Hand (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Hand" in English language version.

Last modified: 23:04:28, 21 July 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank English rank

1412nih.gov

5^th place

129doi.org

2^nd place

126books.google.com

3^rd place

85adsabs.harvard.edu

14^th place

9^th place

53archive.org

6^th place

42semanticscholar.org

15^th place

8^th place

22web.archive.org

1^st place

21rero.ch

3,023^rd place

2,092^nd place

11exrx.net

low place

11oed.com

743^rd place

419^th place

11thefreedictionary.com

1,251^st place

1,161^st place

11massey.ac.nz

low place

7,712^th place

11free.fr

283^rd place

705^th place

11tdx.cat

low place

11hdl.handle.net

66^th place

34^th place

11si.edu

256^th place

197^th place

11newscientist.com

1,041^st place

901^st place

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Xu, X; Clark, JM; Mo, J; Choiniere, J; Forster, CA; Erickson, GM; Hone, DWE; Sullivan, C; Eberth, DA; Nesbitt, S; Zhao, Q; Hernandez, R; Jia, CK; Han, FL; Guo, Y (2009). "A Jurassic ceratosaur from China helps clarify avian digital homologies" (PDF). Nature. 459 (7249): 940–944. Bibcode:2009Natur.459..940X. doi:10.1038/nature08124. PMID 19536256. S2CID 4358448.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Key, Alastair J.M.; Lycett, Stephen J. (2011). "Technology based evolution? A biometric test of the effects of handsize versus tool form on efficiency in an experimental cutting task". Journal of Archaeological Science. 38 (7): 1663–1670. Bibcode:2011JArSc..38.1663K. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2011.02.032.
Kivella, Tracy L.; Schmitt, Daniel (August 25, 2009). "Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor". PNAS. 106 (34): 14241–14246. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10614241K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901280106. PMC 2732797. PMID 19667206.
Lovejoy, C. Owen; Suwa, Gen; Simpson, Scott W.; Matternes, Jay H.; White, Tim D. (October 2009). "The Great Divides: Ardipithecus ramidus Reveals the Postcrania of Our Last Common Ancestors with African Apes". Science. 326 (5949): 101–102. Bibcode:2009Sci...326..100L. doi:10.1126/science.1175833. PMID 19810199. S2CID 19629241.
Morgan, Michael H.; Carrier, David R. (January 2013). "Protective buttressing of the human fist and the evolution of hominin hands". J Exp Biol. 216 (2): 236–244. Bibcode:2013JExpB.216..236M. doi:10.1242/jeb.075713. PMID 23255192.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Marieb, Elaine N (2004). Human Anatomy & Physiology (Sixth ed.). Pearson PLC. p. 237. ISBN 978-0-321-20413-4.
Jones, Lynette A.; Lederman, Susan J. (2006). "Structure of the Skin". Human hand function. Oxford University Press. pp. 16–18. ISBN 978-0-19-517315-4.
Jones, Lynette A.; Lederman, Susan J. (2006). "Structure of the Skin". Human hand function. Oxford University Press. pp. 18–21. ISBN 978-0-19-517315-4.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Latash, Mark L. (2008). Synergy. Oxford University Press, US. pp. 137–. ISBN 978-0-19-533316-9.
Kivell, Tracy L.; Lemelin, Pierre; Richmond, Brian G.; Schmitt, Daniel (2016). The Evolution of the Primate Hand: Anatomical, Developmental, Functional, and Paleontological Evidence. Springer. pp. 7–. ISBN 978-1-4939-3646-5.
Schmidt, Hans-Martin; Lanz, Ulrich (2003). Surgical Anatomy of the Hand. Thieme. p. 105. ISBN 978-1-58890-007-4.
Tubiana, Raoul; Thomine, Jean-Michel; Mackin, Evelyn (1998). Examination of the Hand and Wrist (2nd ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-85317-544-2.
Tubiana, Raoul; Thomine, Jean-Michel; Mackin, Evelyn (1998). Examination of the Hand and Wrist (2nd ed.). Taylor & Francis. pp. 9–14. ISBN 978-1-85317-544-2.
Schmidt, Hans-Martin; Lanz, Ulrich (2003). Surgical Anatomy of the Hand. Thieme. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-58890-007-4.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Xu, X; Clark, JM; Mo, J; Choiniere, J; Forster, CA; Erickson, GM; Hone, DWE; Sullivan, C; Eberth, DA; Nesbitt, S; Zhao, Q; Hernandez, R; Jia, CK; Han, FL; Guo, Y (2009). "A Jurassic ceratosaur from China helps clarify avian digital homologies" (PDF). Nature. 459 (7249): 940–944. Bibcode:2009Natur.459..940X. doi:10.1038/nature08124. PMID 19536256. S2CID 4358448.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
EL-Sobky, Tamer A.; Samir, Shady; Atiyya, Ahmed Naeem; Mahmoud, Shady; Aly, Ahmad S.; Soliman, Ramy (2018). "Current paediatric orthopaedic practice in hereditary multiple osteochondromas of the forearm: a systematic review". SICOT-J. 4: 10. doi:10.1051/sicotj/2018002. PMC 5863686. PMID 29565244.
Key, Alastair J.M.; Lycett, Stephen J. (2011). "Technology based evolution? A biometric test of the effects of handsize versus tool form on efficiency in an experimental cutting task". Journal of Archaeological Science. 38 (7): 1663–1670. Bibcode:2011JArSc..38.1663K. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2011.02.032.
Putz, RV; Tuppek, A. (November 1999). "Evolution of the hand". Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir. 31 (6): 357–61. doi:10.1055/s-1999-13552. PMID 10637723.
Kivella, Tracy L.; Schmitt, Daniel (August 25, 2009). "Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor". PNAS. 106 (34): 14241–14246. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10614241K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901280106. PMC 2732797. PMID 19667206.
Lovejoy, C. Owen; Suwa, Gen; Simpson, Scott W.; Matternes, Jay H.; White, Tim D. (October 2009). "The Great Divides: Ardipithecus ramidus Reveals the Postcrania of Our Last Common Ancestors with African Apes". Science. 326 (5949): 101–102. Bibcode:2009Sci...326..100L. doi:10.1126/science.1175833. PMID 19810199. S2CID 19629241.
Tocheri, Matthew W.; Orr, Caley M.; Jacofsky, Marc C.; Marzke, Mary W. (2008). "The evolutionary history of the hominin hand since the last common ancestor of Pan and Homo" (PDF). J. Anat. 212 (4): 544–562. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00865.x. PMC 2409097. PMID 18380869. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-09. Retrieved 2011-12-25.)
Knight, Kathryn (2012). "Fighting Shaped Human Hands". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 216 (2): i.1–i. doi:10.1242/jeb.083725.
Morgan, Michael H.; Carrier, David R. (January 2013). "Protective buttressing of the human fist and the evolution of hominin hands". J Exp Biol. 216 (2): 236–244. Bibcode:2013JExpB.216..236M. doi:10.1242/jeb.075713. PMID 23255192.

exrx.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Body Segment Data". ExRx.net.

free.fr (Global: 283^rd place; English: 705^th place)

wexler.free.fr

Flanagan, J Randall; Johansson, Roland S (2002). "Hand Movements" (PDF). Encyclopedia of the human brain. Elsevier Science.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Almécija, Sergio (2009). Evolution of the hand in Miocene apes: Implications for the appearance of the human hand (PhD thesis). Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. hdl:10803/3707. ISBN 978-84-693-4823-9. Retrieved 2023-03-25.

massey.ac.nz (Global: low place; English: 7,712^th place)

Marzke, Mary. "Evolution of the hand and bipedality". Massey University, NZ. Archived from the original on October 5, 1999. Retrieved September 21, 2017.

newscientist.com (Global: 1,041^st place; English: 901^st place)

Reardon, Sara (December 19, 2012). "Human hands evolved so we could punch each other". New Scientist. Retrieved September 21, 2017.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Xu, X; Clark, JM; Mo, J; Choiniere, J; Forster, CA; Erickson, GM; Hone, DWE; Sullivan, C; Eberth, DA; Nesbitt, S; Zhao, Q; Hernandez, R; Jia, CK; Han, FL; Guo, Y (2009). "A Jurassic ceratosaur from China helps clarify avian digital homologies" (PDF). Nature. 459 (7249): 940–944. Bibcode:2009Natur.459..940X. doi:10.1038/nature08124. PMID 19536256. S2CID 4358448.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Dawson-Amoah, K.; Varacallo, M. (2022). "Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Hand Intrinsic Muscles". NCBI. PMID 30969632. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
EL-Sobky, Tamer A.; Samir, Shady; Atiyya, Ahmed Naeem; Mahmoud, Shady; Aly, Ahmad S.; Soliman, Ramy (2018). "Current paediatric orthopaedic practice in hereditary multiple osteochondromas of the forearm: a systematic review". SICOT-J. 4: 10. doi:10.1051/sicotj/2018002. PMC 5863686. PMID 29565244.
Putz, RV; Tuppek, A. (November 1999). "Evolution of the hand". Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir. 31 (6): 357–61. doi:10.1055/s-1999-13552. PMID 10637723.
Kivella, Tracy L.; Schmitt, Daniel (August 25, 2009). "Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor". PNAS. 106 (34): 14241–14246. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10614241K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901280106. PMC 2732797. PMID 19667206.
Lovejoy, C. Owen; Suwa, Gen; Simpson, Scott W.; Matternes, Jay H.; White, Tim D. (October 2009). "The Great Divides: Ardipithecus ramidus Reveals the Postcrania of Our Last Common Ancestors with African Apes". Science. 326 (5949): 101–102. Bibcode:2009Sci...326..100L. doi:10.1126/science.1175833. PMID 19810199. S2CID 19629241.
Tocheri, Matthew W.; Orr, Caley M.; Jacofsky, Marc C.; Marzke, Mary W. (2008). "The evolutionary history of the hominin hand since the last common ancestor of Pan and Homo" (PDF). J. Anat. 212 (4): 544–562. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00865.x. PMC 2409097. PMID 18380869. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-09. Retrieved 2011-12-25.)
Morgan, Michael H.; Carrier, David R. (January 2013). "Protective buttressing of the human fist and the evolution of hominin hands". J Exp Biol. 216 (2): 236–244. Bibcode:2013JExpB.216..236M. doi:10.1242/jeb.075713. PMID 23255192.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dawson-Amoah, K.; Varacallo, M. (2022). "Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Hand Intrinsic Muscles". NCBI. PMID 30969632. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
EL-Sobky, Tamer A.; Samir, Shady; Atiyya, Ahmed Naeem; Mahmoud, Shady; Aly, Ahmad S.; Soliman, Ramy (2018). "Current paediatric orthopaedic practice in hereditary multiple osteochondromas of the forearm: a systematic review". SICOT-J. 4: 10. doi:10.1051/sicotj/2018002. PMC 5863686. PMID 29565244.
Kivella, Tracy L.; Schmitt, Daniel (August 25, 2009). "Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor". PNAS. 106 (34): 14241–14246. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10614241K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901280106. PMC 2732797. PMID 19667206.
Tocheri, Matthew W.; Orr, Caley M.; Jacofsky, Marc C.; Marzke, Mary W. (2008). "The evolutionary history of the hominin hand since the last common ancestor of Pan and Homo" (PDF). J. Anat. 212 (4): 544–562. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00865.x. PMC 2409097. PMID 18380869. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-09. Retrieved 2011-12-25.)

oed.com (Global: 743^rd place; English: 419^th place)

"Web". Oxford English Dictionary (online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)

rero.ch (Global: 3,023^rd place; English: 2,092^nd place)

doc.rero.ch

Xu, X; Clark, JM; Mo, J; Choiniere, J; Forster, CA; Erickson, GM; Hone, DWE; Sullivan, C; Eberth, DA; Nesbitt, S; Zhao, Q; Hernandez, R; Jia, CK; Han, FL; Guo, Y (2009). "A Jurassic ceratosaur from China helps clarify avian digital homologies" (PDF). Nature. 459 (7249): 940–944. Bibcode:2009Natur.459..940X. doi:10.1038/nature08124. PMID 19536256. S2CID 4358448.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Xu, X; Clark, JM; Mo, J; Choiniere, J; Forster, CA; Erickson, GM; Hone, DWE; Sullivan, C; Eberth, DA; Nesbitt, S; Zhao, Q; Hernandez, R; Jia, CK; Han, FL; Guo, Y (2009). "A Jurassic ceratosaur from China helps clarify avian digital homologies" (PDF). Nature. 459 (7249): 940–944. Bibcode:2009Natur.459..940X. doi:10.1038/nature08124. PMID 19536256. S2CID 4358448.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Lovejoy, C. Owen; Suwa, Gen; Simpson, Scott W.; Matternes, Jay H.; White, Tim D. (October 2009). "The Great Divides: Ardipithecus ramidus Reveals the Postcrania of Our Last Common Ancestors with African Apes". Science. 326 (5949): 101–102. Bibcode:2009Sci...326..100L. doi:10.1126/science.1175833. PMID 19810199. S2CID 19629241.

si.edu (Global: 256^th place; English: 197^th place)

si-pddr.si.edu

Tocheri, Matthew W.; Orr, Caley M.; Jacofsky, Marc C.; Marzke, Mary W. (2008). "The evolutionary history of the hominin hand since the last common ancestor of Pan and Homo" (PDF). J. Anat. 212 (4): 544–562. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00865.x. PMC 2409097. PMID 18380869. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-09. Retrieved 2011-12-25.)

tdx.cat (Global: low place; English: low place)

Almécija, Sergio (2009). Evolution of the hand in Miocene apes: Implications for the appearance of the human hand (PhD thesis). Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. hdl:10803/3707. ISBN 978-84-693-4823-9. Retrieved 2023-03-25.

thefreedictionary.com (Global: 1,251^st place; English: 1,161^st place)

medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com

"web of fingers/ toes". Farlex Medical Dictionary. Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary. Retrieved 14 March 2016.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Marzke, Mary. "Evolution of the hand and bipedality". Massey University, NZ. Archived from the original on October 5, 1999. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
Tocheri, Matthew W.; Orr, Caley M.; Jacofsky, Marc C.; Marzke, Mary W. (2008). "The evolutionary history of the hominin hand since the last common ancestor of Pan and Homo" (PDF). J. Anat. 212 (4): 544–562. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00865.x. PMC 2409097. PMID 18380869. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-09. Retrieved 2011-12-25.)

Hand (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

exrx.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

free.fr (Global: 283rd place; English: 705th place)

wexler.free.fr

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)

massey.ac.nz (Global: low place; English: 7,712th place)

newscientist.com (Global: 1,041st place; English: 901st place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

oed.com (Global: 743rd place; English: 419th place)

rero.ch (Global: 3,023rd place; English: 2,092nd place)

doc.rero.ch

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

si.edu (Global: 256th place; English: 197th place)

si-pddr.si.edu

tdx.cat (Global: low place; English: low place)

thefreedictionary.com (Global: 1,251st place; English: 1,161st place)

medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

free.fr (Global: 283^rd place; English: 705^th place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

massey.ac.nz (Global: low place; English: 7,712^th place)

newscientist.com (Global: 1,041^st place; English: 901^st place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

oed.com (Global: 743^rd place; English: 419^th place)

rero.ch (Global: 3,023^rd place; English: 2,092^nd place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

si.edu (Global: 256^th place; English: 197^th place)

thefreedictionary.com (Global: 1,251^st place; English: 1,161^st place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)