Hawaiian language (English Wikipedia)

Nettle and Romaine, Daniel and Suzanne (2000). Vanishing Voices. Oxford University Press. pp. 93–97. ISBN 978-0-19-513624-1.
Emerson, Nathaniel B. (1909). Unwritten Literature of Hawaii: The Sacred Songs of the Hula. Washington Government Printing Office. pp. 7.
Sahlins, Marshall (1985). Islands of History. University of Chicago Press.

books.google.com

Andrews (1836) Andrews, Lorrin (1836). A Vocabulary of Words in the Hawaiian Language. Press of the Lahainaluna high school.
Andrews (1865) Andrews, Lorrin (1865). A Dictionary of the Hawaiian Language. Notes by William de Witt Alexander. Originally published by Henry M. Whitney, Honolulu, republished by Island Heritage Publishing 2003. ISBN 0-89610-374-9. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Congress, United States. (1898). Congressional Edition. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 1–PA23. Retrieved 2017-07-20.

britannica.com

"Polynesian languages". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-06-02.

cambridge.org

Parker Jones, ʻŌiwi (April 2018). "Hawaiian". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 48 (1): 103–115. doi:10.1017/S0025100316000438. ISSN 0025-1003. S2CID 232350292.

census.gov

"Detailed Languages Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English for the Population 5 Years and over: 2009-2013".

doi.org

Fishman, Joshua A. (1977). "'Standard' versus 'Dialect' in Bilingual Education: An Old Problem in a New Context". The Modern Language Journal. 61 (7): 315–325. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1977.tb05146.x. ISSN 0026-7902.
Snyder-Frey, Alicia (2013-05-01). "He kuleana kō kākou: Hawaiian-language learners and the construction of (alter)native identities". Current Issues in Language Planning. 14 (2): 231–243. doi:10.1080/14664208.2013.818504. ISSN 1466-4208. S2CID 143367347.
Parker Jones, ʻŌiwi (April 2018). "Hawaiian". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 48 (1): 103–115. doi:10.1017/S0025100316000438. ISSN 0025-1003. S2CID 232350292.

endangeredlanguages.com

"Hawaiian - Endangered Languages Project". 7 October 2024.

ethnologue.com

"Hawaiian". SIL International. 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
Hawaiian at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)

exclusivehawaiirehab.com

"Languages Spoken in Hawaii". Exclusive Hawaii Rehab. 3 December 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2022.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Elbert (1954) Elbert, Samuel H. (1954). "Hawaiian Dictionaries, Past and Future". Hawaiian Historical Society Annual Reports. hdl:10524/68.

hawaii.edu

manoa.hawaii.edu

"'Okatoba 8: Kumukānāwai o ka Makahiki 1840". Punawaiola. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
"Kawaihuelani Center for Hawaiian Language | 2021–2022 Catalog". Retrieved 2021-11-01.

hawaii.gov

capitol.hawaii.gov

"Article XV, Section 4". Constitution of the State of Hawai'i. Hawai'i State Legislature. 1978. Retrieved 24 September 2018.

hawaiian-study.info

"The Kāhulu Pepeke Relative Clause". www.hawaiian-study.info. Retrieved 2021-11-01.

hawaiiindependent.net

Ramones, Ikaika. "Niʻihau family makes rare public address". Hawaii Independent. Archived from the original on 2 May 2017. Retrieved 10 May 2017.

hawaiinewsnow.com

Gutierrez, Ben (2022-04-28). "Lawmakers adopt resolution apologizing for ban on Hawaiian language in schools". Hawaii News Now. Retrieved 2023-01-21.
"Hawaiian News: ʻÂhaʻi ʻÔlelo Ola – Hawaii News Now – KGMB and KHNL". Hawaii News Now. Archived from the original on December 21, 2012. Retrieved May 12, 2012.

hawaiipropertytax.com

"Hawaii County Real Property Tax Office". Retrieved 2009-03-03. This site was designed to provide quick and easy access to real property tax assessment records and maps for properties located in the County of Hawaiʻi and related general information about real property tax procedures.

hawaiistar.com

"How Many People Speak Hawaiian? - Hawaii Star". 5 August 2023.

indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com

"Hawaiian Language Preschools Garner International Recognition". Indian Country Today Media Network. 2004-05-30. Retrieved 2014-06-07.

jstor.org

Kinney (1956) Kinney, Ruby Kawena (1956). "A Non-purist View of Morphomorphemic Variations in Hawaiian Speech". Journal of the Polynesian Society. 65 (3): 282–286. JSTOR 20703564.

matadornetwork.com

Croissant, Morgane (4 March 2022). "5 Languages on the Brink of Extinction That You Can Learn Online". Matador Network. Archived from the original on 30 November 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2024. Those who want to learn the endangered Hawaiian language have been able to do so for free on the Duolingo app since October 2018. As of March 2022, it is the language of choice for 586,000 Duolingo users. Hawaiian classes are also available on Memrise.

mokuolahonua.com

Wilson, W.H.; Kamanä, K. (2006). ""For the Interest of the Hawaiians Themselves": Reclaiming the Benefits of Hawaiian-Medium Education". Hūlili: Multidisciplinary Research on Hawaiian Well-Being. 3 (1). Archived from the original on October 12, 2021.

permaculture-hawaii.com

"Laʻakea Community". Retrieved 2009-03-03. Laʻakea Community formed in 2005 when a group of six people purchased Laʻakea Gardens.

pipwerks.com

"Hawaiian diacriticals". Archived from the original on 2009-03-02. Retrieved 2009-03-03. Over the last decade, there has been an attempt by many well-meaning locals (Hawaiian and non-Hawaiian) to use substitute characters when true diacriticals aren't available. ... This brings me to one of my pet peeves and the purpose of this post: misuse of the backtick (`) character. Many of the previously-mentioned well-intentioned folks mistakenly use a backtick to represent an ʻokina, and it drives me absolutely bonkers.

pri.org

"Meet the last native speakers of Hawaiian". 28 July 2016. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
Nina Porzucki (2016-07-28). "Meet the last native speakers of Hawaiian". The World (The World in Words podcast).

princeton.edu

library.princeton.edu

"Carte de l'OCÉAN PACIFIQUE au Nord de l'équateur / Charte des STILLEN WELTMEERS nördlichen des Äequators" [Chart of the PACIFIC OCEAN north of the Equator] (JPG). Princeton University Library. Retrieved 2020-10-26.
French: Carte de l'OCÉAN PACIFIQUE au Nord de l'équateur, et des côtes qui le bornent des deux cotes: d'après les dernières découvertes faites par les Espagnols, les Russes et les Anglais jusqu'en 1780.
German: Charte des STILLEN WELTMEERS nördlichen des Äequators und der Küsten, die es auf beiden Seiten einschränken: Nach den neuesten, von der Spanier, Russen und Engländer bis 1780.
English (translation): Chart of the PACIFIC OCEAN north of the Equator and the Coasts that bound it on both sides: according to the latest discoveries made by the Spaniards, Russians and English up to 1780.

researchgate.net

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326511235_Digital_Realities_of_Indigenous_Language_Revitalization_A_Look_at_Hawaiian_Language_Technology_in_the_Modern_World ^{[bare URL]}

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Snyder-Frey, Alicia (2013-05-01). "He kuleana kō kākou: Hawaiian-language learners and the construction of (alter)native identities". Current Issues in Language Planning. 14 (2): 231–243. doi:10.1080/14664208.2013.818504. ISSN 1466-4208. S2CID 143367347.
Parker Jones, ʻŌiwi (April 2018). "Hawaiian". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 48 (1): 103–115. doi:10.1017/S0025100316000438. ISSN 0025-1003. S2CID 232350292.

staradvertiser.com

"KAUAKUKALAHALE archives". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. Retrieved 2019-01-20.

thepost.co.nz

Low, Andrea (May 8, 2024). "Bright the sky above: Hawaiian diaspora in Aotearoa". The Post. p. 9.

unesco.org

"UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger". UNESCO. Retrieved 2017-11-20.

web.archive.org

Wilson, W.H.; Kamanä, K. (2006). ""For the Interest of the Hawaiians Themselves": Reclaiming the Benefits of Hawaiian-Medium Education". Hūlili: Multidisciplinary Research on Hawaiian Well-Being. 3 (1). Archived from the original on October 12, 2021.
"Hawaiian News: ʻÂhaʻi ʻÔlelo Ola – Hawaii News Now – KGMB and KHNL". Hawaii News Now. Archived from the original on December 21, 2012. Retrieved May 12, 2012.
Ramones, Ikaika. "Niʻihau family makes rare public address". Hawaii Independent. Archived from the original on 2 May 2017. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
"Hawaiian diacriticals". Archived from the original on 2009-03-02. Retrieved 2009-03-03. Over the last decade, there has been an attempt by many well-meaning locals (Hawaiian and non-Hawaiian) to use substitute characters when true diacriticals aren't available. ... This brings me to one of my pet peeves and the purpose of this post: misuse of the backtick (`) character. Many of the previously-mentioned well-intentioned folks mistakenly use a backtick to represent an ʻokina, and it drives me absolutely bonkers.
Croissant, Morgane (4 March 2022). "5 Languages on the Brink of Extinction That You Can Learn Online". Matador Network. Archived from the original on 30 November 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2024. Those who want to learn the endangered Hawaiian language have been able to do so for free on the Duolingo app since October 2018. As of March 2022, it is the language of choice for 586,000 Duolingo users. Hawaiian classes are also available on Memrise.

wehewehe.org

Mary Kawena Pukui; Samuel Hoyt Elbert (2003). "lookup of ʻōlelo". in Hawaiian Dictionary. Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library, University of Hawaii Press.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Fishman, Joshua A. (1977). "'Standard' versus 'Dialect' in Bilingual Education: An Old Problem in a New Context". The Modern Language Journal. 61 (7): 315–325. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1977.tb05146.x. ISSN 0026-7902.
United States. Native Hawaiians Study Commission. (1983). Native Hawaiians Study Commission : report on the culture, needs, and concerns of native Hawaiians. [U.S. Dept. of the Interior]. pp. 196/213. OCLC 10865978.
Reinecke, John E. (1988) [1969]. Language and dialect in Hawaii : a sociolinguistic history to 1935. Tsuzaki, Stanley M. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. pp. 74–76. ISBN 0-8248-1209-3. OCLC 17917779.
Snyder-Frey, Alicia (2013-05-01). "He kuleana kō kākou: Hawaiian-language learners and the construction of (alter)native identities". Current Issues in Language Planning. 14 (2): 231–243. doi:10.1080/14664208.2013.818504. ISSN 1466-4208. S2CID 143367347.
Warner (1996) Warner, Sam L. (1996). I Ola ka ʻŌlelo i nā Keiki: Ka ʻApo ʻia ʻana o ka ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi e nā Keiki ma ke Kula Kaiapuni. [That the Language Live through the Children: The Acquisition of the Hawaiian Language by the Children in the Immersion School.] (Ph.D. thesis). University of Hawaiʻi. OCLC 38455191.
Wight (2005:x) Wight, Kahikāhealani (2005). Learn Hawaiian at Home. Bess Press. ISBN 1-57306-245-6. OCLC 76789116.
Parker Jones, ʻŌiwi (April 2018). "Hawaiian". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 48 (1): 103–115. doi:10.1017/S0025100316000438. ISSN 0025-1003. S2CID 232350292.

worldcat.org

United States. Native Hawaiians Study Commission. (1983). Native Hawaiians Study Commission : report on the culture, needs, and concerns of native Hawaiians. [U.S. Dept. of the Interior]. pp. 196/213. OCLC 10865978.
Reinecke, John E. (1988) [1969]. Language and dialect in Hawaii : a sociolinguistic history to 1935. Tsuzaki, Stanley M. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. pp. 74–76. ISBN 0-8248-1209-3. OCLC 17917779.