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Haplogroup X (mtDNA) (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Haplogroup X (mtDNA)" in English language version.

refsWebsite
Global rank English rank
28nih.gov
4th place
4th place
18doi.org
2nd place
2nd place
4semanticscholar.org
11th place
8th place
4harvard.edu
18th place
17th place
2worldcat.org
5th place
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2web.archive.org
1st place
1st place
1handle.net
102nd place
76th place
1dnalc.org
low place
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1physorg.com
6,156th place
5,640th place
1genebase.com
low place
low place
1cambridgedna.com
low place
low place
1livescience.com
1,190th place
959th place

cambridgedna.com

dnalc.org

doi.org

  • X is estimated at 31.8+12.8
    −12.1     kya     (95% CI) in: "Supplementary Materials, Document S1" in: Soares, Pedro; Ermini, Luca; Thomson, Noel; Mormina, Maru; Rito, Teresa; Röhl, Arne; Salas, Antonio; Oppenheimer, Stephen; Macaulay, Vincent; Richards, Martin B. (12 June 2009). "Correcting for Purifying Selection: An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock". American Journal of Human Genetics. 84 (6): 740–759. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.05.001. PMC 2694979. PMID 19500773.
  • Havaš Auguštin, Dubravka; Šarac, Jelena; Reidla, Maere; Tamm, Erika; Grahovac, Blaženka; Kapović, Miljenko; Novokmet, Natalija; Rudan, Pavao; Missoni, Saša; Marjanović, Damir; Korolija, Marina (August 2023). "Refining the Global Phylogeny of Mitochondrial N1a, X, and HV2 Haplogroups Based on Rare Mitogenomes from Croatian Isolates". Genes. 14 (8): 1614. doi:10.3390/genes14081614. ISSN 2073-4425. PMC 10454736. PMID 37628665.
  • van Oven M, Kayser M (February 2009). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation. 30 (2): E386–394. doi:10.1002/humu.20921. PMID 18853457. S2CID 27566749.
  • Malhi, Ripan S.; Smith, David Glenn (September 2002). "Brief communication: Haplogroup X confirmed in prehistoric North America". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 119 (1): 84–86. doi:10.1002/ajpa.10106. hdl:2027.42/34275. PMID 12209576.
  • Brown, Michael D.; Hosseini, Seyed H.; Torroni, Antonio; Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen; Allen, Jon C.; Schurr, Theodore G.; Scozzari, Rosaria; Cruciani, Fulvio; Wallace, Douglas C. (1 December 1998). "mtDNA Haplogroup X: An Ancient Link between Europe/Western Asia and North America?". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 63 (6): 1852–1861. doi:10.1086/302155. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 1377656. PMID 9837837.
  • Kujanová, Martina; Pereira, Luísa; Fernandes, Verónica; Pereira, Joana B.; Černý, Viktor (October 2009). "Near Eastern Neolithic genetic input in a small oasis of the Egyptian Western Desert". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 140 (2): 336–346. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21078. PMID 19425100.
  • Perego, Ugo A.; Achilli, Alessandro; Angerhofer, Norman; Accetturo, Matteo; Pala, Maria; Olivieri, Anna; Kashani, Baharak Hooshiar; Ritchie, Kathleen H.; Scozzari, Rosaria; Kong, Qing-Peng; Myres, Natalie M.; Salas, Antonio; Semino, Ornella; Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen; Woodward, Scott R.; Torroni, Antonio (January 2009). "Distinctive Paleo-Indian Migration Routes from Beringia Marked by Two Rare mtDNA Haplogroups". Current Biology. 19 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.11.058. PMID 19135370. S2CID 9729731.
  • Lipson, Mark; Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna; Mallick, Swapan; Pósa, Annamária; Stégmár, Balázs; Keerl, Victoria; Rohland, Nadin; Stewardson, Kristin; Ferry, Matthew; Michel, Megan; Oppenheimer, Jonas; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Harney, Eadaoin; Nordenfelt, Susanne; Llamas, Bastien; Gusztáv Mende, Balázs; Köhler, Kitti; Oross, Krisztián; Bondár, Mária; Marton, Tibor; Osztás, Anett; Jakucs, János; Paluch, Tibor; Horváth, Ferenc; Csengeri, Piroska; Koós, Judit; Sebők, Katalin; Anders, Alexandra; Raczky, Pál; Regenye, Judit; Barna, Judit P.; Fábián, Szilvia; Serlegi, Gábor; Toldi, Zoltán; Gyöngyvér Nagy, Emese; Dani, János; Molnár, Erika; Pálfi, György; Márk, László; Melegh, Béla; Bánfai, Zsolt; Domboróczki, László; Fernández-Eraso, Javier; Antonio Mujika-Alustiza, José; Alonso Fernández, Carmen; Jiménez Echevarría, Javier; Bollongino, Ruth; Orschiedt, Jörg; Schierhold, Kerstin; Meller, Harald; Cooper, Alan; Burger, Joachim; Bánffy, Eszter; Alt, Kurt W.; Lalueza-Fox, Carles; Haak, Wolfgang; Reich, David (November 2017). "Parallel palaeogenomic transects reveal complex genetic history of early European farmers". Nature. 551 (7680): 368–372. Bibcode:2017Natur.551..368L. doi:10.1038/nature24476. PMC 5973800. PMID 29144465.
  • Schuenemann, Verena J.; Peltzer, Alexander; Welte, Beatrix; van Pelt, W. Paul; Molak, Martyna; Wang, Chuan-Chao; Furtwängler, Anja; Urban, Christian; Reiter, Ella; Nieselt, Kay; Teßmann, Barbara; Francken, Michael; Harvati, Katerina; Haak, Wolfgang; Schiffels, Stephan; Krause, Johannes (August 2017). "Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods". Nature Communications. 8 (1): 15694. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815694S. doi:10.1038/ncomms15694. PMC 5459999. PMID 28556824.
  • Fregel, Rosa; Méndez, Fernando L.; Bokbot, Youssef; Martín-Socas, Dimas; Camalich-Massieu, María D.; Santana, Jonathan; Morales, Jacob; Ávila-Arcos, María C.; Underhill, Peter A.; Shapiro, Beth; Wojcik, Genevieve; Rasmussen, Morten; Soares, André E. R.; Kapp, Joshua; Sockell, Alexandra; Rodríguez-Santos, Francisco J.; Mikdad, Abdeslam; Trujillo-Mederos, Aioze; Bustamante, Carlos D. (26 June 2018). "Ancient genomes from North Africa evidence prehistoric migrations to the Maghreb from both the Levant and Europe". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115 (26): 6774–6779. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.6774F. bioRxiv 10.1101/191569. doi:10.1073/pnas.1800851115. PMC 6042094. PMID 29895688.
  • Reidla, Maere; Kivisild, Toomas; Metspalu, Ene; Kaldma, Katrin; Tambets, Kristiina; Tolk, Helle-Viivi; Parik, Jüri; Loogväli, Eva-Liis; Derenko, Miroslava; Malyarchuk, Boris; Bermisheva, Marina; Zhadanov, Sergey; Pennarun, Erwan; Gubina, Marina; Golubenko, Maria; Damba, Larisa; Fedorova, Sardana; Gusar, Vladislava; Grechanina, Elena; Mikerezi, Ilia; Moisan, Jean-Paul; Chaventré, André; Khusnutdinova, Elsa; Osipova, Ludmila; Stepanov, Vadim; Voevoda, Mikhail; Achilli, Alessandro; Rengo, Chiara; Rickards, Olga; De Stefano, Gian Franco; Papiha, Surinder; Beckman, Lars; Janicijevic, Branka; Rudan, Pavao; Anagnou, Nicholas; Michalodimitrakis, Emmanuel; Koziel, Slawomir; Usanga, Esien; Geberhiwot, Tarekegn; Herrnstadt, Corinna; Howell, Neil; Torroni, Antonio; Villems, Richard (November 2003). "Origin and Diffusion of mtDNA Haplogroup X". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 73 (5): 1178–1190. doi:10.1086/379380. PMC 1180497. PMID 14574647.
  • Shlush, Liran I.; Behar, Doron M.; Yudkovsky, Guennady; Templeton, Alan; Hadid, Yarin; Basis, Fuad; Hammer, Michael; Itzkovitz, Shalev; Skorecki, Karl (7 May 2008). "The Druze: A Population Genetic Refugium of the Near East". PLOS ONE. 3 (5): e2105. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.2105S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002105. PMC 2324201. PMID 18461126.
  • Fagundes, Nelson J.R.; Kanitz, Ricardo; Eckert, Roberta; Valls, Ana C.S.; Bogo, Mauricio R.; Salzano, Francisco M.; Smith, David Glenn; Silva, Wilson A.; Zago, Marco A.; Ribeiro-dos-Santos, Andrea K.; Santos, Sidney E.B.; Petzl-Erler, Maria Luiza; Bonatto, Sandro L. (March 2008). "Mitochondrial Population Genomics Supports a Single Pre-Clovis Origin with a Coastal Route for the Peopling of the Americas". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 82 (3): 583–592. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.11.013. PMC 2427228. PMID 18313026.
  • Peñaloza-Espinosa, Rosenda I.; Arenas-Aranda, Diego; Cerda-Flores, Ricardo M.; Buentello-Malo, Leonor.; González-Valencia, Gerardo.; Torres, Javier; Álvarez, Berenice; Mendoza, Irma; Flores, Mario; Sandoval, Lucila; Loeza, Francisco; Ramos, Irma; Muñoz, Leopoldo; Salamanca, Fabio (2007). "Characterization of mtDNA Haplogroups in 14 Mexican Indigenous Populations". Human Biology. 79 (3): 313–320. doi:10.1353/hub.2007.0042. PMID 18078204. S2CID 35654242.
  • Derenko MV, Grzybowski T, Malyarchuk BA, Czarny J, Miścicka-Sliwka D, Zakharov IA (July 2001). "The presence of mitochondrial haplogroup x in Altaians from South Siberia". American Journal of Human Genetics. 69 (1): 237–241. doi:10.1086/321266. PMC 1226041. PMID 11410843.
  • Bradley, Bruce; Stanford, Dennis (December 2004). "The North Atlantic ice-edge corridor: A possible Palaeolithic route to the New World". World Archaeology. 36 (4): 459–478. doi:10.1080/0043824042000303656. S2CID 161534521.
  • "The similarities in ages and geographical distributions for C4c and the previously analyzed X2a lineage provide support to the scenario of a dual origin for Paleo-Indians. Taking into account that C4c is deeply rooted in the Asian portion of the mtDNA phylogeny and is indubitably of Asian origin, the finding that C4c and X2a are characterized by parallel genetic histories definitively dismisses the controversial hypothesis of an Atlantic glacial entry route into North America. Hooshiar Kashani B, Perego UA, Olivieri A, Angerhofer N, Gandini F, Carossa V, Lancioni H, Semino O, Woodward SR, Achilli A, Torroni A (January 2012). "Mitochondrial haplogroup C4c: a rare lineage entering America through the ice-free corridor?". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 147 (1): 35–39. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21614. PMID 22024980.
  • "X2a has not been found anywhere in Eurasia, and phylogeography gives us no compelling reason to think it is more likely to come from Europe than from Siberia. Furthermore, analysis of the complete genome of Kennewick Man, who belongs to the most basal lineage of X2a yet identified, gives no indication of recent European ancestry and moves the location of the deepest branch of X2a to the West Coast, consistent with X2a belonging to the same ancestral population as the other founder mitochondrial haplogroups. Nor have any high-resolution studies of genome-wide data from Native American populations yielded any evidence of Pleistocene European ancestry or trans-Atlantic gene flow." Raff, Jennifer A.; Bolnick, Deborah A (2015). "Does Mitochondrial Haplogroup X Indicate Ancient Trans-Atlantic Migration to the Americas? A Critical Re-Evaluation". PaleoAmerica. 1 (4): 297–304. doi:10.1179/2055556315Z.00000000040.

genebase.com

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

  • Malhi, Ripan S.; Smith, David Glenn (September 2002). "Brief communication: Haplogroup X confirmed in prehistoric North America". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 119 (1): 84–86. doi:10.1002/ajpa.10106. hdl:2027.42/34275. PMID 12209576.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

livescience.com

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

  • X is estimated at 31.8+12.8
    −12.1     kya     (95% CI) in: "Supplementary Materials, Document S1" in: Soares, Pedro; Ermini, Luca; Thomson, Noel; Mormina, Maru; Rito, Teresa; Röhl, Arne; Salas, Antonio; Oppenheimer, Stephen; Macaulay, Vincent; Richards, Martin B. (12 June 2009). "Correcting for Purifying Selection: An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock". American Journal of Human Genetics. 84 (6): 740–759. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.05.001. PMC 2694979. PMID 19500773.
  • Havaš Auguštin, Dubravka; Šarac, Jelena; Reidla, Maere; Tamm, Erika; Grahovac, Blaženka; Kapović, Miljenko; Novokmet, Natalija; Rudan, Pavao; Missoni, Saša; Marjanović, Damir; Korolija, Marina (August 2023). "Refining the Global Phylogeny of Mitochondrial N1a, X, and HV2 Haplogroups Based on Rare Mitogenomes from Croatian Isolates". Genes. 14 (8): 1614. doi:10.3390/genes14081614. ISSN 2073-4425. PMC 10454736. PMID 37628665.
  • van Oven M, Kayser M (February 2009). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation. 30 (2): E386–394. doi:10.1002/humu.20921. PMID 18853457. S2CID 27566749.
  • Malhi, Ripan S.; Smith, David Glenn (September 2002). "Brief communication: Haplogroup X confirmed in prehistoric North America". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 119 (1): 84–86. doi:10.1002/ajpa.10106. hdl:2027.42/34275. PMID 12209576.
  • Brown, Michael D.; Hosseini, Seyed H.; Torroni, Antonio; Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen; Allen, Jon C.; Schurr, Theodore G.; Scozzari, Rosaria; Cruciani, Fulvio; Wallace, Douglas C. (1 December 1998). "mtDNA Haplogroup X: An Ancient Link between Europe/Western Asia and North America?". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 63 (6): 1852–1861. doi:10.1086/302155. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 1377656. PMID 9837837.
  • Kujanová, Martina; Pereira, Luísa; Fernandes, Verónica; Pereira, Joana B.; Černý, Viktor (October 2009). "Near Eastern Neolithic genetic input in a small oasis of the Egyptian Western Desert". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 140 (2): 336–346. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21078. PMID 19425100.
  • Perego, Ugo A.; Achilli, Alessandro; Angerhofer, Norman; Accetturo, Matteo; Pala, Maria; Olivieri, Anna; Kashani, Baharak Hooshiar; Ritchie, Kathleen H.; Scozzari, Rosaria; Kong, Qing-Peng; Myres, Natalie M.; Salas, Antonio; Semino, Ornella; Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen; Woodward, Scott R.; Torroni, Antonio (January 2009). "Distinctive Paleo-Indian Migration Routes from Beringia Marked by Two Rare mtDNA Haplogroups". Current Biology. 19 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.11.058. PMID 19135370. S2CID 9729731.
  • Lipson, Mark; Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna; Mallick, Swapan; Pósa, Annamária; Stégmár, Balázs; Keerl, Victoria; Rohland, Nadin; Stewardson, Kristin; Ferry, Matthew; Michel, Megan; Oppenheimer, Jonas; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Harney, Eadaoin; Nordenfelt, Susanne; Llamas, Bastien; Gusztáv Mende, Balázs; Köhler, Kitti; Oross, Krisztián; Bondár, Mária; Marton, Tibor; Osztás, Anett; Jakucs, János; Paluch, Tibor; Horváth, Ferenc; Csengeri, Piroska; Koós, Judit; Sebők, Katalin; Anders, Alexandra; Raczky, Pál; Regenye, Judit; Barna, Judit P.; Fábián, Szilvia; Serlegi, Gábor; Toldi, Zoltán; Gyöngyvér Nagy, Emese; Dani, János; Molnár, Erika; Pálfi, György; Márk, László; Melegh, Béla; Bánfai, Zsolt; Domboróczki, László; Fernández-Eraso, Javier; Antonio Mujika-Alustiza, José; Alonso Fernández, Carmen; Jiménez Echevarría, Javier; Bollongino, Ruth; Orschiedt, Jörg; Schierhold, Kerstin; Meller, Harald; Cooper, Alan; Burger, Joachim; Bánffy, Eszter; Alt, Kurt W.; Lalueza-Fox, Carles; Haak, Wolfgang; Reich, David (November 2017). "Parallel palaeogenomic transects reveal complex genetic history of early European farmers". Nature. 551 (7680): 368–372. Bibcode:2017Natur.551..368L. doi:10.1038/nature24476. PMC 5973800. PMID 29144465.
  • Schuenemann, Verena J.; Peltzer, Alexander; Welte, Beatrix; van Pelt, W. Paul; Molak, Martyna; Wang, Chuan-Chao; Furtwängler, Anja; Urban, Christian; Reiter, Ella; Nieselt, Kay; Teßmann, Barbara; Francken, Michael; Harvati, Katerina; Haak, Wolfgang; Schiffels, Stephan; Krause, Johannes (August 2017). "Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods". Nature Communications. 8 (1): 15694. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815694S. doi:10.1038/ncomms15694. PMC 5459999. PMID 28556824.
  • Fregel, Rosa; Méndez, Fernando L.; Bokbot, Youssef; Martín-Socas, Dimas; Camalich-Massieu, María D.; Santana, Jonathan; Morales, Jacob; Ávila-Arcos, María C.; Underhill, Peter A.; Shapiro, Beth; Wojcik, Genevieve; Rasmussen, Morten; Soares, André E. R.; Kapp, Joshua; Sockell, Alexandra; Rodríguez-Santos, Francisco J.; Mikdad, Abdeslam; Trujillo-Mederos, Aioze; Bustamante, Carlos D. (26 June 2018). "Ancient genomes from North Africa evidence prehistoric migrations to the Maghreb from both the Levant and Europe". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115 (26): 6774–6779. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.6774F. bioRxiv 10.1101/191569. doi:10.1073/pnas.1800851115. PMC 6042094. PMID 29895688.
  • Reidla, Maere; Kivisild, Toomas; Metspalu, Ene; Kaldma, Katrin; Tambets, Kristiina; Tolk, Helle-Viivi; Parik, Jüri; Loogväli, Eva-Liis; Derenko, Miroslava; Malyarchuk, Boris; Bermisheva, Marina; Zhadanov, Sergey; Pennarun, Erwan; Gubina, Marina; Golubenko, Maria; Damba, Larisa; Fedorova, Sardana; Gusar, Vladislava; Grechanina, Elena; Mikerezi, Ilia; Moisan, Jean-Paul; Chaventré, André; Khusnutdinova, Elsa; Osipova, Ludmila; Stepanov, Vadim; Voevoda, Mikhail; Achilli, Alessandro; Rengo, Chiara; Rickards, Olga; De Stefano, Gian Franco; Papiha, Surinder; Beckman, Lars; Janicijevic, Branka; Rudan, Pavao; Anagnou, Nicholas; Michalodimitrakis, Emmanuel; Koziel, Slawomir; Usanga, Esien; Geberhiwot, Tarekegn; Herrnstadt, Corinna; Howell, Neil; Torroni, Antonio; Villems, Richard (November 2003). "Origin and Diffusion of mtDNA Haplogroup X". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 73 (5): 1178–1190. doi:10.1086/379380. PMC 1180497. PMID 14574647.
  • Shlush, Liran I.; Behar, Doron M.; Yudkovsky, Guennady; Templeton, Alan; Hadid, Yarin; Basis, Fuad; Hammer, Michael; Itzkovitz, Shalev; Skorecki, Karl (7 May 2008). "The Druze: A Population Genetic Refugium of the Near East". PLOS ONE. 3 (5): e2105. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.2105S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002105. PMC 2324201. PMID 18461126.
  • Fagundes, Nelson J.R.; Kanitz, Ricardo; Eckert, Roberta; Valls, Ana C.S.; Bogo, Mauricio R.; Salzano, Francisco M.; Smith, David Glenn; Silva, Wilson A.; Zago, Marco A.; Ribeiro-dos-Santos, Andrea K.; Santos, Sidney E.B.; Petzl-Erler, Maria Luiza; Bonatto, Sandro L. (March 2008). "Mitochondrial Population Genomics Supports a Single Pre-Clovis Origin with a Coastal Route for the Peopling of the Americas". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 82 (3): 583–592. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.11.013. PMC 2427228. PMID 18313026.
  • Peñaloza-Espinosa, Rosenda I.; Arenas-Aranda, Diego; Cerda-Flores, Ricardo M.; Buentello-Malo, Leonor.; González-Valencia, Gerardo.; Torres, Javier; Álvarez, Berenice; Mendoza, Irma; Flores, Mario; Sandoval, Lucila; Loeza, Francisco; Ramos, Irma; Muñoz, Leopoldo; Salamanca, Fabio (2007). "Characterization of mtDNA Haplogroups in 14 Mexican Indigenous Populations". Human Biology. 79 (3): 313–320. doi:10.1353/hub.2007.0042. PMID 18078204. S2CID 35654242.
  • Easton, R. D.; Merriwether, D. A.; Crews, D. E.; Ferrell, R. E. (July 1996). "mtDNA variation in the Yanomami: evidence for additional New World founding lineages". American Journal of Human Genetics. 59 (1): 213–225. PMC 1915132. PMID 8659527.
  • Derenko MV, Grzybowski T, Malyarchuk BA, Czarny J, Miścicka-Sliwka D, Zakharov IA (July 2001). "The presence of mitochondrial haplogroup x in Altaians from South Siberia". American Journal of Human Genetics. 69 (1): 237–241. doi:10.1086/321266. PMC 1226041. PMID 11410843.
  • "The similarities in ages and geographical distributions for C4c and the previously analyzed X2a lineage provide support to the scenario of a dual origin for Paleo-Indians. Taking into account that C4c is deeply rooted in the Asian portion of the mtDNA phylogeny and is indubitably of Asian origin, the finding that C4c and X2a are characterized by parallel genetic histories definitively dismisses the controversial hypothesis of an Atlantic glacial entry route into North America. Hooshiar Kashani B, Perego UA, Olivieri A, Angerhofer N, Gandini F, Carossa V, Lancioni H, Semino O, Woodward SR, Achilli A, Torroni A (January 2012). "Mitochondrial haplogroup C4c: a rare lineage entering America through the ice-free corridor?". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 147 (1): 35–39. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21614. PMID 22024980.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

  • X is estimated at 31.8+12.8
    −12.1     kya     (95% CI) in: "Supplementary Materials, Document S1" in: Soares, Pedro; Ermini, Luca; Thomson, Noel; Mormina, Maru; Rito, Teresa; Röhl, Arne; Salas, Antonio; Oppenheimer, Stephen; Macaulay, Vincent; Richards, Martin B. (12 June 2009). "Correcting for Purifying Selection: An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock". American Journal of Human Genetics. 84 (6): 740–759. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.05.001. PMC 2694979. PMID 19500773.
  • Havaš Auguštin, Dubravka; Šarac, Jelena; Reidla, Maere; Tamm, Erika; Grahovac, Blaženka; Kapović, Miljenko; Novokmet, Natalija; Rudan, Pavao; Missoni, Saša; Marjanović, Damir; Korolija, Marina (August 2023). "Refining the Global Phylogeny of Mitochondrial N1a, X, and HV2 Haplogroups Based on Rare Mitogenomes from Croatian Isolates". Genes. 14 (8): 1614. doi:10.3390/genes14081614. ISSN 2073-4425. PMC 10454736. PMID 37628665.
  • Brown, Michael D.; Hosseini, Seyed H.; Torroni, Antonio; Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen; Allen, Jon C.; Schurr, Theodore G.; Scozzari, Rosaria; Cruciani, Fulvio; Wallace, Douglas C. (1 December 1998). "mtDNA Haplogroup X: An Ancient Link between Europe/Western Asia and North America?". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 63 (6): 1852–1861. doi:10.1086/302155. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 1377656. PMID 9837837.
  • Lipson, Mark; Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna; Mallick, Swapan; Pósa, Annamária; Stégmár, Balázs; Keerl, Victoria; Rohland, Nadin; Stewardson, Kristin; Ferry, Matthew; Michel, Megan; Oppenheimer, Jonas; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Harney, Eadaoin; Nordenfelt, Susanne; Llamas, Bastien; Gusztáv Mende, Balázs; Köhler, Kitti; Oross, Krisztián; Bondár, Mária; Marton, Tibor; Osztás, Anett; Jakucs, János; Paluch, Tibor; Horváth, Ferenc; Csengeri, Piroska; Koós, Judit; Sebők, Katalin; Anders, Alexandra; Raczky, Pál; Regenye, Judit; Barna, Judit P.; Fábián, Szilvia; Serlegi, Gábor; Toldi, Zoltán; Gyöngyvér Nagy, Emese; Dani, János; Molnár, Erika; Pálfi, György; Márk, László; Melegh, Béla; Bánfai, Zsolt; Domboróczki, László; Fernández-Eraso, Javier; Antonio Mujika-Alustiza, José; Alonso Fernández, Carmen; Jiménez Echevarría, Javier; Bollongino, Ruth; Orschiedt, Jörg; Schierhold, Kerstin; Meller, Harald; Cooper, Alan; Burger, Joachim; Bánffy, Eszter; Alt, Kurt W.; Lalueza-Fox, Carles; Haak, Wolfgang; Reich, David (November 2017). "Parallel palaeogenomic transects reveal complex genetic history of early European farmers". Nature. 551 (7680): 368–372. Bibcode:2017Natur.551..368L. doi:10.1038/nature24476. PMC 5973800. PMID 29144465.
  • Schuenemann, Verena J.; Peltzer, Alexander; Welte, Beatrix; van Pelt, W. Paul; Molak, Martyna; Wang, Chuan-Chao; Furtwängler, Anja; Urban, Christian; Reiter, Ella; Nieselt, Kay; Teßmann, Barbara; Francken, Michael; Harvati, Katerina; Haak, Wolfgang; Schiffels, Stephan; Krause, Johannes (August 2017). "Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods". Nature Communications. 8 (1): 15694. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815694S. doi:10.1038/ncomms15694. PMC 5459999. PMID 28556824.
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