Haplogroup L-M20 (English Wikipedia)

Wells S (20 November 2007). Deep Ancestry: The Landmark DNA Quest to Decipher Our Distant Past. National Geographic Books. pp. 161–162. ISBN 978-1-4262-0211-7. This part of the M9 Eurasian clan migrated south once they reached the rugged and mountainous Pamir Knot region. The man who gave rise to marker M20 was possibly born in India or the Middle East. His ancestors arrived in India around 30,000 years ago and represent the earliest significant settlement of India.
Wells S (28 March 2017). The Journey of Man: A Genetic Odyssey. Princeton University Press. pp. 111–113. ISBN 978-0-691-17601-7.

doi.org

Van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome". Human Mutation. 35 (2): 187–91. doi:10.1002/humu.22468. PMID 24166809. S2CID 23291764.
see Basu 2003, Cordaux 2004, Sengupta 2006, and Thamseem 2006. Basu A, Mukherjee N, Roy S, Sengupta S, Banerjee S, Chakraborty M, et al. (October 2003). "Ethnic India: a genomic view, with special reference to peopling and structure". Genome Research. 13 (10): 2277–2290. doi:10.1101/gr.1413403. PMC 403703. PMID 14525929. Cordaux R, Aunger R, Bentley G, Nasidze I, Sirajuddin SM, Stoneking M (February 2004). "Independent origins of Indian caste and tribal paternal lineages". Current Biology. 14 (3): 231–235. Bibcode:2004CBio...14..231C. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.01.024. PMID 14761656. S2CID 5721248. Sengupta S, Zhivotovsky LA, King R, Mehdi SQ, Edmonds CA, Chow CE, et al. (February 2006). "Polarity and temporality of high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists". American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 202–221. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607. Thanseem I, Thangaraj K, Chaubey G, Singh VK, Bhaskar LV, Reddy BM, et al. (August 2006). "Genetic affinities among the lower castes and tribal groups of India: inference from Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA". BMC Genetics. 7: 42. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-7-42. PMC 1569435. PMID 16893451.
Mahal 2018. Mahal DG, Matsoukas IG (23 January 2018). "The Geographic Origins of Ethnic Groups in the Indian Subcontinent: Exploring Ancient Footprints with Y-DNA Haplogroups". Frontiers in Genetics. 9: 4. doi:10.3389/fgene.2018.00004. PMC 5787057. PMID 29410676.
Lacau H, Gayden T, Regueiro M, Chennakrishnaiah S, Bukhari A, Underhill PA, et al. (October 2012). "Afghanistan from a Y-chromosome perspective". European Journal of Human Genetics. 20 (10): 1063–1070. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2012.59. PMC 3449065. PMID 22510847.
Sengupta 2006. Sengupta S, Zhivotovsky LA, King R, Mehdi SQ, Edmonds CA, Chow CE, et al. (February 2006). "Polarity and temporality of high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists". American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 202–221. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607.
Chiaroni J, Underhill PA, Cavalli-Sforza LL (December 2009). "Y chromosome diversity, human expansion, drift, and cultural evolution". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (48): 20174–20179. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10620174C. doi:10.1073/pnas.0910803106. JSTOR 25593348. PMC 2787129. PMID 19920170.
Qamar R, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Helgason A, Mazhar K, Mansoor A, et al. (May 2002). "Y-chromosomal DNA variation in Pakistan". American Journal of Human Genetics. 70 (5): 1107–1124. doi:10.1086/339929. PMC 447589. PMID 11898125.
Zhao Z, Khan F, Borkar M, Herrera R, Agrawal S (2009). "Presence of three different paternal lineages among North Indians: a study of 560 Y chromosomes". Annals of Human Biology. 36 (1): 46–59. doi:10.1080/03014460802558522. PMC 2755252. PMID 19058044.
Thanseem I, Thangaraj K, Chaubey G, Singh VK, Bhaskar LV, Reddy BM, et al. (August 2006). "Genetic affinities among the lower castes and tribal groups of India: inference from Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA". BMC Genetics. 7 (1): 42. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-7-42. PMC 1569435. PMID 16893451.
Cordaux R, Aunger R, Bentley G, Nasidze I, Sirajuddin SM, Stoneking M (February 2004). "Independent origins of Indian caste and tribal paternal lineages". Current Biology. 14 (3): 231–235. Bibcode:2004CBio...14..231C. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.01.024. PMID 14761656. S2CID 5721248.
McElreavey K, Quintana-Murci L (2005). "A population genetics perspective of the Indus Valley through uniparentally-inherited markers". Annals of Human Biology. 32 (2): 154–162. doi:10.1080/03014460500076223. PMID 16096211. S2CID 109014.
Thangaraj K, Naidu BP, Crivellaro F, Tamang R, Upadhyay S, Sharma VK, et al. (December 2010). "The influence of natural barriers in shaping the genetic structure of Maharashtra populations". PLOS ONE. 5 (12): e15283. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...515283T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015283. PMC 3004917. PMID 21187967.
Mahal DG, Matsoukas IG (20 September 2017). "Y-STR Haplogroup Diversity in the Jat Population Reveals Several Different Ancient Origins". Frontiers in Genetics. 8: 121. doi:10.3389/fgene.2017.00121. PMC 5611447. PMID 28979290.
Sengupta 2006, p. 218. Sengupta S, Zhivotovsky LA, King R, Mehdi SQ, Edmonds CA, Chow CE, et al. (February 2006). "Polarity and temporality of high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists". American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 202–221. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607.
Kivisild 2003. Kivisild T, Rootsi S, Metspalu M, Mastana S, Kaldma K, Parik J, et al. (February 2003). "The genetic heritage of the earliest settlers persists both in Indian tribal and caste populations". American Journal of Human Genetics. 72 (2): 313–332. doi:10.1086/346068. PMC 379225. PMID 12536373.
Sengupta 2006, p. 219. Sengupta S, Zhivotovsky LA, King R, Mehdi SQ, Edmonds CA, Chow CE, et al. (February 2006). "Polarity and temporality of high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists". American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 202–221. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607.
Sengupta 2006, p. 220. Sengupta S, Zhivotovsky LA, King R, Mehdi SQ, Edmonds CA, Chow CE, et al. (February 2006). "Polarity and temporality of high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists". American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 202–221. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607.
Qamar 2002. Qamar R, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Helgason A, Mazhar K, Mansoor A, et al. (May 2002). "Y-chromosomal DNA variation in Pakistan". American Journal of Human Genetics. 70 (5): 1107–1124. doi:10.1086/339929. PMC 447589. PMID 11898125.
Shah 2011. Shah AM, Tamang R, Moorjani P, Rani DS, Govindaraj P, Kulkarni G, et al. (July 2011). "Indian Siddis: African descendants with Indian admixture". American Journal of Human Genetics. 89 (1): 154–161. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.05.030. PMC 3135801. PMID 21741027.
Sharma S, Rai E, Sharma P, Jena M, Singh S, Darvishi K, et al. (January 2009). "The Indian origin of paternal haplogroup R1a1* substantiates the autochthonous origin of Brahmins and the caste system". Journal of Human Genetics. 54 (1): 47–55. doi:10.1038/jhg.2008.2. PMID 19158816.
Kivisild T, Rootsi S, Metspalu M, Mastana S, Kaldma K, Parik J, et al. (February 2003). "The genetic heritage of the earliest settlers persists both in Indian tribal and caste populations". American Journal of Human Genetics. 72 (2): 313–332. doi:10.1086/346068. PMC 379225. PMID 12536373.
Sengupta S, Zhivotovsky LA, King R, Mehdi SQ, Edmonds CA, Chow CE, et al. (February 2006). "Polarity and temporality of high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists". American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 202–221. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607.
Arunkumar G, Soria-Hernanz DF, Kavitha VJ, Arun VS, Syama A, Ashokan KS, et al. (2012-11-28). "Population differentiation of southern Indian male lineages correlates with agricultural expansions predating the caste system". PLOS ONE. 7 (11): e50269. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050269. PMC 3508930. PMID 23209694.
Wells 2001. Wells RS, Yuldasheva N, Ruzibakiev R, Underhill PA, Evseeva I, Blue-Smith J, et al. (August 2001). "The Eurasian heartland: a continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (18): 10244–10249. Bibcode:2001PNAS...9810244W. doi:10.1073/pnas.171305098. PMC 56946. PMID 11526236.
Chaubey G, Singh M, Rai N, Kariappa M, Singh K, Singh A, et al. (January 2016). "Genetic affinities of the Jewish populations of India". Scientific Reports. 6: 19166. Bibcode:2016NatSR...619166C. doi:10.1038/srep19166. PMC 4725824. PMID 26759184.
Di Cristofaro J, Pennarun E, Mazières S, Myres NM, Lin AA, Temori SA, et al. (2013). "Afghan Hindu Kush: where Eurasian sub-continent gene flows converge". PLOS ONE. 8 (10): e76748. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...876748D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076748. PMC 3799995. PMID 24204668.
Qamar R, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Helgason A, Mazhar K, Mansoor A, et al. (May 2002). "Y-chromosomal DNA variation in Pakistan". American Journal of Human Genetics. 70 (5): 1107–1124. doi:10.1086/339929. PMC 447589. PMID 11898125.
Firasat et al. 2007. Firasat S, Khaliq S, Mohyuddin A, Papaioannou M, Tyler-Smith C, Underhill PA, et al. (January 2007). "Y-chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan". European Journal of Human Genetics. 15 (1): 121–126. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201726. PMC 2588664. PMID 17047675.
Lacau H, Gayden T, Regueiro M, Chennakrishnaiah S, Bukhari A, Underhill PA, et al. (October 2012). "Afghanistan from a Y-chromosome perspective". European Journal of Human Genetics. 20 (10): 1063–1070. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2012.59. PMC 3449065. PMID 22510847.
Haber M, Platt DE, Ashrafian Bonab M, Youhanna SC, Soria-Hernanz DF, Martínez-Cruz B, et al. (2012). "Afghanistan's ethnic groups share a Y-chromosomal heritage structured by historical events". PLOS ONE. 7 (3): e34288. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...734288H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034288. PMC 3314501. PMID 22470552.
Di Cristofaro J, Pennarun E, Mazières S, Myres NM, Lin AA, Temori SA, et al. (2013). "Afghan Hindu Kush: where Eurasian sub-continent gene flows converge". PLOS ONE. 8 (10): e76748. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...876748D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076748. PMC 3799995. PMID 24204668.
Zhong 2010. Zhong H, Shi H, Qi XB, Duan ZY, Tan PP, Jin L, et al. (January 2011). "Extended Y chromosome investigation suggests postglacial migrations of modern humans into East Asia via the northern route". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 28 (1): 717–727. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq247. PMID 20837606.
Fedorova 2013. Fedorova SA, Reidla M, Metspalu E, Metspalu M, Rootsi S, Tambets K, et al. (June 2013). "Autosomal and uniparental portraits of the native populations of Sakha (Yakutia): implications for the peopling of Northeast Eurasia". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 13 (127): 127. Bibcode:2013BMCEE..13..127F. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-127. PMC 3695835. PMID 23782551.
Karafet et al. 2010. Karafet TM, Hallmark B, Cox MP, Sudoyo H, Downey S, Lansing JS, et al. (August 2010). "Major east-west division underlies Y chromosome stratification across Indonesia". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 27 (8): 1833–1844. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq063. PMID 20207712.
Kim 2011. Kim SH, Kim KC, Shin DJ, Jin HJ, Kwak KD, Han MS, et al. (April 2011). "High frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroup O2b-SRY465 lineages in Korea: a genetic perspective on the peopling of Korea". Investigative Genetics. 2 (1): 10. doi:10.1186/2041-2223-2-10. PMC 3087676. PMID 21463511.
Soodyall H (October 2013). "Lemba origins revisited: tracing the ancestry of Y chromosomes in South African and Zimbabwean Lemba". South African Medical Journal = Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Geneeskunde. 103 (12 Suppl 1): 1009–1013. doi:10.7196/SAMJ.7297. PMID 24300649.
Msaidie S, Ducourneau A, Boetsch G, Longepied G, Papa K, Allibert C, et al. (January 2011). "Genetic diversity on the Comoros Islands shows early seafaring as major determinant of human biocultural evolution in the Western Indian Ocean" (PDF). European Journal of Human Genetics. 19 (1): 89–94. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2010.128. PMC 3039498. PMID 20700146. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-07. Retrieved 2016-10-05.
Shah AM, Tamang R, Moorjani P, Rani DS, Govindaraj P, Kulkarni G, et al. (July 2011). "Indian Siddis: African descendants with Indian admixture". American Journal of Human Genetics. 89 (1): 154–161. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.05.030. PMC 3135801. PMID 21741027.
Balanovsky O, Dibirova K, Dybo A, Mudrak O, Frolova S, Pocheshkhova E, et al. (October 2011). "Parallel evolution of genes and languages in the Caucasus region". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 28 (10): 2905–2920. doi:10.1093/molbev/msr126. PMC 3355373. PMID 21571925.
Yunusbayev B, Metspalu M, Järve M, Kutuev I, Rootsi S, Metspalu E, et al. (January 2012). "The Caucasus as an asymmetric semipermeable barrier to ancient human migrations". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 29 (1): 359–365. doi:10.1093/molbev/msr221. PMID 21917723.
Di Cristofaro J, Pennarun E, Mazières S, Myres NM, Lin AA, Temori SA, et al. (2013). "Afghan Hindu Kush: where Eurasian sub-continent gene flows converge". PLOS ONE. 8 (10): e76748. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...876748D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076748. PMC 3799995. PMID 24204668.
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escholarship.org

Margaryan A, Lawson DJ, Sikora M, Racimo F, Rasmussen S, Moltke I, et al. (September 2020). "Population genomics of the Viking world". Nature. 585 (7825): 390–396. Bibcode:2020Natur.585..390M. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2688-8. hdl:10852/83989. PMID 32939067. S2CID 221769227.

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"Azerbaijan DNA". FamilyTreeDNA. Gene by Gene, Ltd.
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handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Skourtanioti E, Erdal YS, Frangipane M, Balossi Restelli F, Yener KA, Pinnock F, et al. (May 2020). "Genomic History of Neolithic to Bronze Age Anatolia, Northern Levant, and Southern Caucasus". Cell. 181 (5): 1158–1175.e28. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.044. hdl:20.500.12154/1254. PMID 32470401. S2CID 219105572.
Margaryan A, Lawson DJ, Sikora M, Racimo F, Rasmussen S, Moltke I, et al. (September 2020). "Population genomics of the Viking world". Nature. 585 (7825): 390–396. Bibcode:2020Natur.585..390M. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2688-8. hdl:10852/83989. PMID 32939067. S2CID 221769227.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

see Basu 2003, Cordaux 2004, Sengupta 2006, and Thamseem 2006. Basu A, Mukherjee N, Roy S, Sengupta S, Banerjee S, Chakraborty M, et al. (October 2003). "Ethnic India: a genomic view, with special reference to peopling and structure". Genome Research. 13 (10): 2277–2290. doi:10.1101/gr.1413403. PMC 403703. PMID 14525929. Cordaux R, Aunger R, Bentley G, Nasidze I, Sirajuddin SM, Stoneking M (February 2004). "Independent origins of Indian caste and tribal paternal lineages". Current Biology. 14 (3): 231–235. Bibcode:2004CBio...14..231C. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.01.024. PMID 14761656. S2CID 5721248. Sengupta S, Zhivotovsky LA, King R, Mehdi SQ, Edmonds CA, Chow CE, et al. (February 2006). "Polarity and temporality of high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists". American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 202–221. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607. Thanseem I, Thangaraj K, Chaubey G, Singh VK, Bhaskar LV, Reddy BM, et al. (August 2006). "Genetic affinities among the lower castes and tribal groups of India: inference from Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA". BMC Genetics. 7: 42. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-7-42. PMC 1569435. PMID 16893451.
Chiaroni J, Underhill PA, Cavalli-Sforza LL (December 2009). "Y chromosome diversity, human expansion, drift, and cultural evolution". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (48): 20174–20179. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10620174C. doi:10.1073/pnas.0910803106. JSTOR 25593348. PMC 2787129. PMID 19920170.
Cordaux R, Aunger R, Bentley G, Nasidze I, Sirajuddin SM, Stoneking M (February 2004). "Independent origins of Indian caste and tribal paternal lineages". Current Biology. 14 (3): 231–235. Bibcode:2004CBio...14..231C. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.01.024. PMID 14761656. S2CID 5721248.
Thangaraj K, Naidu BP, Crivellaro F, Tamang R, Upadhyay S, Sharma VK, et al. (December 2010). "The influence of natural barriers in shaping the genetic structure of Maharashtra populations". PLOS ONE. 5 (12): e15283. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...515283T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015283. PMC 3004917. PMID 21187967.
Wells 2001. Wells RS, Yuldasheva N, Ruzibakiev R, Underhill PA, Evseeva I, Blue-Smith J, et al. (August 2001). "The Eurasian heartland: a continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (18): 10244–10249. Bibcode:2001PNAS...9810244W. doi:10.1073/pnas.171305098. PMC 56946. PMID 11526236.
Chaubey G, Singh M, Rai N, Kariappa M, Singh K, Singh A, et al. (January 2016). "Genetic affinities of the Jewish populations of India". Scientific Reports. 6: 19166. Bibcode:2016NatSR...619166C. doi:10.1038/srep19166. PMC 4725824. PMID 26759184.
Di Cristofaro J, Pennarun E, Mazières S, Myres NM, Lin AA, Temori SA, et al. (2013). "Afghan Hindu Kush: where Eurasian sub-continent gene flows converge". PLOS ONE. 8 (10): e76748. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...876748D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076748. PMC 3799995. PMID 24204668.
Haber M, Platt DE, Ashrafian Bonab M, Youhanna SC, Soria-Hernanz DF, Martínez-Cruz B, et al. (2012). "Afghanistan's ethnic groups share a Y-chromosomal heritage structured by historical events". PLOS ONE. 7 (3): e34288. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...734288H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034288. PMC 3314501. PMID 22470552.
Di Cristofaro J, Pennarun E, Mazières S, Myres NM, Lin AA, Temori SA, et al. (2013). "Afghan Hindu Kush: where Eurasian sub-continent gene flows converge". PLOS ONE. 8 (10): e76748. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...876748D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076748. PMC 3799995. PMID 24204668.
Fedorova 2013. Fedorova SA, Reidla M, Metspalu E, Metspalu M, Rootsi S, Tambets K, et al. (June 2013). "Autosomal and uniparental portraits of the native populations of Sakha (Yakutia): implications for the peopling of Northeast Eurasia". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 13 (127): 127. Bibcode:2013BMCEE..13..127F. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-127. PMC 3695835. PMID 23782551.
Di Cristofaro J, Pennarun E, Mazières S, Myres NM, Lin AA, Temori SA, et al. (2013). "Afghan Hindu Kush: where Eurasian sub-continent gene flows converge". PLOS ONE. 8 (10): e76748. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...876748D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076748. PMC 3799995. PMID 24204668.
Ingman T, Eisenmann S, Skourtanioti E, Akar M, Ilgner J, Gnecchi Ruscone GA, et al. (2021). "Human mobility at Tell Atchana (Alalakh), Hatay, Turkey during the 2nd millennium BC: Integration of isotopic and genomic evidence". PLOS ONE. 16 (6): e0241883. Bibcode:2021PLoSO..1641883I. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0241883. PMC 8244877. PMID 34191795.
Margaryan A, Lawson DJ, Sikora M, Racimo F, Rasmussen S, Moltke I, et al. (September 2020). "Population genomics of the Viking world". Nature. 585 (7825): 390–396. Bibcode:2020Natur.585..390M. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2688-8. hdl:10852/83989. PMID 32939067. S2CID 221769227.
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Sengupta 2006. Sengupta S, Zhivotovsky LA, King R, Mehdi SQ, Edmonds CA, Chow CE, et al. (February 2006). "Polarity and temporality of high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists". American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 202–221. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607.
Chiaroni J, Underhill PA, Cavalli-Sforza LL (December 2009). "Y chromosome diversity, human expansion, drift, and cultural evolution". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (48): 20174–20179. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10620174C. doi:10.1073/pnas.0910803106. JSTOR 25593348. PMC 2787129. PMID 19920170.
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Thanseem I, Thangaraj K, Chaubey G, Singh VK, Bhaskar LV, Reddy BM, et al. (August 2006). "Genetic affinities among the lower castes and tribal groups of India: inference from Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA". BMC Genetics. 7 (1): 42. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-7-42. PMC 1569435. PMID 16893451.
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Sengupta 2006, p. 218. Sengupta S, Zhivotovsky LA, King R, Mehdi SQ, Edmonds CA, Chow CE, et al. (February 2006). "Polarity and temporality of high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists". American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 202–221. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607.
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Sengupta S, Zhivotovsky LA, King R, Mehdi SQ, Edmonds CA, Chow CE, et al. (February 2006). "Polarity and temporality of high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists". American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 202–221. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607.
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Qamar R, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Helgason A, Mazhar K, Mansoor A, et al. (May 2002). "Y-chromosomal DNA variation in Pakistan". American Journal of Human Genetics. 70 (5): 1107–1124. doi:10.1086/339929. PMC 447589. PMID 11898125.
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ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

see Basu 2003, Cordaux 2004, Sengupta 2006, and Thamseem 2006. Basu A, Mukherjee N, Roy S, Sengupta S, Banerjee S, Chakraborty M, et al. (October 2003). "Ethnic India: a genomic view, with special reference to peopling and structure". Genome Research. 13 (10): 2277–2290. doi:10.1101/gr.1413403. PMC 403703. PMID 14525929. Cordaux R, Aunger R, Bentley G, Nasidze I, Sirajuddin SM, Stoneking M (February 2004). "Independent origins of Indian caste and tribal paternal lineages". Current Biology. 14 (3): 231–235. Bibcode:2004CBio...14..231C. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.01.024. PMID 14761656. S2CID 5721248. Sengupta S, Zhivotovsky LA, King R, Mehdi SQ, Edmonds CA, Chow CE, et al. (February 2006). "Polarity and temporality of high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists". American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 202–221. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607. Thanseem I, Thangaraj K, Chaubey G, Singh VK, Bhaskar LV, Reddy BM, et al. (August 2006). "Genetic affinities among the lower castes and tribal groups of India: inference from Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA". BMC Genetics. 7: 42. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-7-42. PMC 1569435. PMID 16893451.
Mahal 2018. Mahal DG, Matsoukas IG (23 January 2018). "The Geographic Origins of Ethnic Groups in the Indian Subcontinent: Exploring Ancient Footprints with Y-DNA Haplogroups". Frontiers in Genetics. 9: 4. doi:10.3389/fgene.2018.00004. PMC 5787057. PMID 29410676.
Lacau H, Gayden T, Regueiro M, Chennakrishnaiah S, Bukhari A, Underhill PA, et al. (October 2012). "Afghanistan from a Y-chromosome perspective". European Journal of Human Genetics. 20 (10): 1063–1070. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2012.59. PMC 3449065. PMID 22510847.
Sengupta 2006. Sengupta S, Zhivotovsky LA, King R, Mehdi SQ, Edmonds CA, Chow CE, et al. (February 2006). "Polarity and temporality of high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists". American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 202–221. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607.
Chiaroni J, Underhill PA, Cavalli-Sforza LL (December 2009). "Y chromosome diversity, human expansion, drift, and cultural evolution". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (48): 20174–20179. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10620174C. doi:10.1073/pnas.0910803106. JSTOR 25593348. PMC 2787129. PMID 19920170.
Qamar R, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Helgason A, Mazhar K, Mansoor A, et al. (May 2002). "Y-chromosomal DNA variation in Pakistan". American Journal of Human Genetics. 70 (5): 1107–1124. doi:10.1086/339929. PMC 447589. PMID 11898125.
Zhao Z, Khan F, Borkar M, Herrera R, Agrawal S (2009). "Presence of three different paternal lineages among North Indians: a study of 560 Y chromosomes". Annals of Human Biology. 36 (1): 46–59. doi:10.1080/03014460802558522. PMC 2755252. PMID 19058044.
Thanseem I, Thangaraj K, Chaubey G, Singh VK, Bhaskar LV, Reddy BM, et al. (August 2006). "Genetic affinities among the lower castes and tribal groups of India: inference from Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA". BMC Genetics. 7 (1): 42. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-7-42. PMC 1569435. PMID 16893451.
Thangaraj K, Naidu BP, Crivellaro F, Tamang R, Upadhyay S, Sharma VK, et al. (December 2010). "The influence of natural barriers in shaping the genetic structure of Maharashtra populations". PLOS ONE. 5 (12): e15283. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...515283T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015283. PMC 3004917. PMID 21187967.
Mahal DG, Matsoukas IG (20 September 2017). "Y-STR Haplogroup Diversity in the Jat Population Reveals Several Different Ancient Origins". Frontiers in Genetics. 8: 121. doi:10.3389/fgene.2017.00121. PMC 5611447. PMID 28979290.
Sengupta 2006, p. 218. Sengupta S, Zhivotovsky LA, King R, Mehdi SQ, Edmonds CA, Chow CE, et al. (February 2006). "Polarity and temporality of high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists". American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 202–221. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607.
Kivisild 2003. Kivisild T, Rootsi S, Metspalu M, Mastana S, Kaldma K, Parik J, et al. (February 2003). "The genetic heritage of the earliest settlers persists both in Indian tribal and caste populations". American Journal of Human Genetics. 72 (2): 313–332. doi:10.1086/346068. PMC 379225. PMID 12536373.
Sengupta 2006, p. 219. Sengupta S, Zhivotovsky LA, King R, Mehdi SQ, Edmonds CA, Chow CE, et al. (February 2006). "Polarity and temporality of high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists". American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 202–221. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607.
Sengupta 2006, p. 220. Sengupta S, Zhivotovsky LA, King R, Mehdi SQ, Edmonds CA, Chow CE, et al. (February 2006). "Polarity and temporality of high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists". American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 202–221. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607.
Qamar 2002. Qamar R, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Helgason A, Mazhar K, Mansoor A, et al. (May 2002). "Y-chromosomal DNA variation in Pakistan". American Journal of Human Genetics. 70 (5): 1107–1124. doi:10.1086/339929. PMC 447589. PMID 11898125.
Shah 2011. Shah AM, Tamang R, Moorjani P, Rani DS, Govindaraj P, Kulkarni G, et al. (July 2011). "Indian Siddis: African descendants with Indian admixture". American Journal of Human Genetics. 89 (1): 154–161. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.05.030. PMC 3135801. PMID 21741027.
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Sengupta S, Zhivotovsky LA, King R, Mehdi SQ, Edmonds CA, Chow CE, et al. (February 2006). "Polarity and temporality of high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists". American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 202–221. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607.
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phylotree.org

K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznik op. cit.; YFull YTree v5.08, 2017, "K-M2335", and; PhyloTree, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree" (Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017)

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web.archive.org

Learn about Y-chromosome Haplogroup L Genebase Tutorials
Msaidie S, Ducourneau A, Boetsch G, Longepied G, Papa K, Allibert C, et al. (January 2011). "Genetic diversity on the Comoros Islands shows early seafaring as major determinant of human biocultural evolution in the Western Indian Ocean" (PDF). European Journal of Human Genetics. 19 (1): 89–94. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2010.128. PMC 3039498. PMID 20700146. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-07. Retrieved 2016-10-05.
Krahn T. "FTDNA Draft Y-DNA Tree (AKA YTree)". Family Tree DNA. Archived from the original on 2015-08-15. Retrieved 2013-01-01.

wikipedia.org

en.wikipedia.org

"Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Sub-Saharan Africa", Wikipedia, 2023-11-21, retrieved 2023-12-15

worldcat.org

Narasimhan VM, Patterson N, Moorjani P, Rohland N, Bernardos R, Mallick S, et al. (2019-09-06). "The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia". Science. 365 (6457). bioRxiv 10.1101/292581. doi:10.1126/science.aat7487. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 6822619. PMID 31488661.

yfull.com

K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznik op. cit.; YFull YTree v5.08, 2017, "K-M2335", and; PhyloTree, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree" (Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017)
Yfull Tree L Haplogroup YTree v8.09.00 (08 October 2020)
"L-M349 YTree".