Halabja massacre (English Wikipedia)

"1988: Thousands die in Halabja gas attack". 16 March 1988. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
"BBC ON THIS DAY | 16 | 1988: Thousands die in Halabja gas attack". BBC News. Archived from the original on 10 February 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
"Kurds look back with fear". BBC News. 22 July 2002. Archived from the original on 11 September 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
"1988: Thousands die in Halabja gas attack". 16 March 1988.
"Capitalism: the case against". 15 October 2003. Archived from the original on 14 October 2019. Retrieved 14 October 2019.
Hawley, Caroline (19 October 2005). "Middle East | Halabja survivors seek justice". BBC News. Archived from the original on 11 September 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
"Middle East | Saddam's 'Dutch link'". BBC News. 23 December 2005. Archived from the original on 21 April 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2013.

bbc.co.uk

"Birmingham – Your Community – The Smell of Apples". BBC. 22 June 2006. Archived from the original on 9 December 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2013.

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

"'Chemical Ali' executed in Iraq after Halabja ruling". BBC News. 25 January 2010. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2013.

brill.com (Global: 814^th place; English: 460^th place)

Liesbeth Zegveld (24 April 2009). Reparations for Victims of Genocide, War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity. Brill. p. 370. ISBN 9-7890-4742-7957.

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

Szanto, Edith (April 2018). "Mourning Halabja on Screen: Or Reading Kurdish Politics through Anfal Films". Review of Middle East Studies. 52 (1): 135–146. doi:10.1017/rms.2018.3. ISSN 2151-3481. S2CID 158673771 – via Cambridge University.

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

"Hussein executed with 'fear in his face'". CNN.com. 30 December 2006. Archived from the original on 11 January 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2013.

dailysabah.com (Global: 2,486^th place; English: 1,876^th place)

SABAH, DAILY (16 March 2021). "Turkey marks 33rd anniversary of Halabja Massacre". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 14 February 2025.

dissentmagazine.org (Global: low place; English: 9,500^th place)

Casey, Leo (Summer 2003). "Questioning Halabja". Dissent Magazine. Archived from the original on 18 November 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2018.

dlawer.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

en.dlawer.info

"Dlawer's Library – Death Clouds". www.en.dlawer.info.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Bengio, Ofra. "Anfal and Halabja Genocide: Lessons Not Learned". The Journal of the Middle East and Africa. 14: 277–298.
Szanto, Edith (April 2018). "Mourning Halabja on Screen: Or Reading Kurdish Politics through Anfal Films". Review of Middle East Studies. 52 (1): 135–146. doi:10.1017/rms.2018.3. ISSN 2151-3481. S2CID 158673771 – via Cambridge University.

ekurd.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Halabja: Survivors talk about horror of attack, continuing ordeal". Ekurd.net. 15 March 2008. Archived from the original on 14 November 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
Revisiting Halabja, 20 years after chemical attack, town still bears scars Archived 12 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Kurd Net, 15 March 2008
"Halabja watches Hussein's trial and waits for Its day in court". Ekurd.net. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2013.

fas.org (Global: 730^th place; English: 519^th place)

"Chemical Weapons Programs – Iraq Special Weapons Facilities". Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on 14 December 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
"FMFRP 3–203 – Lessons Learned: Iran-Iraq War". Fas.org. Archived from the original on 4 May 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2013.

gfbv.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

"German and European firms were involved". Gfbv.de. Gesellschaft fuer bedrohte Voelker – Society for Threatened Peoples. Archived from the original on 6 August 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2013.

globalr2p.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Halabja, Chemical Weapons and the Genocide Against the Kurds: Implications for Iraq and the World Today". Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect. Retrieved 14 February 2025.

hrw.org (Global: 601^st place; English: 472^nd place)

"Whatever Happened To The Iraqi Kurds? (Human Rights Watch Report, March 11, 1991)". www.hrw.org. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
"Whatever Happened To The Iraqi Kurds? (Human Rights Watch Report, March 11, 1991)". Hrw.org. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2013.

ihh.org.tr (Global: low place; English: low place)

"İHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation". İHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation. Retrieved 14 February 2025.

independent.co.uk (Global: 46^th place; English: 29^th place)

Cockburn, Patrick (17 March 2006). "Hundreds protest as Kurds remember Halabja gas attack – Middle East – World". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2013.

iraqwatch.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"What Iraq Admitted About its Chemical Weapons Program". Archived from the original on 4 May 2006. Retrieved 28 August 2013.

karygiannismp.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"House adopts Karygiannis Motion on Halabja Gassing as a Crime Against Humanity". 16 March 2010. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2010.

kurdistan24.net (Global: 7,486^th place; English: 5,781^st place)

Kurdistan24 (18 July 2021). "KRG pledges nearly half billion IQD to new Halabja hospital for victims of infamous chemical attack". KRG pledges nearly half billion IQD to new Halabja hospital for victims of infamous chemical attack. Retrieved 26 April 2026.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

laweekly.com (Global: 1,453^rd place; English: 778^th place)

Jim Crogan (20 March 2003). "Made in the USA: A guide to Iraq's weapons of mass destruction". Laweekly.com. Archived from the original on 11 January 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2013.

miis.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

cns.miis.edu

"CNS – DC: Briefing Series: Iranian Use of Chemical Weapons: A Critical Analysis of Past Allegations March 7, 2001 by Jean Pascal Zanders, SIPRI Chemical and Biological Warfare Project". 2 January 2003. Archived from the original on 2 January 2003. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
"Iranian Use of Chemical Weapons: A Critical Analysis of Past Allegations". 7 March 2001. Archived from the original on 2 January 2003. Retrieved 28 May 2018.

newarab.com (Global: 3,965^th place; English: 2,437^th place)

Dana Taib Menmy ــ Iraq. "Halabja marks 34 years since Saddam Hussein's gas attack". The New Arab. Archived from the original on 4 December 2024. Retrieved 14 February 2025.

nybooks.com (Global: 2,009^th place; English: 1,223^rd place)

Pelletiere, Stephen C.; Ii, Douglas V. Johnson; Mortimer, Edward. "Iraq'S Chemical Warfare". Nybooks.com. Archived from the original on 9 March 2010. Retrieved 9 May 2018.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Hiltermann, Joost R. (17 January 2003). "Halabja – America didn't seem to mind poison gas". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 July 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
Pelletiere, Stephen C. (2003). "A War Crime Or an Act of War?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 6 April 2018. Retrieved 22 February 2018.

opendemocracy.net (Global: 3,933^rd place; English: 2,639^th place)

"Halabja: whom does the truth hurt?". openDemocracy. 4 September 2007. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2013.

pbs.org (Global: 260^th place; English: 176^th place)

"America Rebuilds II: Return to Ground Zero. Halabja Memorial". PBS. Archived from the original on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
"Memorial to Gas Attack Victims Spurs Controversy". PBS. Retrieved 27 February 2024.

rfi.fr (Global: 420^th place; English: 1,088^th place)

english.rfi.fr

- "Iraqi Kurds sue French companies for Halabja chemical attack". RFI. 11 June 2013. Archived from the original on 13 June 2014. Retrieved 5 May 2014.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Szanto, Edith (April 2018). "Mourning Halabja on Screen: Or Reading Kurdish Politics through Anfal Films". Review of Middle East Studies. 52 (1): 135–146. doi:10.1017/rms.2018.3. ISSN 2151-3481. S2CID 158673771 – via Cambridge University.

sites.google.com (Global: 658^th place; English: 657^th place)

"Dlawer's Library – Death Clouds". sites.google.com.

stanford.edu (Global: 194^th place; English: 182^nd place)

swap.stanford.edu

"Halabja, the massacre the West tried to ignore". The Times. Archived from the original on 28 January 2010. Retrieved 28 August 2013.

state.gov (Global: 228^th place; English: 204^th place)

1997-2001.state.gov

"3/16/98: Anniversary of the Halabja Massacre". 1997-2001.state.gov. Retrieved 14 February 2025.

steveplatt.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

publications.steveplatt.net

"Saddam's secret weapon (Channel 4, 1988)". Publications.steveplatt.net. 16 March 1988. Archived from the original on 23 April 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2013.

taghribnews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Iraq attack to Halabja". .taghribnews.com. 17 March 2019. Retrieved 3 June 2019.

theage.com.au (Global: 451^st place; English: 240^th place)

"Saddam admits Iran gas attacks – Breaking News – World – Breaking News". Theage.com.au. 19 December 2006. Archived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2013.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

"We blame Saddam for everything". The Guardian. 17 March 2003. Archived from the original on 27 August 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2013.

timesonline.co.uk (Global: 437^th place; English: 317^th place)

"Halabja, the massacre the West tried to ignore". The Times. Archived from the original on 28 January 2010. Retrieved 28 August 2013.

upi.com (Global: 377^th place; English: 206^th place)

"1988 Kurdish massacre labeled genocide". United Press International. 8 March 2010. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Dana Taib Menmy ــ Iraq. "Halabja marks 34 years since Saddam Hussein's gas attack". The New Arab. Archived from the original on 4 December 2024. Retrieved 14 February 2025.
"'Chemical Ali' executed in Iraq after Halabja ruling". BBC News. 25 January 2010. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
"Chemical Weapons Programs – Iraq Special Weapons Facilities". Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on 14 December 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
"BBC ON THIS DAY | 16 | 1988: Thousands die in Halabja gas attack". BBC News. Archived from the original on 10 February 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
"Kurds look back with fear". BBC News. 22 July 2002. Archived from the original on 11 September 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
"1988 Kurdish massacre labeled genocide". United Press International. 8 March 2010. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017.
"House adopts Karygiannis Motion on Halabja Gassing as a Crime Against Humanity". 16 March 2010. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2010.
"Halabja: Survivors talk about horror of attack, continuing ordeal". Ekurd.net. 15 March 2008. Archived from the original on 14 November 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
"Birmingham – Your Community – The Smell of Apples". BBC. 22 June 2006. Archived from the original on 9 December 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
"Whatever Happened To The Iraqi Kurds? (Human Rights Watch Report, March 11, 1991)". Hrw.org. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
"We blame Saddam for everything". The Guardian. 17 March 2003. Archived from the original on 27 August 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
"Saddam's secret weapon (Channel 4, 1988)". Publications.steveplatt.net. 16 March 1988. Archived from the original on 23 April 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
"Halabja: whom does the truth hurt?". openDemocracy. 4 September 2007. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
"A committed defender of free expression". Index on Censorship. 4 March 2003. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 11 March 2026.
Hiltermann, Joost R. (17 January 2003). "Halabja – America didn't seem to mind poison gas". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 July 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
Pelletiere, Stephen C. (2003). "A War Crime Or an Act of War?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 6 April 2018. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
"CNS – DC: Briefing Series: Iranian Use of Chemical Weapons: A Critical Analysis of Past Allegations March 7, 2001 by Jean Pascal Zanders, SIPRI Chemical and Biological Warfare Project". 2 January 2003. Archived from the original on 2 January 2003. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
"Capitalism: the case against". 15 October 2003. Archived from the original on 14 October 2019. Retrieved 14 October 2019.
Revisiting Halabja, 20 years after chemical attack, town still bears scars Archived 12 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Kurd Net, 15 March 2008
"Hussein executed with 'fear in his face'". CNN.com. 30 December 2006. Archived from the original on 11 January 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
"Saddam admits Iran gas attacks – Breaking News – World – Breaking News". Theage.com.au. 19 December 2006. Archived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
Hawley, Caroline (19 October 2005). "Middle East | Halabja survivors seek justice". BBC News. Archived from the original on 11 September 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
"Halabja watches Hussein's trial and waits for Its day in court". Ekurd.net. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
Casey, Leo (Summer 2003). "Questioning Halabja". Dissent Magazine. Archived from the original on 18 November 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
"German and European firms were involved". Gfbv.de. Gesellschaft fuer bedrohte Voelker – Society for Threatened Peoples. Archived from the original on 6 August 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
"What Iraq Admitted About its Chemical Weapons Program". Archived from the original on 4 May 2006. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
Jim Crogan (20 March 2003). "Made in the USA: A guide to Iraq's weapons of mass destruction". Laweekly.com. Archived from the original on 11 January 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
"Middle East | Saddam's 'Dutch link'". BBC News. 23 December 2005. Archived from the original on 21 April 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
"Thomson Reuters Foundation | News, Information and Connections for Action". Alertnet.org. Archived from the original on 10 February 2010. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
- "Iraqi Kurds sue French companies for Halabja chemical attack". RFI. 11 June 2013. Archived from the original on 13 June 2014. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
- "FMFRP 3–203 – Lessons Learned: Iran-Iraq War". Fas.org. Archived from the original on 4 May 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
- Pelletiere, Stephen C.; Ii, Douglas V. Johnson; Mortimer, Edward. "Iraq'S Chemical Warfare". Nybooks.com. Archived from the original on 9 March 2010. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
- "Iran Chemical Weapon Update – 1998". Wisconsinproject.org. Archived from the original on 20 April 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
- "Iranian Use of Chemical Weapons: A Critical Analysis of Past Allegations". 7 March 2001. Archived from the original on 2 January 2003. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
- "America Rebuilds II: Return to Ground Zero. Halabja Memorial". PBS. Archived from the original on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
- Cockburn, Patrick (17 March 2006). "Hundreds protest as Kurds remember Halabja gas attack – Middle East – World". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
- "Silent City: Music". Amazon. Archived from the original on 5 March 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
- "The Silk Road Ensemble: Silent City". YouTube. 25 August 2011. Archived from the original on 27 November 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2013.

wisconsinproject.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Iran Chemical Weapon Update – 1998". Wisconsinproject.org. Archived from the original on 20 April 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2013.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Pelletiere, Stephen C. (2003). "A War Crime Or an Act of War?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 6 April 2018. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
Szanto, Edith (April 2018). "Mourning Halabja on Screen: Or Reading Kurdish Politics through Anfal Films". Review of Middle East Studies. 52 (1): 135–146. doi:10.1017/rms.2018.3. ISSN 2151-3481. S2CID 158673771 – via Cambridge University.

youtube.com (Global: 13^th place; English: 14^th place)

"The Silk Road Ensemble: Silent City". YouTube. 25 August 2011. Archived from the original on 27 November 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2013.

Halabja massacre (English Wikipedia)

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