Heat (English Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Heat" in English language version.
Last modified:
Ref.Un. Ref.Website
Global rank
English rank
6th place
6th place
629th place
427th place
3rd place
3rd place
4th place
4th place
6,780th place
8,492nd place
low place
low place
194th place
182nd place
1,939th place
1,533rd place
1,365th place
1,034th place
1,880th place
2,810th place
1st place
1st place
low place
low place
ajcn.org (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Buchholz & Schoeller (2004), pp. 899S–906S. Buchholz, A.C.; Schoeller, D.A. (2004). "Is a Calorie a Calorie?". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 79 (5): 899S–906S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/79.5.899S. PMID 15113737. Retrieved 12 March 2007.
archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)
- Hooke (1705), p. 116. Hooke, R. (1705) [1681]. The posthumous works of Robert Hooke ... containing his Cutlerian lectures, and other discourses, read at the meetings of the illustrious Royal Society ... Illustrated with sculptures. To these discourses is prefixt the author's life, giving an account of his studies and employments, with an enumeration of the many experiments, instruments, contrivances and inventions, by him made and produc'd as Curator of Experiments to the Royal Society. Publish'd by Richard Waller. Printed by Sam. Smith and Benj. Walford, (Printers to the Royal Society).
- Boyle (1675), pp. 61-62. Boyle, R. (1675). Experiments, notes, &c., about the mechanical origine or production of divers particular qualities: Among which is inserted a discourse of the imperfection of the chymist's doctrine of qualities; together with some reflections upon the hypothesis of alcali and acidum. Printed by E. Flesher, for R. Davis.
- Black (1807), p. 80. Black, J. (1807). Robison, J. (ed.). Lectures on the Elements of Chemistry: Delivered in the University of Edinburgh. Vol. 1. Mathew Carey.
- Ramsay (1918), p. 38-39. Ramsay, W. (1918). The life and letters of Joseph Black, M.D. Constable.
- Black (1807), pp. 76-77. Black, J. (1807). Robison, J. (ed.). Lectures on the Elements of Chemistry: Delivered in the University of Edinburgh. Vol. 1. Mathew Carey.
- Black (1807), p. 81. Black, J. (1807). Robison, J. (ed.). Lectures on the Elements of Chemistry: Delivered in the University of Edinburgh. Vol. 1. Mathew Carey.
- Ramsay (1918), p. 44. Ramsay, W. (1918). The life and letters of Joseph Black, M.D. Constable.
- Black (1807), pp. 111-112. Black, J. (1807). Robison, J. (ed.). Lectures on the Elements of Chemistry: Delivered in the University of Edinburgh. Vol. 1. Mathew Carey.
- Black (1807), p. 112. Black, J. (1807). Robison, J. (ed.). Lectures on the Elements of Chemistry: Delivered in the University of Edinburgh. Vol. 1. Mathew Carey.
- Black (1807), p. 120. Black, J. (1807). Robison, J. (ed.). Lectures on the Elements of Chemistry: Delivered in the University of Edinburgh. Vol. 1. Mathew Carey.
- Black (1807), pp. 115-117. Black, J. (1807). Robison, J. (ed.). Lectures on the Elements of Chemistry: Delivered in the University of Edinburgh. Vol. 1. Mathew Carey.
- Ramsay (1918), p. 45. Ramsay, W. (1918). The life and letters of Joseph Black, M.D. Constable.
- Ramsay (1918), pp. 45-46. Ramsay, W. (1918). The life and letters of Joseph Black, M.D. Constable.
- Joule, J.P. (1845)."On the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 140: 61–82. 1850. doi:10.1098/rstl.1850.0004.
- Clausius, R. (1898) [1850]. Poggendorff, Johann Christian; Planck, Max (eds.). Ueber die bewegende Kraft der Wärme und die Gesetze, welche sich daraus für die Wärmelehre selbst ableiten lassen. Ostwald's Klassiker der exakten Wissenschaften (in German). Vol. 99. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. pp. 4–5.
Wenn man annimmt, die Wärme könne, ebenso wie ein Stoff, nicht an Quantität geringer werden, so muss man auch annehmen, dass sie sich nicht vermehren könne. Es ist aber fast unmöglich z. B. die durch Reibung verursachte Erwärmung ohne eine Vermehrung der Wärmequantität zu erklären, und durch die sorgfältigen Versuche von Joule, bei welchen auf sehr verschiedene Weisen unter Anwendung von mechanischer Arbeit Erwärmung hervorgerufen wurde, ist ausser der Möglichkeit, die Wärmequantität überhaupt zu vermehren, auch der Satz, dass die Menge der neu erzeugten Wärme der dazu angewandten Arbeit proportional sei, fast zur Gewissheit geworden. Dazu kommt noch, dass in neuerer Zeit immer noch mehr Thatsachen bekannt...
[better source needed] Originally published in Poggendorff's Annalen, vol. 79. Translated into English as Clausius, Rudolf (1867). "On the moving force of heat and the laws of heat which may be deduced therefrom". The Mechanical Theory of Heat, with its Applications to the Steam-Engine and to the Physical Properties of Bodies. Translated by Tyndall, John. London: J. Van Voorst. p. 25. - Bryan, G.H. (1907). "Thermodynamics, an introductory treatise dealing mainly with first principles and their direct applications". Leipzig, Teubner. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. - Bridgman, P.W. (1941). The Nature of Thermodynamics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Retrieved 28 November 2025.
books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)
- Caneva, K.L. (2021). Helmholtz and the Conservation of Energy: Contexts of Creation and Reception. p. 562. (Macquorn Rankine in the same year used the same symbol. The two physicists were in correspondence at the time, so that it is difficult to say which of the two first introduced the symbol.)
- Clausius, R. (1898) [1850]. Poggendorff, Johann Christian; Planck, Max (eds.). Ueber die bewegende Kraft der Wärme und die Gesetze, welche sich daraus für die Wärmelehre selbst ableiten lassen. Ostwald's Klassiker der exakten Wissenschaften (in German). Vol. 99. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. pp. 4–5.
Wenn man annimmt, die Wärme könne, ebenso wie ein Stoff, nicht an Quantität geringer werden, so muss man auch annehmen, dass sie sich nicht vermehren könne. Es ist aber fast unmöglich z. B. die durch Reibung verursachte Erwärmung ohne eine Vermehrung der Wärmequantität zu erklären, und durch die sorgfältigen Versuche von Joule, bei welchen auf sehr verschiedene Weisen unter Anwendung von mechanischer Arbeit Erwärmung hervorgerufen wurde, ist ausser der Möglichkeit, die Wärmequantität überhaupt zu vermehren, auch der Satz, dass die Menge der neu erzeugten Wärme der dazu angewandten Arbeit proportional sei, fast zur Gewissheit geworden. Dazu kommt noch, dass in neuerer Zeit immer noch mehr Thatsachen bekannt...
[better source needed] Originally published in Poggendorff's Annalen, vol. 79. Translated into English as Clausius, Rudolf (1867). "On the moving force of heat and the laws of heat which may be deduced therefrom". The Mechanical Theory of Heat, with its Applications to the Steam-Engine and to the Physical Properties of Bodies. Translated by Tyndall, John. London: J. Van Voorst. p. 25.
doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)
- Taylor (1723), p. 291. Taylor, B. (31 December 1723). "III. An account of the experiment, made to ascertain the proportion of the expansion of the liquor in the thermometer, with regard to the degrees of heat". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 32 (376): 291. doi:10.1098/rstl.1722.0053. ISSN 0261-0523.
- West (2014). West, J.B. (15 June 2014). "Joseph Black, carbon dioxide, latent heat, and the beginnings of the discovery of the respiratory gases". American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. 306 (12): L1057–L1063. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00020.2014. ISSN 1040-0605. PMID 24682452.
- Buchholz & Schoeller (2004), pp. 899S–906S. Buchholz, A.C.; Schoeller, D.A. (2004). "Is a Calorie a Calorie?". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 79 (5): 899S–906S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/79.5.899S. PMID 15113737. Retrieved 12 March 2007.
- Joule, J.P. (1845)."On the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 140: 61–82. 1850. doi:10.1098/rstl.1850.0004.
gutenberg.org (Global: 629th place; English: 427th place)
- Bacon (1902), p. 153. Bacon, F. (1902) [1620]. Dewey, J. (ed.). Novum Organum: Or True Suggestions for the Interpretation of Nature. P. F. Collier & son.
- Bacon (1902), p. 156. Bacon, F. (1902) [1620]. Dewey, J. (ed.). Novum Organum: Or True Suggestions for the Interpretation of Nature. P. F. Collier & son.
- Hooke (1665), p. 12: (Facsimile, with pagination) Hooke, R. (1665). Micrographia: Or Some Physiological Descriptions of Minute Bodies Made by Magnifying Glasses with Observations and Inquiries Thereupon. Printed by Jo. Martyn, and Ja. Allestry, Printers to the Royal Society.
- Hooke (1665), p. 12: (Machine-readable, no pagination) Hooke, R. (1665). Micrographia: Or Some Physiological Descriptions of Minute Bodies Made by Magnifying Glasses with Observations and Inquiries Thereupon. Printed by Jo. Martyn, and Ja. Allestry, Printers to the Royal Society.
- Lavoisier (1790), p. 345. Lavoisier, A. (1790) [1789]. Elements of chemistry: In a new systematic order, containing all the modern discoveries. Translated by Kerr, R. William Creech.
historycarper.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "The Writings of Benjamin Franklin: London, 1757–1775". Historycarper.com. Archived from the original on 28 January 2011. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
mercaba.es (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Galilei (1957), pp. 273–4. Galilei, G. (1957) [1623]. "The Assayer". In Drake, S. (ed.). Discoveries and Opinions of Galileo (PDF). Doubleday.
nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- West (2014). West, J.B. (15 June 2014). "Joseph Black, carbon dioxide, latent heat, and the beginnings of the discovery of the respiratory gases". American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. 306 (12): L1057–L1063. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00020.2014. ISSN 1040-0605. PMID 24682452.
- Buchholz & Schoeller (2004), pp. 899S–906S. Buchholz, A.C.; Schoeller, D.A. (2004). "Is a Calorie a Calorie?". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 79 (5): 899S–906S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/79.5.899S. PMID 15113737. Retrieved 12 March 2007.
physiology.org (Global: 6,780th place; English: 8,492nd place)
- West (2014). West, J.B. (15 June 2014). "Joseph Black, carbon dioxide, latent heat, and the beginnings of the discovery of the respiratory gases". American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. 306 (12): L1057–L1063. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00020.2014. ISSN 1040-0605. PMID 24682452.
play.google.com (Global: 1,365th place; English: 1,034th place)
- Locke (1720), p. 224. Locke, J. (1720). A Collection of several Pieces of Mr. John Locke, Never before printed, or not extant in his Works. London: Printed by J. Bettenham for R. Francklin. p. 224.
royalsociety.org (Global: 1,939th place; English: 1,533rd place)
ttp.royalsociety.org
- Hooke (1665), p. 12: (Facsimile, with pagination) Hooke, R. (1665). Micrographia: Or Some Physiological Descriptions of Minute Bodies Made by Magnifying Glasses with Observations and Inquiries Thereupon. Printed by Jo. Martyn, and Ja. Allestry, Printers to the Royal Society.
royalsocietypublishing.org (Global: 1,880th place; English: 2,810th place)
- Taylor (1723), p. 291. Taylor, B. (31 December 1723). "III. An account of the experiment, made to ascertain the proportion of the expansion of the liquor in the thermometer, with regard to the degrees of heat". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 32 (376): 291. doi:10.1098/rstl.1722.0053. ISSN 0261-0523.
stanford.edu (Global: 194th place; English: 182nd place)
plato.stanford.edu
- Adriaans (2024). Adriaans, P. (2024), "Information", in Zalta, E.N.; Nodelman, U. (eds.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2024 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)
- "The Writings of Benjamin Franklin: London, 1757–1775". Historycarper.com. Archived from the original on 28 January 2011. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)
search.worldcat.org
- Taylor (1723), p. 291. Taylor, B. (31 December 1723). "III. An account of the experiment, made to ascertain the proportion of the expansion of the liquor in the thermometer, with regard to the degrees of heat". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 32 (376): 291. doi:10.1098/rstl.1722.0053. ISSN 0261-0523.
- West (2014). West, J.B. (15 June 2014). "Joseph Black, carbon dioxide, latent heat, and the beginnings of the discovery of the respiratory gases". American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. 306 (12): L1057–L1063. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00020.2014. ISSN 1040-0605. PMID 24682452.