Haymarket affair (English Wikipedia)

"How May Day Became a Workers' Holiday". The Guide to Life, The Universe and Everything. BBC. October 4, 2001. Retrieved January 19, 2008. (It is) Resolved ... that eight hours shall constitute a legal day's labor from and after May 1, 1886, and that we recommend to labor organizations throughout this district that they so direct their laws so as to conform to this resolution by the time named.
"How May Day Became a Workers' Holiday". The Guide to Life, The Universe and Everything. BBC. October 4, 2001. Retrieved January 19, 2008.

bgsu.edu

blogs.bgsu.edu

The existence of an 80,000 person march down Michigan Avenue, described by Avrich (1984), Foner (1986), and others, has been questioned by historian Timothy Messer-Kruse, who claims to have found no specific reference to it in contemporary sources and notes that David (1936) doesn't mention it.

books.google.com

Flinn, John Joseph; Wilkie, John Elbert (1887). History of the Chicago Police: From the Settlement of the Community to the Present Time, Under Authority of the Mayor and Superintendent of the Force. Under the Auspices of the Police Book Fund. pp. 320–323.
Hallwas, John E. (1986). Illinois Literature: The Nineteenth Century. Illinois Heritage Press. p. 183.
Law, Randall D. (2016). Terrorism: A History. John Wiley & Sons. p. 188. ISBN 978-0-7456-9093-3. whether the first shot was fired by police or workers is unclear.

britannica.com

"Haymarket Riot | History, Outcome, & Knights of Labor". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved September 1, 2019.

chi.il.us

ci.chi.il.us

"Site of the Haymarket Tragedy". City of Chicago Department of Planning and Development, Landmarks Division. 2003. Archived from the original on July 14, 2006. Retrieved January 19, 2008.

chicagohistory.org

encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org

Barrett, James R. "Unionization". Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago History Museum, Newberry Library, Northwestern University. Retrieved April 2, 2012.
Moberg, David. "Antiunionism". Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago History Museum, Newberry Library, Northwestern University. Retrieved April 2, 2012.
Reiff, Janice L. "The Press and Labor in the 1880s". Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago History Museum, Newberry Library, Northwestern University. Retrieved April 2, 2012.
Thale, Christopher. "Haymarket and May Day". Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago History Museum, Newberry Library and Northwestern University. Retrieved April 1, 2012.

images.chicagohistory.org

"i006216". Chicago History Museum. Retrieved October 22, 2020.

chicagohistoryresources.org

Act II: Let Your Tragedy Be Enacted Here, Moment of Truth, 2000, The Dramas of Haymarket, Chicago Historical Society
Smith, Carl. "Act III: Toils of the Law". The Dramas of Haymarket. Chicago Historical Society and Northwestern University. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
See generally, Gilmer, Harry L. (July 28, 1886). "Testimony of Harry L. Gilmer, Illinois vs. August Spies et al". Haymarket Affair Digital Collection. Chicago Historical Society. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
See generally, Thompson, Malvern M. (July 27, 1886). "Testimony of Malvern M. Thompson, Illinois vs. August Spies et al". Haymarket Affair Digital Collection. Chicago Historical Society. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
Illinois vs. August Spies et al. trial transcript no. 1, 1886 Nov. 26. Vol. M. p. 255. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
"Inspector John Bonfield report to Frederick Ebersold, General Superintendent of Police, 1886 May 30". Chicago Historical Society. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
Bonfield, John (May 30, 1886). "Inspector John Bonfield report to Frederick Ebersold, General Superintendent of Police". Haymarket Affair Digital Collection. Chicago Historical Society. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
"Act II: Let Your Tragedy Be Enacted Here". The Dramas of Haymarket. Chicago Historical Society. 2000. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
The Grand Jury returned an indictment against Spies, Fielden, Michael Schwab, Albert R. Parsons, Adolph Fischer, George Engel, Louis Lingg, William Seliger, Rudolph Schnaubelt, and Oscar Neebe for murder.
Charged with making an unlawful, willful, felonious and with malice aforethought assault on the body of Mathias J. Degan causing him mortal wounds, bruises, lacerations and contusions upon his body.
See Grand jury indictments for murder, 1886 June 4.| Chicago Historical Society, Haymarket Affair Digital Collection.
"Act III: Toils of the Law, Court of Public Opinion". The Dramas of Haymarket. Chicago Historical Society. 2000. Retrieved December 30, 2017. From the time of the arrests following the riot to the hangings, the men held responsible for the bombing found the celebrity that they had been so eagerly seeking, if hardly on the terms they desired. ... In almost all instances, the accused achieved notoriety rather than fame, though reporters frequently remarked on their bravery in the face of the awesome fate awaiting them, and on their devotion to their families. Even these stories, however, emphasized their fanaticism and wrong-headed dedication to a dangerous and selfish cause that only hurt the ones they supposedly loved.
"Act III: Toils of the Law". The Dramas of Haymarket. Chicago Historical Society. 2000. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
"Building the Digital Collection". Chicago Historical Society. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
ACT V Raising the dead: Absolute Pardon, Chicago Historical Society (2000)
Smith, Carl. "Act III: Toils of the Law". The Dramas of Haymarket. Chicago Historical Society and Northwestern University. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
Smith, Carl. "Introduction". The Dramas of Haymarket. Chicago Historical Society and Northwestern University. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
Gilmer, Harry L. (July 28, 1886). "Testimony of Harry L. Gilmer, Illinois vs. August Spies et al". Haymarket Affair Digital Collection. Chicago Historical Society. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
Thompson, Malvern M. (July 27, 1886). "Testimony of Malvern M. Thompson, Illinois vs. August Spies et al". Haymarket Affair Digital Collection. Chicago Historical Society. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
Messer-Kruse, The Trial of the Haymarket Anarchists, p. 74. Avrich also suggests the bomber might have been a shoemaker named George Schwab (no relation to hanged defendant Michael Schwab). Anarchist George Meng, has recently also been mentioned "Who Threw the Bomb", The Dramas of the Haymarket, Chicago Historical Society and Northwestern University website.
Altgeld, John P. (June 26, 1893). "Reasons for Pardoning Fielden, Neebe and Schwab". Haymarket Affair Digital Collection. Chicago Historical Society. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
Parsons, Albert R. (1886). "Address of Albert R. Parsons". The Accused, The Accusers: The Famous Speeches of the Eight Chicago Anarchists in Court. Chicago Historical Society. Retrieved December 30, 2017.

chicagotribune.com

Baumann, Edward (April 27, 1986). "The Haymarket Bomber". chicagotribune.com. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
Grossman, Ron (May 1, 1998). "Still-Heard Voices: Haymarket Momument Gets Landmark Status". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved May 15, 2021.

articles.chicagotribune.com

Mann, Leslie (September 14, 2011). "Reworking infamous Haymarket trial". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved November 1, 2017.

cirano.qc.ca

Huberman, Michael (December 2004). "Working Hours of the World Unite? New International Evidence of Worktime, 1870–1913" (PDF). The Journal of Economic History. 64 (4): 964–1001. doi:10.1017/s0022050704043050. JSTOR 3874986. S2CID 154536906.

cityofchicago.org

"Originally at the corner of Des Plaines and Randolph". Cityofchicago.org. Archived from the original on May 6, 2009. Retrieved March 18, 2012.

doi.org

Huberman, Michael (December 2004). "Working Hours of the World Unite? New International Evidence of Worktime, 1870–1913" (PDF). The Journal of Economic History. 64 (4): 964–1001. doi:10.1017/s0022050704043050. JSTOR 3874986. S2CID 154536906.
Messer-Kruse, Timothy; Eckert, James O.; Burckel, Pannee; Dunn, Jeffrey (May 1, 2005). "The Haymarket Bomb: Reassessing the Evidence". Labor. 2 (2): 39–52. doi:10.1215/15476715-2-2-39.
Messer-Kruse, Timothy (2018). "Haymarket Riot and Conspiracy". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.550. ISBN 978-0-19-932917-5.
Teaford, Jon C. (2006). "Good Read, Old Story". Reviews in American History. 34 (3): 350–354. doi:10.1353/rah.2006.0051. JSTOR 30031536. S2CID 144084130.

dynamics.org

Stanford, Leland, 1887. Co-operation of Labor. Special Collection 33a, Box 7, Folder 74, Stanford University Archives. PDF

famous-trials.com

New York Times article datelined May 4, headlined "Anarchy's Red Hand" and dated May 6, reproduced on the University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law website.
"Meet the Haymarket Defendants". University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
"Anarchy's Red Hand: Rioting and Bloodshed in the Streets of Chicago". The New York Times. May 6, 1886. Retrieved December 30, 2017.

fjc.gov

The Debs Case: Labor, Capital, and the Federal Courts of the 1890s, Biographies, John Peter Altgeld Federal Judicial Center.

forestparkreview.com

"Haymarket time capsule uncovered, still unopened". www.forestparkreview.com. October 4, 2016. Retrieved October 22, 2017.

jstor.org

Huberman, Michael (December 2004). "Working Hours of the World Unite? New International Evidence of Worktime, 1870–1913" (PDF). The Journal of Economic History. 64 (4): 964–1001. doi:10.1017/s0022050704043050. JSTOR 3874986. S2CID 154536906.
Teaford, Jon C. (2006). "Good Read, Old Story". Reviews in American History. 34 (3): 350–354. doi:10.1353/rah.2006.0051. JSTOR 30031536. S2CID 144084130.

loc.gov

chroniclingamerica.loc.gov

"Co-operation of Labor. Interview with Senator Stanford. Reasons why the Laboring Man Should Be His Own Employer—Delusive Theories About the Distribution of Wealth". New-York Tribune. May 4, 1887. Retrieved May 1, 2015.

marxists.org

Trachtenberg, Alexander (March 2002) [1932]. The History of May Day. Marxists.org. Retrieved January 19, 2008.

marybrogger.com

Mary Brogger. "Haymarket Memorial". www.marybrogger.com. Archived from the original on January 28, 2022. Retrieved June 2, 2019.

nationalreview.com

John J. Miller, "What Happened at Haymarket? A historian challenges a labor-history fable", National Review, February 11, 2013. Retrieved September 6, 2017.

newspapers.com

"Anarchists Pardoned". Port Huron Daily Times. Port Huron, Michigan. June 27, 1893. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 27, 2018. Retrieved May 4, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.

nga.org

Illinois Governor John Peter Altgeld National Governors Association (2011).

niu.edu

digital.lib.niu.edu

Altgeld, John P. (June 26, 1893). "Reasons for Pardoning Fielden, Neebe and Schwab". digital.lib.niu.edu. Retrieved December 10, 2019.

northwestern.edu

homicide.northwestern.edu

Schaack, Michael J. (1889). "The Dead and the Wounded" (PDF). Anarchy and Anarchists. A History of the Red Terror and the Social Revolution in America and Europe. Communism, Socialism, and Nihilism in Doctrine and in Deed. The Chicago Haymarket Conspiracy, and the Detection and Trial of the Conspirators. Chicago: F. J. Schulte & Co. p. 155. OCLC 185637808. Retrieved January 19, 2008. After the moment's bewilderment, the officers dashed on the enemy and fired round after round. Being good marksmen, they fired to kill, and many revolutionists must have gone home, either assisted by comrades or unassisted, with wounds that resulted fatally or maimed them for life. ... It is known that many secret funerals were held from Anarchist localities in the dead hour of night.
Schaack, "Core of the Conspiracy", Anarchy and Anarchists, pp. 156–182.
Schaack, "My Connection with the Anarchist Cases", Anarchy and Anarchists, pp, 183–205.

nps.gov

"Lists of National Historic Landmarks". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. March 2004. Archived from the original on July 9, 2008. Retrieved January 19, 2008.

nytimes.com

query.nytimes.com

"Rioting and Bloodshed in the Streets of Chicago" (PDF). The New York Times. May 5, 1886. Retrieved February 29, 2012. This is the same article datelined May 4, reproduced elsewhere.
"Chicago's Deadly Missile". The New York Times. May 14, 1886. Retrieved February 28, 2012.

nytimes.com

Kinzer, Stephen (September 15, 2004). "In Chicago, an Ambiguous Memorial to the Haymarket Attack". The New York Times. Retrieved January 20, 2008.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Huberman, Michael (December 2004). "Working Hours of the World Unite? New International Evidence of Worktime, 1870–1913" (PDF). The Journal of Economic History. 64 (4): 964–1001. doi:10.1017/s0022050704043050. JSTOR 3874986. S2CID 154536906.
Teaford, Jon C. (2006). "Good Read, Old Story". Reviews in American History. 34 (3): 350–354. doi:10.1353/rah.2006.0051. JSTOR 30031536. S2CID 144084130.

theatlantic.com

Parsons, George Frederic (July 1886). "The Labor Question". The Atlantic Monthly. Vol. 58. pp. 97–113.

typepad.com

cpdweblog.typepad.com

"Haymarket Statue Rededication Ceremony at Police Headquarters". Chicago Police Department weblog. Chicago Police Department. May 31, 2007. Archived from the original on December 18, 2007. Retrieved January 23, 2008.

web.archive.org

"Originally at the corner of Des Plaines and Randolph". Cityofchicago.org. Archived from the original on May 6, 2009. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
"Site of the Haymarket Tragedy". City of Chicago Department of Planning and Development, Landmarks Division. 2003. Archived from the original on July 14, 2006. Retrieved January 19, 2008.
"Lists of National Historic Landmarks". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. March 2004. Archived from the original on July 9, 2008. Retrieved January 19, 2008.
"Anarchists Pardoned". Port Huron Daily Times. Port Huron, Michigan. June 27, 1893. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 27, 2018. Retrieved May 4, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
"Haymarket Statue Rededication Ceremony at Police Headquarters". Chicago Police Department weblog. Chicago Police Department. May 31, 2007. Archived from the original on December 18, 2007. Retrieved January 23, 2008.
Mary Brogger. "Haymarket Memorial". www.marybrogger.com. Archived from the original on January 28, 2022. Retrieved June 2, 2019.

worldcat.org

In the Supreme Court of Illinois, Northern Grand Division. March Term, 1887. August Spies, et al. v. The People of the State of Illinois. Abstract of Record. Chicago: Barnard & Gunthorpe. vol. II, p. 129. OCLC 36384114., quoted in Avrich, The Haymarket Tragedy, pp. 199–200.
Schaack, Michael J. (1889). "The Dead and the Wounded" (PDF). Anarchy and Anarchists. A History of the Red Terror and the Social Revolution in America and Europe. Communism, Socialism, and Nihilism in Doctrine and in Deed. The Chicago Haymarket Conspiracy, and the Detection and Trial of the Conspirators. Chicago: F. J. Schulte & Co. p. 155. OCLC 185637808. Retrieved January 19, 2008. After the moment's bewilderment, the officers dashed on the enemy and fired round after round. Being good marksmen, they fired to kill, and many revolutionists must have gone home, either assisted by comrades or unassisted, with wounds that resulted fatally or maimed them for life. ... It is known that many secret funerals were held from Anarchist localities in the dead hour of night.