn.com

DuBois, Shelley. "A who's who of hackers". Reporter. Fortune Magazine. Archived from the original on June 19, 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2011.

digital.gov (Global: low place; English: low place)

* "What is a Civic Hacker?". Digital.gov. 2013-05-15. Archived from the original on 2023-11-03. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
- Finley, Klint. "White House, NASA Celebrate National Day of Hacking". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Archived from the original on 2023-11-03. Retrieved 2023-11-03.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Ghappour, Ahmed (2017-01-01). "Tallinn, Hacking, and Customary International Law". AJIL Unbound. 111: 224–228. doi:10.1017/aju.2017.59. ISSN 2398-7723. S2CID 158071009. Archived from the original on 2021-04-20. Retrieved 2020-09-06.
G. Malkin, ed. (August 1996). Internet Users' Glossary. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC1983. FYI 18. RFC 1983. Informational. Obsoletes RFC 1392.
Samuel Chng; Han Yu Lu; Ayush Kumar; David Yau (Mar 2022). "Hacker types, motivations and strategies: A comprehensive framework". Computers in Human Behavior Reports. 5. doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2022.100167. ISSN 2451-9588.
G. Malkin; T. LaQuey Parker, eds. (January 1993). Internet Users' Glossary. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC1392. FYI 18. RFC 1392. Informational. Obsoleted by RFC 1983
Thompson, Ken (August 1984). "Reflections on Trusting Trust" (PDF). Communications of the ACM. 27 (8): 761. doi:10.1145/358198.358210. S2CID 34854438. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2007-09-24. Retrieved 2007-08-24.

edn.com (Global: low place; English: 6,771^st place)

Deffree, Suzanne (2019-09-05). "EDN - 'Hacker' is used by mainstream media, September 5, 1983". EDN. Archived from the original on 2020-04-29. Retrieved 2020-09-07.

etymonline.com (Global: 287^th place; English: 321^st place)

"Hacker - Etymology, Origin & Meaning". www.etymonline.com. Etymonline. Retrieved 14 June 2025.
"Hack - Etymology, Origin & Meaning". www.etymonline.com. Etymonline. Retrieved 14 June 2025.
"*keg- - Etymology, Origin & Meaning". www.etymonline.com. Etymonline. Retrieved 14 June 2025.

gnu.org (Global: 1,475^th place; English: 1,188^th place)

Richard Stallman (2002). "The Hacker Community and Ethics: An Interview with Richard M. Stallman". GNU Project. Archived from the original on 2021-03-07. Retrieved 2008-10-18.

ietf.org (Global: 214^th place; English: 176^th place)

datatracker.ietf.org

G. Malkin, ed. (August 1996). Internet Users' Glossary. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC1983. FYI 18. RFC 1983. Informational. Obsoletes RFC 1392.
G. Malkin; T. LaQuey Parker, eds. (January 1993). Internet Users' Glossary. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC1392. FYI 18. RFC 1392. Informational. Obsoleted by RFC 1983

imranontech.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Origin of "Hacker"". April 1, 2008. Archived from the original on March 4, 2021. Retrieved March 1, 2021.

linguistlist.org (Global: 9,245^th place; English: 6,554^th place)

listserv.linguistlist.org

Fred Shapiro: Antedating of "Hacker" Archived 2007-10-25 at the Wayback Machine. American Dialect Society Mailing List (13. June 2003)

mit.edu (Global: 415^th place; English: 327^th place)

slice.mit.edu

London, Jay (6 April 2015). "Happy 60th Birthday to the Word "Hack"". Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2016.

tmrc.mit.edu

"TMRC site". Archived from the original on 2006-05-03.

nbcphiladelphia.com (Global: 7,051^st place; English: 4,002^nd place)

* Lattanzio, Vince (2014-01-20). "Frustrated Over Late SEPTA Trains, Software Developer Creates App Proposing Better Schedules". Archived from the original on 2023-11-20. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
- Reyes, Juliana (2014-01-09). "This app shows you how often SEPTA Regional Rail is late (with fixes)". Archived from the original on 2023-12-04. Retrieved 2023-11-20.

newyorker.com (Global: 146^th place; English: 110^th place)

Yagoda, Ben. "A Short History of "Hack"". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on November 10, 2015. Retrieved November 3, 2015.

pctools.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"What are crackers and hackers? | Security News". www.pctools.com. Archived from the original on May 15, 2011. Retrieved 2016-09-10.

rfc-editor.org (Global: 6,184^th place; English: 4,465^th place)

G. Malkin, ed. (August 1996). Internet Users' Glossary. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC1983. FYI 18. RFC 1983. Informational. Obsoletes RFC 1392.
G. Malkin; T. LaQuey Parker, eds. (January 1993). Internet Users' Glossary. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC1392. FYI 18. RFC 1392. Informational. Obsoleted by RFC 1983

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Ghappour, Ahmed (2017-01-01). "Tallinn, Hacking, and Customary International Law". AJIL Unbound. 111: 224–228. doi:10.1017/aju.2017.59. ISSN 2398-7723. S2CID 158071009. Archived from the original on 2021-04-20. Retrieved 2020-09-06.
Thompson, Ken (August 1984). "Reflections on Trusting Trust" (PDF). Communications of the ACM. 27 (8): 761. doi:10.1145/358198.358210. S2CID 34854438. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2007-09-24. Retrieved 2007-08-24.

technical.ly (Global: low place; English: low place)

* Gallagher, Sean (2015-02-25). "Bus pass: Civic hackers open transit data MTA said would cost too much to share". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 2023-11-03. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
- Babcock, Stephen (2015-02-25). "Thanks to civic hackers, a Montreal company just made Baltimore's bus system more usable". Technical.ly. Archived from the original on 2023-11-03. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
- * Lattanzio, Vince (2014-01-20). "Frustrated Over Late SEPTA Trains, Software Developer Creates App Proposing Better Schedules". Archived from the original on 2023-11-20. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  - Reyes, Juliana (2014-01-09). "This app shows you how often SEPTA Regional Rail is late (with fixes)". Archived from the original on 2023-12-04. Retrieved 2023-11-20.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Ghappour, Ahmed (2017-01-01). "Tallinn, Hacking, and Customary International Law". AJIL Unbound. 111: 224–228. doi:10.1017/aju.2017.59. ISSN 2398-7723. S2CID 158071009. Archived from the original on 2021-04-20. Retrieved 2020-09-06.
Ghappour, Ahmed (2017-04-01). "Searching Places Unknown: Law Enforcement Jurisdiction on the Dark Web". Stanford Law Review. 69 (4): 1075. Archived from the original on 2021-04-20. Retrieved 2020-09-06.
Skillings, Jon (27 May 2020). "In '95, these people defined tech: Gates, Bezos, Mitnick and more". CNET. Archived from the original on 28 May 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2020. The term "hacker" started out with a benign definition: It described computer programmers who were especially adept at solving technical problems. By the mid-1990s, however, it was widely used to refer to those who turned their skills toward breaking into computers, whether for mild mischief or criminal gain. Which brings us to Kevin Mitnick.
Yagoda, Ben. "A Short History of "Hack"". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on November 10, 2015. Retrieved November 3, 2015.
Fred Shapiro: Antedating of "Hacker" Archived 2007-10-25 at the Wayback Machine. American Dialect Society Mailing List (13. June 2003)
"The Origin of "Hacker"". April 1, 2008. Archived from the original on March 4, 2021. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
* "What is a Civic Hacker?". Digital.gov. 2013-05-15. Archived from the original on 2023-11-03. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
- Finley, Klint. "White House, NASA Celebrate National Day of Hacking". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Archived from the original on 2023-11-03. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
- * Abegail (2016-06-04). "Join Us for National Day of Civic Hacking". California Health and Human Services. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
  - "Open Data and Innovation at the National Day of Civic Hacking 2016". whitehouse.gov. 2016-06-03. Archived from the original on 2023-06-02. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
  - * Gallagher, Sean (2015-02-25). "Bus pass: Civic hackers open transit data MTA said would cost too much to share". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 2023-11-03. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
    - Babcock, Stephen (2015-02-25). "Thanks to civic hackers, a Montreal company just made Baltimore's bus system more usable". Technical.ly. Archived from the original on 2023-11-03. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
    - * Lattanzio, Vince (2014-01-20). "Frustrated Over Late SEPTA Trains, Software Developer Creates App Proposing Better Schedules". Archived from the original on 2023-11-20. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
      - Reyes, Juliana (2014-01-09). "This app shows you how often SEPTA Regional Rail is late (with fixes)". Archived from the original on 2023-12-04. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
      - "What are crackers and hackers? | Security News". www.pctools.com. Archived from the original on May 15, 2011. Retrieved 2016-09-10.
      - London, Jay (6 April 2015). "Happy 60th Birthday to the Word "Hack"". Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
      - Raymond, Eric (25 August 2000). "The Early Hackers". A Brief History of Hackerdom. Thyrsus Enterprises. Archived from the original on 10 October 2008. Retrieved 6 December 2008.
      - phreaking. The Jargon Lexicon. Archived from the original on 2008-09-21. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
      - cracker. The Jargon Lexicon. Archived from the original on 2008-09-15. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
      - Thompson, Ken (August 1984). "Reflections on Trusting Trust" (PDF). Communications of the ACM. 27 (8): 761. doi:10.1145/358198.358210. S2CID 34854438. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2007-09-24. Retrieved 2007-08-24.
      - Richard Stallman (2002). "The Hacker Community and Ethics: An Interview with Richard M. Stallman". GNU Project. Archived from the original on 2021-03-07. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
      - Part III. Appendices. The Jargon Lexicon. Archived from the original on 2008-09-13. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
      - A Story About 'Magic'. The Jargon Lexicon. Archived from the original on 2008-09-13. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
      - Part III. Appendices. The Jargon Lexicon. Archived from the original on 2008-09-13. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
      - Deffree, Suzanne (2019-09-05). "EDN - 'Hacker' is used by mainstream media, September 5, 1983". EDN. Archived from the original on 2020-04-29. Retrieved 2020-09-07.
      - DuBois, Shelley. "A who's who of hackers". Reporter. Fortune Magazine. Archived from the original on June 19, 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
      - "TMRC site". Archived from the original on 2006-05-03.

wired.com (Global: 193^rd place; English: 152^nd place)

* "What is a Civic Hacker?". Digital.gov. 2013-05-15. Archived from the original on 2023-11-03. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
- Finley, Klint. "White House, NASA Celebrate National Day of Hacking". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Archived from the original on 2023-11-03. Retrieved 2023-11-03.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Ghappour, Ahmed (2017-01-01). "Tallinn, Hacking, and Customary International Law". AJIL Unbound. 111: 224–228. doi:10.1017/aju.2017.59. ISSN 2398-7723. S2CID 158071009. Archived from the original on 2021-04-20. Retrieved 2020-09-06.
Samuel Chng; Han Yu Lu; Ayush Kumar; David Yau (Mar 2022). "Hacker types, motivations and strategies: A comprehensive framework". Computers in Human Behavior Reports. 5. doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2022.100167. ISSN 2451-9588.
* "What is a Civic Hacker?". Digital.gov. 2013-05-15. Archived from the original on 2023-11-03. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
- Finley, Klint. "White House, NASA Celebrate National Day of Hacking". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Archived from the original on 2023-11-03. Retrieved 2023-11-03.

Hacker (English Wikipedia)

archives.gov (Global: 446th place; English: 308th place)

obamawhitehouse.archives.gov

arstechnica.com (Global: 388th place; English: 265th place)

bu.edu (Global: 2,120th place; English: 1,328th place)

scholarship.law.bu.edu

ca.gov (Global: 421st place; English: 263rd place)

chhs.ca.gov

catb.org (Global: 3,959th place; English: 3,208th place)

cmu.edu (Global: 1,564th place; English: 1,028th place)

ece.cmu.edu

cnet.com (Global: 272nd place; English: 225th place)

cnn.com (Global: 28th place; English: 26th place)

tech.fortune.cnn.com

digital.gov (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

edn.com (Global: low place; English: 6,771st place)

etymonline.com (Global: 287th place; English: 321st place)

gnu.org (Global: 1,475th place; English: 1,188th place)

ietf.org (Global: 214th place; English: 176th place)

datatracker.ietf.org

imranontech.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

linguistlist.org (Global: 9,245th place; English: 6,554th place)

listserv.linguistlist.org

mit.edu (Global: 415th place; English: 327th place)

slice.mit.edu

tmrc.mit.edu

nbcphiladelphia.com (Global: 7,051st place; English: 4,002nd place)

newyorker.com (Global: 146th place; English: 110th place)

pctools.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

rfc-editor.org (Global: 6,184th place; English: 4,465th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

technical.ly (Global: low place; English: low place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

wired.com (Global: 193rd place; English: 152nd place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

search.worldcat.org

archives.gov (Global: 446^th place; English: 308^th place)

arstechnica.com (Global: 388^th place; English: 265^th place)

bu.edu (Global: 2,120^th place; English: 1,328^th place)

ca.gov (Global: 421^st place; English: 263^rd place)

catb.org (Global: 3,959^th place; English: 3,208^th place)

cmu.edu (Global: 1,564^th place; English: 1,028^th place)

cnet.com (Global: 272^nd place; English: 225^th place)

cnn.com (Global: 28^th place; English: 26^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

edn.com (Global: low place; English: 6,771^st place)

etymonline.com (Global: 287^th place; English: 321^st place)

gnu.org (Global: 1,475^th place; English: 1,188^th place)

ietf.org (Global: 214^th place; English: 176^th place)

linguistlist.org (Global: 9,245^th place; English: 6,554^th place)

mit.edu (Global: 415^th place; English: 327^th place)

nbcphiladelphia.com (Global: 7,051^st place; English: 4,002^nd place)

newyorker.com (Global: 146^th place; English: 110^th place)

rfc-editor.org (Global: 6,184^th place; English: 4,465^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wired.com (Global: 193^rd place; English: 152^nd place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)