Sivakumar, Mannava V. K.; Ndiang'ui, Ndegwa, eds. (2007). Climate and Land Degradation. Environmental Science and Engineering. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-72438-4. ISBN978-3540724377. At the southern fringe of the Sahara Desert, a special dry and hot wind, locally termed Harmattan, occurs.
Adhvaryu, Achyuta; Bharadwaj, Prashant; Fenske, James; Nyshadham, Anant; Stanley, Richard (18 March 2024). "Dust and Death: Evidence from the West African Harmattan". The Economic Journal. 134 (659): 885–912. doi:10.1093/ej/uead088.