Hand (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Hand" in English language version.

refsWebsite

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12nih.gov

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9doi.org

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6books.google.com

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5harvard.edu

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3archive.org

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2semanticscholar.org

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2web.archive.org

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1rero.ch

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1exrx.net

low place

1oed.com

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1thefreedictionary.com

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1massey.ac.nz

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1free.fr

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1tdx.cat

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1handle.net

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1si.edu

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1newscientist.com

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archive.org

Marieb, Elaine N (2004). Human Anatomy & Physiology (Sixth ed.). Pearson PLC. p. 237. ISBN 978-0-321-20413-4.
Jones, Lynette A.; Lederman, Susan J. (2006). "Structure of the Skin". Human hand function. Oxford University Press. pp. 16–18. ISBN 978-0-19-517315-4.
Jones, Lynette A.; Lederman, Susan J. (2006). "Structure of the Skin". Human hand function. Oxford University Press. pp. 18–21. ISBN 978-0-19-517315-4.

books.google.com

Latash, Mark L. (2008). Synergy. Oxford University Press, US. pp. 137–. ISBN 978-0-19-533316-9.
Kivell, Tracy L.; Lemelin, Pierre; Richmond, Brian G.; Schmitt, Daniel (2016). The Evolution of the Primate Hand: Anatomical, Developmental, Functional, and Paleontological Evidence. Springer. pp. 7–. ISBN 978-1-4939-3646-5.
Schmidt, Hans-Martin; Lanz, Ulrich (2003). Surgical Anatomy of the Hand. Thieme. p. 105. ISBN 978-1-58890-007-4.
Tubiana, Raoul; Thomine, Jean-Michel; Mackin, Evelyn (1998). Examination of the Hand and Wrist (2nd ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-85317-544-2.
Tubiana, Raoul; Thomine, Jean-Michel; Mackin, Evelyn (1998). Examination of the Hand and Wrist (2nd ed.). Taylor & Francis. pp. 9–14. ISBN 978-1-85317-544-2.
Schmidt, Hans-Martin; Lanz, Ulrich (2003). Surgical Anatomy of the Hand. Thieme. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-58890-007-4.

doi.org

Xu, X; Clark, JM; Mo, J; Choiniere, J; Forster, CA; Erickson, GM; Hone, DWE; Sullivan, C; Eberth, DA; Nesbitt, S; Zhao, Q; Hernandez, R; Jia, CK; Han, FL; Guo, Y (2009). "A Jurassic ceratosaur from China helps clarify avian digital homologies" (PDF). Nature. 459 (7249): 940–944. Bibcode:2009Natur.459..940X. doi:10.1038/nature08124. PMID 19536256. S2CID 4358448.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
EL-Sobky, Tamer A.; Samir, Shady; Atiyya, Ahmed Naeem; Mahmoud, Shady; Aly, Ahmad S.; Soliman, Ramy (2018). "Current paediatric orthopaedic practice in hereditary multiple osteochondromas of the forearm: a systematic review". SICOT-J. 4: 10. doi:10.1051/sicotj/2018002. PMC 5863686. PMID 29565244.
Key, Alastair J.M.; Lycett, Stephen J. (2011). "Technology based evolution? A biometric test of the effects of handsize versus tool form on efficiency in an experimental cutting task". Journal of Archaeological Science. 38 (7): 1663–1670. Bibcode:2011JArSc..38.1663K. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2011.02.032.
Putz, RV; Tuppek, A. (November 1999). "Evolution of the hand". Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir. 31 (6): 357–61. doi:10.1055/s-1999-13552. PMID 10637723.
Kivella, Tracy L.; Schmitt, Daniel (August 25, 2009). "Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor". PNAS. 106 (34): 14241–14246. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10614241K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901280106. PMC 2732797. PMID 19667206.
Lovejoy, C. Owen; Suwa, Gen; Simpson, Scott W.; Matternes, Jay H.; White, Tim D. (October 2009). "The Great Divides: Ardipithecus ramidus Reveals the Postcrania of Our Last Common Ancestors with African Apes". Science. 326 (5949): 101–102. Bibcode:2009Sci...326..100L. doi:10.1126/science.1175833. PMID 19810199. S2CID 19629241.
Tocheri, Matthew W.; Orr, Caley M.; Jacofsky, Marc C.; Marzke, Mary W. (2008). "The evolutionary history of the hominin hand since the last common ancestor of Pan and Homo" (PDF). J. Anat. 212 (4): 544–562. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00865.x. PMC 2409097. PMID 18380869. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-09. Retrieved 2011-12-25.)
Knight, Kathryn (2012). "Fighting Shaped Human Hands". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 216 (2): i.1–i. doi:10.1242/jeb.083725.
Morgan, Michael H.; Carrier, David R. (January 2013). "Protective buttressing of the human fist and the evolution of hominin hands". J Exp Biol. 216 (2): 236–244. Bibcode:2013JExpB.216..236M. doi:10.1242/jeb.075713. PMID 23255192.

exrx.net

"Body Segment Data". ExRx.net.

free.fr

wexler.free.fr

Flanagan, J Randall; Johansson, Roland S (2002). "Hand Movements" (PDF). Encyclopedia of the human brain. Elsevier Science.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Almécija, Sergio (2009). Evolution of the hand in Miocene apes: Implications for the appearance of the human hand (PhD thesis). Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. hdl:10803/3707. ISBN 978-84-693-4823-9. Retrieved 2023-03-25.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Xu, X; Clark, JM; Mo, J; Choiniere, J; Forster, CA; Erickson, GM; Hone, DWE; Sullivan, C; Eberth, DA; Nesbitt, S; Zhao, Q; Hernandez, R; Jia, CK; Han, FL; Guo, Y (2009). "A Jurassic ceratosaur from China helps clarify avian digital homologies" (PDF). Nature. 459 (7249): 940–944. Bibcode:2009Natur.459..940X. doi:10.1038/nature08124. PMID 19536256. S2CID 4358448.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Key, Alastair J.M.; Lycett, Stephen J. (2011). "Technology based evolution? A biometric test of the effects of handsize versus tool form on efficiency in an experimental cutting task". Journal of Archaeological Science. 38 (7): 1663–1670. Bibcode:2011JArSc..38.1663K. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2011.02.032.
Kivella, Tracy L.; Schmitt, Daniel (August 25, 2009). "Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor". PNAS. 106 (34): 14241–14246. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10614241K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901280106. PMC 2732797. PMID 19667206.
Lovejoy, C. Owen; Suwa, Gen; Simpson, Scott W.; Matternes, Jay H.; White, Tim D. (October 2009). "The Great Divides: Ardipithecus ramidus Reveals the Postcrania of Our Last Common Ancestors with African Apes". Science. 326 (5949): 101–102. Bibcode:2009Sci...326..100L. doi:10.1126/science.1175833. PMID 19810199. S2CID 19629241.
Morgan, Michael H.; Carrier, David R. (January 2013). "Protective buttressing of the human fist and the evolution of hominin hands". J Exp Biol. 216 (2): 236–244. Bibcode:2013JExpB.216..236M. doi:10.1242/jeb.075713. PMID 23255192.

massey.ac.nz

Marzke, Mary. "Evolution of the hand and bipedality". Massey University, NZ. Archived from the original on October 5, 1999. Retrieved September 21, 2017.

newscientist.com

Reardon, Sara (December 19, 2012). "Human hands evolved so we could punch each other". New Scientist. Retrieved September 21, 2017.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Xu, X; Clark, JM; Mo, J; Choiniere, J; Forster, CA; Erickson, GM; Hone, DWE; Sullivan, C; Eberth, DA; Nesbitt, S; Zhao, Q; Hernandez, R; Jia, CK; Han, FL; Guo, Y (2009). "A Jurassic ceratosaur from China helps clarify avian digital homologies" (PDF). Nature. 459 (7249): 940–944. Bibcode:2009Natur.459..940X. doi:10.1038/nature08124. PMID 19536256. S2CID 4358448.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Dawson-Amoah, K.; Varacallo, M. (2022). "Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Hand Intrinsic Muscles". NCBI. PMID 30969632. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
EL-Sobky, Tamer A.; Samir, Shady; Atiyya, Ahmed Naeem; Mahmoud, Shady; Aly, Ahmad S.; Soliman, Ramy (2018). "Current paediatric orthopaedic practice in hereditary multiple osteochondromas of the forearm: a systematic review". SICOT-J. 4: 10. doi:10.1051/sicotj/2018002. PMC 5863686. PMID 29565244.
Putz, RV; Tuppek, A. (November 1999). "Evolution of the hand". Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir. 31 (6): 357–61. doi:10.1055/s-1999-13552. PMID 10637723.
Kivella, Tracy L.; Schmitt, Daniel (August 25, 2009). "Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor". PNAS. 106 (34): 14241–14246. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10614241K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901280106. PMC 2732797. PMID 19667206.
Lovejoy, C. Owen; Suwa, Gen; Simpson, Scott W.; Matternes, Jay H.; White, Tim D. (October 2009). "The Great Divides: Ardipithecus ramidus Reveals the Postcrania of Our Last Common Ancestors with African Apes". Science. 326 (5949): 101–102. Bibcode:2009Sci...326..100L. doi:10.1126/science.1175833. PMID 19810199. S2CID 19629241.
Tocheri, Matthew W.; Orr, Caley M.; Jacofsky, Marc C.; Marzke, Mary W. (2008). "The evolutionary history of the hominin hand since the last common ancestor of Pan and Homo" (PDF). J. Anat. 212 (4): 544–562. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00865.x. PMC 2409097. PMID 18380869. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-09. Retrieved 2011-12-25.)
Morgan, Michael H.; Carrier, David R. (January 2013). "Protective buttressing of the human fist and the evolution of hominin hands". J Exp Biol. 216 (2): 236–244. Bibcode:2013JExpB.216..236M. doi:10.1242/jeb.075713. PMID 23255192.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dawson-Amoah, K.; Varacallo, M. (2022). "Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Hand Intrinsic Muscles". NCBI. PMID 30969632. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
EL-Sobky, Tamer A.; Samir, Shady; Atiyya, Ahmed Naeem; Mahmoud, Shady; Aly, Ahmad S.; Soliman, Ramy (2018). "Current paediatric orthopaedic practice in hereditary multiple osteochondromas of the forearm: a systematic review". SICOT-J. 4: 10. doi:10.1051/sicotj/2018002. PMC 5863686. PMID 29565244.
Kivella, Tracy L.; Schmitt, Daniel (August 25, 2009). "Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor". PNAS. 106 (34): 14241–14246. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10614241K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901280106. PMC 2732797. PMID 19667206.
Tocheri, Matthew W.; Orr, Caley M.; Jacofsky, Marc C.; Marzke, Mary W. (2008). "The evolutionary history of the hominin hand since the last common ancestor of Pan and Homo" (PDF). J. Anat. 212 (4): 544–562. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00865.x. PMC 2409097. PMID 18380869. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-09. Retrieved 2011-12-25.)

oed.com

"Web". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)

rero.ch

doc.rero.ch

Xu, X; Clark, JM; Mo, J; Choiniere, J; Forster, CA; Erickson, GM; Hone, DWE; Sullivan, C; Eberth, DA; Nesbitt, S; Zhao, Q; Hernandez, R; Jia, CK; Han, FL; Guo, Y (2009). "A Jurassic ceratosaur from China helps clarify avian digital homologies" (PDF). Nature. 459 (7249): 940–944. Bibcode:2009Natur.459..940X. doi:10.1038/nature08124. PMID 19536256. S2CID 4358448.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Xu, X; Clark, JM; Mo, J; Choiniere, J; Forster, CA; Erickson, GM; Hone, DWE; Sullivan, C; Eberth, DA; Nesbitt, S; Zhao, Q; Hernandez, R; Jia, CK; Han, FL; Guo, Y (2009). "A Jurassic ceratosaur from China helps clarify avian digital homologies" (PDF). Nature. 459 (7249): 940–944. Bibcode:2009Natur.459..940X. doi:10.1038/nature08124. PMID 19536256. S2CID 4358448.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Lovejoy, C. Owen; Suwa, Gen; Simpson, Scott W.; Matternes, Jay H.; White, Tim D. (October 2009). "The Great Divides: Ardipithecus ramidus Reveals the Postcrania of Our Last Common Ancestors with African Apes". Science. 326 (5949): 101–102. Bibcode:2009Sci...326..100L. doi:10.1126/science.1175833. PMID 19810199. S2CID 19629241.

si.edu

si-pddr.si.edu

Tocheri, Matthew W.; Orr, Caley M.; Jacofsky, Marc C.; Marzke, Mary W. (2008). "The evolutionary history of the hominin hand since the last common ancestor of Pan and Homo" (PDF). J. Anat. 212 (4): 544–562. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00865.x. PMC 2409097. PMID 18380869. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-09. Retrieved 2011-12-25.)

tdx.cat

Almécija, Sergio (2009). Evolution of the hand in Miocene apes: Implications for the appearance of the human hand (PhD thesis). Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. hdl:10803/3707. ISBN 978-84-693-4823-9. Retrieved 2023-03-25.

thefreedictionary.com

medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com

"web of fingers/ toes". Farlex Medical Dictionary. Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary. Retrieved 14 March 2016.

web.archive.org

Marzke, Mary. "Evolution of the hand and bipedality". Massey University, NZ. Archived from the original on October 5, 1999. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
Tocheri, Matthew W.; Orr, Caley M.; Jacofsky, Marc C.; Marzke, Mary W. (2008). "The evolutionary history of the hominin hand since the last common ancestor of Pan and Homo" (PDF). J. Anat. 212 (4): 544–562. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00865.x. PMC 2409097. PMID 18380869. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-09. Retrieved 2011-12-25.)