Haitian Revolution (English Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Haitian Revolution" in English language version.
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aeon.co
- "Why Haiti should be at the centre of the Age of Revolution – Laurent Dubois". Aeon Essays. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
alexanderstreet.com
- Jones, Jacquie (1998). "Brotherly Love (1776-1834)". Africans in America: America's Journey Through Slavery. Episode 3. WGBH Educational Foundation. 8:00 minutes in. WGBH. Transcript. Retrieved September 19, 2020 – via Alexander Street Press.
All of the American newspapers covered events in Saint-Domingue in a great deal of detail. All Americans understood what was happening there. It wasn't that the revolution in Saint-Domingue taught mainland slaves to be rebellious or to resist their bondage. They had always done so, typically as individuals who stole themselves and ran away, sometimes in small groups, who tried to get to the frontier and build maroon colonies and rebuild African societies. But the revolutionaries in Saint-Domingue, led by Toussaint Louverture, were not trying to pull down the power of their absentee masters, but join those masters on an equal footing in the Atlantic World. And the revolt in Haiti reminded American slaves, who were still enthusiastic about the promise of 1776, that not only could liberty be theirs if they were brave enough to try for it, but that equality with the master class might be theirs if they were brave enough to try. For black Americans, this was a terribly exciting moment, a moment of great inspiration. And for the southern planter class, it was a moment of enormous terror.
[permanent dead link] See also Africans in America: America's Journey Through Slavery: Brotherly Love (1776–1834) at IMDb .
ambafrance.org
ht.ambafrance.org
- "La première ambassade française en Haïti". Menu Contenu Plan du siteAmbassade de France à Port-au-Prince (in French). Government of France. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
archive.org
- Adam Hochschild (2005). Bury the Chains. Houghton Mifflin. p. 257.
- Rogozinski, Jan (1999). A Brief History of the Caribbean (Revised ed.). New York: Facts on File. pp. 85, 116–17, 164–65. ISBN 978-0-8160-3811-4.
- Bonham C. Richardson (1992). The Caribbean in the Wider World, 1492–1992 A Regional Geography. Cambridge University Press. p. 166. ISBN 978-0-521-35977-1.
- Rogozinski, Jan (1999). A Brief History of the Caribbean (Revised ed.). New York: Facts on File, Inc. pp. 164–165. ISBN 978-0-8160-3811-4.
- James 1989, p. 17. James, Cyril Lionel Robert (1989). The Black Jacobins: Toussaint Louverture and the San Domingo Revolution (2nd ed.). Vintage. ISBN 978-0-679-72467-4.
- James 1989, p. 29. James, Cyril Lionel Robert (1989). The Black Jacobins: Toussaint Louverture and the San Domingo Revolution (2nd ed.). Vintage. ISBN 978-0-679-72467-4.
- Knight, Franklin W. (1990). The Caribbean The Genesis of a Fragmented Nationalism (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 204–208. ISBN 978-0-19-505441-5.
- Langley, Lester (1996). The Americas in the Age of Revolution, 1750–1850. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 110. ISBN 978-0300066135.
- James 1989, pp. 73–74. James, Cyril Lionel Robert (1989). The Black Jacobins: Toussaint Louverture and the San Domingo Revolution (2nd ed.). Vintage. ISBN 978-0-679-72467-4.
- James 1989, pp. 141–142. James, Cyril Lionel Robert (1989). The Black Jacobins: Toussaint Louverture and the San Domingo Revolution (2nd ed.). Vintage. ISBN 978-0-679-72467-4.
- Steward, Theophilus Gould (1914). The Haitian Revolution, 1791 to 1804: Or, Side Lights on the French Revolution (2nd ed.). Crowell. p. 241. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
- Knight, Franklin W. (1990). The Caribbean The Genesis of a Fragmented Nationalism (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 212. ISBN 978-0-19-505441-5.
- Rasmussen, Daniel (2011). American Uprising: The Untold Story of America's Largest Slave Revolt. HarperCollins. p. 288. ISBN 978-0061995217.
archive.today
bbc.co.uk
- Melbourne, Kamali (31 October 2005). "Caribbean Passion : Haiti 1804". BBC Nottingham. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
blackpast.org
- Blackpast.com [2], Haitian Revolution 1791–1804
- "Haitian Revolution (1791–1804) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed". www.blackpast.org. 16 July 2007. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
books.google.com
- Bongie, Chris (2008). Friends and Enemies: The Scribal Politics of Post/colonial Literature. Liverpool, UK: Liverpool University Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-1846311420.
- Bryan 1984, p. 23. Bryan, Patrick E. (1984). The Haitian Revolution and Its Effects. Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-435-98301-7.
- Susan Buck-Morss (2009). Hegel, Haiti, and Universal History. University of Pittsburgh Pre. pp. 75–. ISBN 978-0-8229-7334-8.
- Riccardo Orizio (2000). Lost White Tribes: The End of Privilege and the Last Colonials in Sri Lanka, Jamaica, Brazil, Haiti, Namibia, and Guadeloupe. Simon and Schuster. pp. 159–. ISBN 978-0-7432-1197-0.
- Abbott, Elizabeth (2011). Haiti: A Shattered Nation. Overlook. ISBN 978-1468301601. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
- Girard 2011, p. [page needed]. Girard, Philippe R. (2011). The Slaves Who Defeated Napoleon: Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian War of Independence, 1801–1804. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0817317324.
- Robert C. Smith (2003). Encyclopedia of African American Politics. Infobase Publishing. p. 166. ISBN 978-1-4381-3019-4.
- Girard 2011, pp. 179–180. Girard, Philippe R. (2011). The Slaves Who Defeated Napoleon: Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian War of Independence, 1801–1804. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0817317324.
- Clodfelter, Micheal (23 May 2017). Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015, 4th ed. McFarland. ISBN 9780786474707.
French losses from 1830–51 were 3,336 killed in battle and 92,329 died of wounds or from all other causes. Between 1830 and 1870, 411 French officers were killed and 1,360 were wounded. The toll for the ranks was an estimated 10,000 killed and 35,000 wounded in all French colonial campaigns. A few thousand from this number died in Mexico or Indochina, but the great bulk met their deaths in Algeria. Disease took an even greater toll. One estimate puts total French and Foreign Legion deaths from battle and disease for the entire century at 110,000.
- Newton, Michael (2014). Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 110. ISBN 978-1610692861. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
- Findlay, George Gillanders; Holdsworth, William West (1921). "The History of the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society, Volume 2". Epworth Press. p. 258. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
- Land, Isaac (2008). Enemies of Humanity: The Nineteenth-Century War on Terrorism. Springer. p. 59. ISBN 978-0230612549. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
- Girard 2011, pp. 321–322. Girard, Philippe R. (2011). The Slaves Who Defeated Napoleon: Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian War of Independence, 1801–1804. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0817317324.
- Girard 2011, p. 322. Girard, Philippe R. (2011). The Slaves Who Defeated Napoleon: Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian War of Independence, 1801–1804. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0817317324.
- Girard 2011, p. 325. Girard, Philippe R. (2011). The Slaves Who Defeated Napoleon: Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian War of Independence, 1801–1804. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0817317324.
- Jenson, Deborah (2011). Beyond the Slave Narrative: Politics, Sex, and Manuscripts in the Haitian Revolution. Liverpool University Press. ISBN 978-1-84631-497-1.
- James A. Henretta; et al. (2011). America's History, Volume 1: To 1877. Bedford/St. Martin's. p. 220. ISBN 978-0312387914.
- Dubois, Laurent (2012). Haiti: The Aftershocks of History. New York: Henry Holt and Company. p. 151. ISBN 978-0-8050-9335-3.
britannica.com
- "Hispaniola Article". Britannica.com. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
brown.edu
- Ghachem, Malick W.; Danforth, Susan. "The Other Revolution". John Carter Brown Library. Brown University. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
countrystudies.us
- "Dominican Republic – Haiti and Santo Domingo". Country Studies. Library of Congress; Federal Research Division.
doi.org
- Franklin W. Knight (February 2000). "The Haitian Revolution". The American Historical Review. 105 (1): 103–115. doi:10.2307/2652438. JSTOR 2652438.
- Taber, Robert D. (2015). "Navigating Haiti's History: Saint-Domingue and the Haitian Revolution". History Compass. 13 (5): 235–250. doi:10.1111/hic3.12233.
- Dapía, Silvia G. (2012). "The Polish Presence in Latin America: An Introduction". Polish American Studies. 69 (1). University of Illinois Press: 5–8. doi:10.2307/41440998. JSTOR 41440998. S2CID 254441853.
- Parry, Tyler D.; Yingling, Charlton W. (1 February 2020). "Slave Hounds and Abolition in the Americas". Past & Present. 246 (1): 69–108. doi:10.1093/pastj/gtz020. ISSN 0031-2746.
- Braziel, Jana Evans (2005). "Remembering Defilee: Dedee Baziles as Revolutionary Lieu de Memoire". Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism. 9 (2): 57–85. doi:10.1215/-9-2-57.
- Girard, Philippe (2009). "Rebelles with a Cause: Women in the Haitian War of Independence, 1802–1804". Gender and History. 21 (1): 60–85. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0424.2009.01535.x. S2CID 55603536.
- McAlister, Elizabeth (1 June 2012). "From Slave Revolt to a Blood Pact with Satan: The Evangelical Rewriting of Haitian History". Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses. 41 (2): 187–215. doi:10.1177/0008429812441310. ISSN 0008-4298. S2CID 145382199.
drive.google.com
- Franklin W. Knight (February 2000). "The Haitian Revolution". The American Historical Review. 105 (1): 103–115. doi:10.2307/2652438. JSTOR 2652438.
- Joseph, Celucien L. (2012). "'The Haitian Turn': An Appraisal of Recent Literary and Historiographical Works on the Haitian Revolution". Journal of Pan African Studies. 5 (6): 37–55.
- Philip James Kaisary (2008). The Literary Impact of the Haitian Revolution, PhD dissertation. University of Warwick. pp. 8–10.
- "Dessaliness Proclamation: Liberty or Death". News Article. NY. New York Commercial Advertiser. 24 March 1804. p. 3. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
foreignaffairs.com
- Du Bois, W. E. Burghardt (July 1943). "The Realities in Africa: European Profit or Negro Development?". Foreign Affairs. Vol. 21, no. 4. ISSN 0015-7120.
The rise of liberal and philanthropic thought in the latter part of the eighteenth century accounts, of course, for no little of the growth of opposition to slavery and the slave trade; but it accounts for only a part of it. Other and dominant factors were the diminishing returns of the African slave trade itself, the bankruptcy of the West Indian sugar economy through the Haitian revolution, the interference of Napoleon and the competition of Spain. Without this pressure of economic forces, Parliament would not have yielded so easily to the abolition crusade. Moreover, new fields of investment and profit were being opened to Englishmen by the consolidation of the empire in India and by the acquisition of new spheres of influence in China and elsewhere. In Africa, British rule was actually strengthened by the anti-slavery crusade, for new territory was annexed and controlled under the aegis of emancipation. It would not be right to question for a moment the sincerity of Sharpe, Wilberforce, Buxton and their followers. But the moral force they represented would have met with greater resistance had it not been working along lines favorable to English investment and colonial profit.
gazette.com
- "The Haitian Revolution and the Louisiana Purchase". The Gazette.
gmu.edu
chnm.gmu.edu
- "Antislavery Agitation: Abbe Raynal", Philosophical and Political History of the Settlements and Trade of the East and West Indies (1770), accessed 8 May 2014.
haitianite.com
- Censer and Hunt, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity, 123. Dutty Boukman, Haitianite.com [1] Archived 2 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine
imdb.com
- Jones, Jacquie (1998). "Brotherly Love (1776-1834)". Africans in America: America's Journey Through Slavery. Episode 3. WGBH Educational Foundation. 8:00 minutes in. WGBH. Transcript. Retrieved September 19, 2020 – via Alexander Street Press.
All of the American newspapers covered events in Saint-Domingue in a great deal of detail. All Americans understood what was happening there. It wasn't that the revolution in Saint-Domingue taught mainland slaves to be rebellious or to resist their bondage. They had always done so, typically as individuals who stole themselves and ran away, sometimes in small groups, who tried to get to the frontier and build maroon colonies and rebuild African societies. But the revolutionaries in Saint-Domingue, led by Toussaint Louverture, were not trying to pull down the power of their absentee masters, but join those masters on an equal footing in the Atlantic World. And the revolt in Haiti reminded American slaves, who were still enthusiastic about the promise of 1776, that not only could liberty be theirs if they were brave enough to try for it, but that equality with the master class might be theirs if they were brave enough to try. For black Americans, this was a terribly exciting moment, a moment of great inspiration. And for the southern planter class, it was a moment of enormous terror.
[permanent dead link] See also Africans in America: America's Journey Through Slavery: Brotherly Love (1776–1834) at IMDb .
jamaicaobserver.com
- "Jamaica Observer Limited". Jamaica Observer. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
jstor.org
- Franklin W. Knight (February 2000). "The Haitian Revolution". The American Historical Review. 105 (1): 103–115. doi:10.2307/2652438. JSTOR 2652438.
- Dapía, Silvia G. (2012). "The Polish Presence in Latin America: An Introduction". Polish American Studies. 69 (1). University of Illinois Press: 5–8. doi:10.2307/41440998. JSTOR 41440998. S2CID 254441853.
kreyol.com
- "Haiti – French Colonialism". Retrieved 27 November 2006.
- "The Slave Rebellion of 1791". Retrieved 27 November 2006.
- "Independent Haiti". Retrieved 27 November 2006.
loc.gov
lcweb2.loc.gov
- Independent Haiti, Library of Congress Country Studies.
- Anne Greene (1988–1998). "Chapter 6 – "Haiti: Historical Setting", in A Country Study: Haiti". Federal Research Service of Library of Congress.
- "A Country Study: Haiti – Boyer: Expansion and Decline". Library of Congress. 2000. Retrieved 30 August 2007.
- Web pages for FRD Country Studies are subject to changes of URL. If a page linked from a footnote that cites the Haiti study bears a title different from that cited next to the link, consult A Country Study: Haiti for the revised URL.
miami.edu
scholar.library.miami.edu
- Rand, David. "The Haitian Revolution." The Haitian Revolution. Accessed 25 March 2015. http://scholar.library.miami.edu/slaves/san_domingo_revolution/[permanent dead link] individual_essay/david.html.
nationalarchives.gov.uk
- Haitian Declaration of Independence: Liberty or Death: Indigent Army, by the General in Chief Dessalines, in the name of the Haitian people. Held in the British National Archives: [3]
oup.com
academic.oup.com
- Parry, Tyler D.; Yingling, Charlton W. (1 February 2020). "Slave Hounds and Abolition in the Americas". Past & Present. 246 (1): 69–108. doi:10.1093/pastj/gtz020. ISSN 0031-2746.
pbs.org
- Jones, Jacquie (1998). "Brotherly Love (1776-1834)". Africans in America: America's Journey Through Slavery. Episode 3. WGBH Educational Foundation. 8:00 minutes in. WGBH. Transcript. Retrieved September 19, 2020 – via Alexander Street Press.
All of the American newspapers covered events in Saint-Domingue in a great deal of detail. All Americans understood what was happening there. It wasn't that the revolution in Saint-Domingue taught mainland slaves to be rebellious or to resist their bondage. They had always done so, typically as individuals who stole themselves and ran away, sometimes in small groups, who tried to get to the frontier and build maroon colonies and rebuild African societies. But the revolutionaries in Saint-Domingue, led by Toussaint Louverture, were not trying to pull down the power of their absentee masters, but join those masters on an equal footing in the Atlantic World. And the revolt in Haiti reminded American slaves, who were still enthusiastic about the promise of 1776, that not only could liberty be theirs if they were brave enough to try for it, but that equality with the master class might be theirs if they were brave enough to try. For black Americans, this was a terribly exciting moment, a moment of great inspiration. And for the southern planter class, it was a moment of enormous terror.
[permanent dead link] See also Africans in America: America's Journey Through Slavery: Brotherly Love (1776–1834) at IMDb . - "Reign of Terror: 1793–1794." PBS. 13 September 2013. Accessed 26 March 2015. https://www.pbs.org/marieantoinette/timeline/reign.html.
semanticscholar.org
api.semanticscholar.org
- Dapía, Silvia G. (2012). "The Polish Presence in Latin America: An Introduction". Polish American Studies. 69 (1). University of Illinois Press: 5–8. doi:10.2307/41440998. JSTOR 41440998. S2CID 254441853.
- Girard, Philippe (2009). "Rebelles with a Cause: Women in the Haitian War of Independence, 1802–1804". Gender and History. 21 (1): 60–85. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0424.2009.01535.x. S2CID 55603536.
- McAlister, Elizabeth (1 June 2012). "From Slave Revolt to a Blood Pact with Satan: The Evangelical Rewriting of Haitian History". Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses. 41 (2): 187–215. doi:10.1177/0008429812441310. ISSN 0008-4298. S2CID 145382199.
theguardian.com
- Vulliamy, Ed, ed. (28 August 2010). "The 10 best revolutionaries". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
uady.mx
s2.medicina.uady.mx
- John S. Marr, and John T. Cathey. "The 1802 Saint-Domingue yellow fever epidemic and the Louisiana Purchase". Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 19#.1 (2013): 77–82. online Archived 4 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine
web.archive.org
- Censer and Hunt, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity, 123. Dutty Boukman, Haitianite.com [1] Archived 2 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- "The Polish Influence in Casale, Haiti and Contribution to the Haitian Revolution". Archived from the original on 6 April 2013. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - John S. Marr, and John T. Cathey. "The 1802 Saint-Domingue yellow fever epidemic and the Louisiana Purchase". Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 19#.1 (2013): 77–82. online Archived 4 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- Akamefula, Tiye, Camille Newsom, Burgey Marcos, and Jong Ho. "Causes of the Haitian Revolution." Haitian Revolution. 1 September 2012. Accessed 25 March 2015. "Causes of the Haitian Revolution - Haitian Revolution". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015..
weebly.com
haitianrevolutionfblock.weebly.com
- Akamefula, Tiye, Camille Newsom, Burgey Marcos, and Jong Ho. "Causes of the Haitian Revolution." Haitian Revolution. 1 September 2012. Accessed 25 March 2015. http://haitianrevolutionfblock.weebly.com/causes-of-the-haitian-revolution.html./[permanent dead link]
- Akamefula, Tiye, Camille Newsom, Burgey Marcos, and Jong Ho. "Causes of the Haitian Revolution." Haitian Revolution. 1 September 2012. Accessed 25 March 2015. "Causes of the Haitian Revolution - Haitian Revolution". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015..
wesleyan.edu
digitalcollections.wesleyan.edu
- McAlister, Elizabeth (1 June 2012). "From Slave Revolt to a Blood Pact with Satan: The Evangelical Rewriting of Haitian History". Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses. 41 (2): 187–215. doi:10.1177/0008429812441310. ISSN 0008-4298. S2CID 145382199.
wikidata.org
- Jones, Jacquie (1998). "Brotherly Love (1776-1834)". Africans in America: America's Journey Through Slavery. Episode 3. WGBH Educational Foundation. 8:00 minutes in. WGBH. Transcript. Retrieved September 19, 2020 – via Alexander Street Press.
All of the American newspapers covered events in Saint-Domingue in a great deal of detail. All Americans understood what was happening there. It wasn't that the revolution in Saint-Domingue taught mainland slaves to be rebellious or to resist their bondage. They had always done so, typically as individuals who stole themselves and ran away, sometimes in small groups, who tried to get to the frontier and build maroon colonies and rebuild African societies. But the revolutionaries in Saint-Domingue, led by Toussaint Louverture, were not trying to pull down the power of their absentee masters, but join those masters on an equal footing in the Atlantic World. And the revolt in Haiti reminded American slaves, who were still enthusiastic about the promise of 1776, that not only could liberty be theirs if they were brave enough to try for it, but that equality with the master class might be theirs if they were brave enough to try. For black Americans, this was a terribly exciting moment, a moment of great inspiration. And for the southern planter class, it was a moment of enormous terror.
[permanent dead link] See also Africans in America: America's Journey Through Slavery: Brotherly Love (1776–1834) at IMDb .
worldcat.org
- Parry, Tyler D.; Yingling, Charlton W. (1 February 2020). "Slave Hounds and Abolition in the Americas". Past & Present. 246 (1): 69–108. doi:10.1093/pastj/gtz020. ISSN 0031-2746.
- Du Bois, W. E. Burghardt (July 1943). "The Realities in Africa: European Profit or Negro Development?". Foreign Affairs. Vol. 21, no. 4. ISSN 0015-7120.
The rise of liberal and philanthropic thought in the latter part of the eighteenth century accounts, of course, for no little of the growth of opposition to slavery and the slave trade; but it accounts for only a part of it. Other and dominant factors were the diminishing returns of the African slave trade itself, the bankruptcy of the West Indian sugar economy through the Haitian revolution, the interference of Napoleon and the competition of Spain. Without this pressure of economic forces, Parliament would not have yielded so easily to the abolition crusade. Moreover, new fields of investment and profit were being opened to Englishmen by the consolidation of the empire in India and by the acquisition of new spheres of influence in China and elsewhere. In Africa, British rule was actually strengthened by the anti-slavery crusade, for new territory was annexed and controlled under the aegis of emancipation. It would not be right to question for a moment the sincerity of Sharpe, Wilberforce, Buxton and their followers. But the moral force they represented would have met with greater resistance had it not been working along lines favorable to English investment and colonial profit.
- McAlister, Elizabeth (1 June 2012). "From Slave Revolt to a Blood Pact with Satan: The Evangelical Rewriting of Haitian History". Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses. 41 (2): 187–215. doi:10.1177/0008429812441310. ISSN 0008-4298. S2CID 145382199.