Hebron (English Wikipedia)

"الخليل تحتفل بالعنب الفلسطيني" [Hebron celebrates Palestinian grapes]. Al Jazeera (in Arabic). 2013. Retrieved April 7, 2026. ووفق معطيات وزارة الزراعة الفلسطينية، فإن الخليل تستحوذ على نصف الإنتاج الفلسطيني من العنب، إذ تنتج سنويا نحو 25 ألف طن، تضاف إليها قرابة ثلاثة آلاف طن من ورق العنب الذي يستهلك منزليا في الطبخ، بقيمة تبلغ نحو عشرة ملايين دولار.
""القدرة" تنافس "المنسف" على موائد الخليل" ["Qidra" rivals "Mansaf" on Hebron's tables]. Al Jazeera (in Arabic). July 11, 2015. Retrieved December 8, 2025.

angelfire.com (Global: 1,478^th place; English: 1,422^nd place)

The Philadelphia Inquirer. "Hebron descendants decry actions of current settlers They are kin of the Jews ousted in 1929", March 3, 1997.

anu.edu.au (Global: 514^th place; English: 281^st place)

users.cecs.anu.edu.au

"Village Statistics – 1945". April 1, 1945. p. 23. Retrieved July 3, 2025.
"Table 1.5 Population of Nahiyas by Sex" (PDF). p. 12. Retrieved July 3, 2025.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Scharfstein 1994, p. 124. Scharfstein, Sol (1994). Understanding Israel. Jerusalem: KTAV Publishing House, Inc. ISBN 978-0-88125-428-0. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Al-Muqaddasi 2001, pp. 156–57. For an older translation see Le Strange 1890, pp. 309–10 Al-Muqaddasi (2001). Collins, B. A. (ed.). The Best Divisions for Knowledge of the Regions. Ahasan al-Taqasim Fi Ma'rifat al-Aqalim. Reading: Garnet Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85964-136-1. Retrieved July 26, 2011. Le Strange, G. (1890). Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from AD 650 to 1500. London: Alexander P. Watt. Retrieved July 25, 2011. Reprint: ISBN 978-1-143-27239-4.
Le Strange 1890, p. 315 Le Strange, G. (1890). Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from AD 650 to 1500. London: Alexander P. Watt. Retrieved July 25, 2011. Reprint: ISBN 978-1-143-27239-4.
Le Strange 1890, pp. 317–18 Le Strange, G. (1890). Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from AD 650 to 1500. London: Alexander P. Watt. Retrieved July 25, 2011. Reprint: ISBN 978-1-143-27239-4.
Schwarz 1850, p. 397 Schwarz, Yehoseph (1850). Leeser, I. (ed.). A Descriptive Geography and Brief Historical Sketch of Palestine. A. Hart. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Finn 1868, p. 39. Finn, J. (1868). Byeways in Palestine. London: James Nisbett. Retrieved July 25, 2011.
Schwarz 1850, p. 403. Schwarz, Yehoseph (1850). Leeser, I. (ed.). A Descriptive Geography and Brief Historical Sketch of Palestine. A. Hart. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Schwarz 1850, pp. 398–99. Schwarz, Yehoseph (1850). Leeser, I. (ed.). A Descriptive Geography and Brief Historical Sketch of Palestine. A. Hart. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Schwarz 1850, pp. 398–400 Schwarz, Yehoseph (1850). Leeser, I. (ed.). A Descriptive Geography and Brief Historical Sketch of Palestine. A. Hart. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Finn 1878, pp. 287ff. Finn, J. (1878). Stirring Times, or Records from Jerusalem Consular Chronicles of 1853–1856. Vol. 2. Location: C.K. Paul & Co. Retrieved July 25, 2011.
Schwarz 1850, p. 401 Schwarz, Yehoseph (1850). Leeser, I. (ed.). A Descriptive Geography and Brief Historical Sketch of Palestine. A. Hart. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Finn 1878, pp. 305–308. Finn, J. (1878). Stirring Times, or Records from Jerusalem Consular Chronicles of 1853–1856. Vol. 2. Location: C.K. Paul & Co. Retrieved July 25, 2011.
Conder 1879, p. 79 Conder, C.R. (1879). Tent Work in Palestine. A Record of Discovery and Adventure. Vol. 2. Richard Bentley & Son (published for the Committee of the PEF). OCLC 23589738. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
Renan 1864, p. 93 remarked of the town that it was "one of the bulwarks of Semitic ideas, in their most austere form". Renan, E. (1864). The life of Jesus. Trübner. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Rubenberg 2003, pp. 162–63) Rubenberg, C. (2003). The Palestinians: in search of a just peace. Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 157. ISBN 978-1-58826-225-7. Retrieved July 27, 2011.
Rubenberg 2003, p. 187. Rubenberg, C. (2003). The Palestinians: in search of a just peace. Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 157. ISBN 978-1-58826-225-7. Retrieved July 27, 2011.
Journal of a deputation sent to the East by the committee of the Malta Protestant college, in 1849: containing an account of the present state of the Oriental nations, including their religion, learning, education, customs, and occupations, Volume 2, J. Nisbet and co., 1854. p. 395.
Lustick 1988, p. 205 n.1 Lustick, I. (1988). For the Land and the Lord: Jewish fundamentalism in Israel. New York: Council on Foreign Relations. p. 205. ISBN 978-0-87609-036-7. Retrieved July 25, 2011.
Finn 1868, p. 184:'the great oak of Sibta, commonly called Abraham's oak by most people except the Jews, who do not believe in any Abraham's oak there. The great patriarch planted, indeed, a grove at Beersheba; but the "Eloné Mamre" they declare to have been "plains", not "oaks", (which would be Alloné Mamre,) and to have been situated northwards instead of westwards from the present Hebron.' Finn, J. (1868). Byeways in Palestine. London: James Nisbett. Retrieved July 25, 2011.

arij.org (Global: low place; English: 9,922^nd place)

vprofile.arij.org

"Hebron City Profile – ARIJ" (PDF).
"Hebron City Profile" (PDF). The Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem.

asif.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Choufan, Matan (August 10, 2021). "Grapevines From Eden". Asif Culinary Institute. Retrieved December 19, 2025.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

"The Geneva Convention". BBC News. December 10, 2009. Retrieved September 27, 2011.

biblegateway.com (Global: 888^th place; English: 1,110^th place)

Gottwald 1999, p. 173, citing 2 Samuel, 5:3. Gottwald, N.K. (1999). The tribes of Yahweh: a sociology of the religion of liberated Israel, 1250–1050 BCE. Continuum International Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84127-026-5. Retrieved July 27, 2011.
Japhet 1993, p. 148. See Joshua 20, 1–7. Japhet, S. (1993). I & II Chronicles: A Commentary. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-22641-1. Retrieved July 26, 2011.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Niesiolowski-Spano 2016, p. 124. Niesiolowski-Spano, Lukasz (2016). The Origin Myths and Holy Places in the Old Testament: A Study of Aetiological Narratives. Translated by Jacek Laskowski. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-93830-8.
Cazelles 1981, p. 195 compares Amorite ḫibru(m). Two roots are in play, ḥbr/ḫbr. The root has magical overtones, and develops pejorative connotations in late Biblical usage. Cazelles, H. (1981). "Chābhar". In Botterweck, G.J.; Ringgren, H.; Fabry, H.-J. (eds.). Theological dictionary of the Old Testament. Vol. 4. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 193–197. ISBN 978-0-8028-2328-1. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Sharon 2007, p. 104 Sharon, M. (2007). Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae addendum: squeezes in the Max van Berchem collection (Palestine, Trans-Jordan, Northern Syria): squeezes 1–84. Handbuch der Orientalistik: Nahe und der Mittlere Osten. Vol. 30. Brill. pp. 104–107. ISBN 978-90-04-15780-4. Retrieved July 21, 2011.
Negev & Gibson 2001, pp. 225–5. Negev, A.; Gibson, S., eds. (2001). Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land. Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-14-311489-5. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Na'aman 2005, p. 180 Na'aman, Nadav (2005). Canaan in the 2nd Millennium BCE. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1-575-06113-9. Retrieved October 29, 2012.
Towner 2001, pp. 144–45: "[T]he city was a Canaanite royal center long before it became Israelite". Towner, Wayne Sibley (2001). Genesis. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-25256-4. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Albright 2000, p. 110 Albright, W.F. (2000) [1975]. "The Amarna letters from Palestine". In Eiddon, Iorwerth; Edwards, Stephen; Gadd, C. J. (eds.). Cambridge Ancient History: The Middle East and Aegean Region c. 1380–1000 BC. Vol. 2 (3 ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 98–116. ISBN 978-0-521-08691-2. Retrieved October 29, 2012.
Na'aman 2005, pp. 77–78 Na'aman, Nadav (2005). Canaan in the 2nd Millennium BCE. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1-575-06113-9. Retrieved October 29, 2012.
Smith 1903, p. 200. Smith, W.R. (1963) [1903]. Cook, Stanley A. (ed.). Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia. Boston: Beacon Press. Retrieved July 20, 2011. Reprint: ISBN 978-0-8264-1526-4.
Na'aman 2005, p. 361 These non-Semitic names perhaps echo either a tradition of a group of elite professional troops (Philistines, Hittites), formed in Canaan whose ascendancy was overthrown by the West-Semitic clan of Caleb. They would have migrated from the Negev, Na'aman, Nadav (2005). Canaan in the 2nd Millennium BCE. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1-575-06113-9. Retrieved October 29, 2012.
Joseph Blenkinsopp (1972). Gibeon and Israel. Cambridge University Press. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-521-08368-3.
Joshua 10:3, 5, 3–39; 12:10, 13. Na'aman 2005, p. 177 doubts this tradition. "The book of Joshua is not a reliable source for either a historical or a territorial discussion of the Late Bronze Age, and its evidence must be disregarded". Na'aman, Nadav (2005). Canaan in the 2nd Millennium BCE. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1-575-06113-9. Retrieved October 29, 2012.
Mulder 2004, p. 165 Mulder, M.J. (2004). "Qirya". In Botterweck, G. Johannes; Ringgren, Helmer; Fabry, Heinz-Josef (eds.). Theological dictionary of the Old Testament. Vol. 13. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 164–167. ISBN 978-0-8028-2337-3. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Alter 1996, p. 108. Alter, R. (1996). Genesis: Translation and Commentary. W. W. Norton. pp. 886–888. ISBN 978-0-393-03981-8. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Hamilton 1995, p. 126. Hamilton, V.P. (1995). The book of Genesis: chapters 18–50. The New international commentary on the Old Testament. Vol. 2. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-2309-0. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
Finkelstein & Silberman 2001, p. 45. Finkelstein, I.; Silberman, N.A. (2001). Covenant The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Sacred Texts. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-2338-6. Retrieved July 25, 2011.
Lied 2008, pp. 154–62, 162 Lied, Liv Ingeborg (2008). The Other Lands of Israel: Imaginations of the Land in 2 Baruch. Brill. ISBN 978-9-004-16556-4. Retrieved October 29, 2012.
Elazar 1998, p. 128: (Genesis.ch. 23) Elazar, Daniel E. (1998). Covenant and Polity in Biblical Israel: Biblical Foundations & Jewish Expressions. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7658-0452-5. Retrieved July 25, 2011.
Magen 2007, p. 185. Magen, Yitzakh (2007). "The Dating of the First Phase of the Samaritan Temple on Mt Gerizim in Light of Archaeological Evidence". In Lipschitz, Oded; Knoppers, Gary N.; Albertz, Rainer (eds.). Judah and the Judeans in the Fourth Century BCE. Eisenbrauns. pp. 157–212. ISBN 978-1-575-06130-6.
Glick 1994, p. 46, citing Joshua 10:36–42 and the influence this has had on certain settlers in the West Bank. Glick, Leonard B. (1994). "Religion and Genocide". In Charny, I. W. (ed.). The Widening Circle of Genocide. Genocide: A Critical Bibliography. Vol. 3. TRansaction Publishers/Institute on the Holocaust and Genocide. pp. 43–74. ISBN 978-1-412-83965-5. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
Gottwald 1999, p. 153: "certain conquests claimed for Joshua are elsewhere attributed to single tribes or clans, for example, in the case of Hebron (in Joshua 10:36–37, Hebron's capture is attributed to Joshua; in Judges 1:10 to Judah; in Judges 1:20 and Joshua 14:13–14; 15:13–14" to Caleb. Gottwald, N.K. (1999). The tribes of Yahweh: a sociology of the religion of liberated Israel, 1250–1050 BCE. Continuum International Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84127-026-5. Retrieved July 27, 2011.
Bratcher & Newman 1983, p. 262. Bratcher, Robert G; Newman, Barclay Moon (1983). A Translator's Handbook on the Book of Joshua. United Bible Societies. ISBN 978-0-8267-0105-3. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
Schafer-Lichtenberger (September 1, 1996). "Sociological views". In Volkmar Fritz (ed.). The Origins of the Ancient Israelite States. Philip R. Davies. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-567-60296-1.
Gottwald 1999, p. 173, citing 2 Samuel, 5:3. Gottwald, N.K. (1999). The tribes of Yahweh: a sociology of the religion of liberated Israel, 1250–1050 BCE. Continuum International Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84127-026-5. Retrieved July 27, 2011.
Japhet 1993, p. 148. See Joshua 20, 1–7. Japhet, S. (1993). I & II Chronicles: A Commentary. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-22641-1. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Jericke 2003, p. 17 Jericke, Detlef (2003). Abraham in Mamre: Historische und exegetische Studien zur Region von Hebron und zu Genesis 11, 27 – 19, 38. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-12939-9. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Jericke 2003, pp. 26ff., 31. Jericke, Detlef (2003). Abraham in Mamre: Historische und exegetische Studien zur Region von Hebron und zu Genesis 11, 27 – 19, 38. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-12939-9. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Carter 1999, pp. 96–99 Carter challenges this view on the grounds that it has no archeological support. Carter, Charles E. (1999). The Emergence of Yehud in the Persian Period: A Social and Demographic Study. Journal for the study of the Old Testament: Supplement series. Vol. 294. New York & London: Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-84127-012-8. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
Lemaire 2006, p. 419 Lemaire, A. (2006). "New Aramaic Ostraca from Idumea and their Historical Interpretation". In Lipschitz, Oded; Oeming, Manfred (eds.). Judah and the Judeans in the Persian Period. Eisenbrauns. pp. 413–456. ISBN 978-1-57506-104-7. Retrieved October 7, 2015.
Jericke 2003, p. 19. Jericke, Detlef (2003). Abraham in Mamre: Historische und exegetische Studien zur Region von Hebron und zu Genesis 11, 27 – 19, 38. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-12939-9. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Josephus 1860, p. 334 Josephus Flavius, Antiquities of the Jews, Bk. 12, ch.8, para.6. Josephus, Flavius (1860) [1737]. Whiston, William (ed.). The complete works of Flavius Josephus. London: T. Nelson and sons, 1860. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Duke 2010, pp. 93–94 is sceptical.'This should be considered a raid on Hebron instead of a conquest based on subsequent events in the book of I Maccabees.' Duke, Robert R. (2010). The Social Location of the Visions of Amram (4Q543-547). Studies in biblical literature. Vol. 135. Peter Lang. ISBN 978-1-4331-0789-4. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
Duke 2010, p. 94 Duke, Robert R. (2010). The Social Location of the Visions of Amram (4Q543-547). Studies in biblical literature. Vol. 135. Peter Lang. ISBN 978-1-4331-0789-4. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
Jericke 2003, p. 17:'Spätestens in römischer Zeit ist die Ansiedlung im Tal beim heutigen Stadtzentrum zu finden'. Jericke, Detlef (2003). Abraham in Mamre: Historische und exegetische Studien zur Region von Hebron und zu Genesis 11, 27 – 19, 38. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-12939-9. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Josephus 1860, p. 701 Josephus, The Jewish War, Bk 4, ch. 9, p. 9. Josephus, Flavius (1860) [1737]. Whiston, William (ed.). The complete works of Flavius Josephus. London: T. Nelson and sons, 1860. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Schürer, Millar & Vermes 1973, p. 553 n.178 citing Jerome, in Zachariam 11:5; in Hieremiam 6:18; Chronicon paschale. Schürer, E.; Millar, F.; Vermes, G. (1973). The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ (175 BC – AD 135). Vol. 1. Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-567-02242-4. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Hezser 2002, p. 96. Hezser, Catherine (2002). "The Social Status of Slaves in the Talmud Yerushalmi and in Graeco-Roman Society". In Schäfer, Peter (ed.). The Talmud Yerushalmi and Graece-Roman Culture. Texte und Studien zum antiken Judentum. Vol. 3. Mohr Siebeck. pp. 91–138. ISBN 978-0-567-02242-4. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Norwich 1999, p. 285 Norwich, J.J. (1999). Byzantium; The Early Centuries. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-394-53778-8. Retrieved July 26, 2011.^{[permanent dead link]}
Gil 1997, pp. 56–57 cites the late testimony of two monks, Eudes and Arnoul CE 1119–1120:'When they (the Muslims) came to Hebron they were amazed to see the strong and handsome structures of the walls and they could not find an opening through which to enter, then the Jews happened to come, who lived in the area under the former rule of the Greeks (that is the Byzantines), and they said to the Muslims: give us (a letter of security) that we may continue to live (in our places) under your rule (literally-amongst you) and permit us to build a synagogue in front of the entrance (to the city). If you will do this, we shall show you where you can break in. And it was so'. Gil, Moshe (1997) [1983]. A History of Palestine, 634–1099. Translated by Ethel Broido. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-59984-9.
Büssow 2011, p. 195 Büssow, J. (2011). Hamidian Palestine: Politics and Society in the District of Jerusalem 1872–1908. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-20569-7. Retrieved October 27, 2012.
Hiro 1999, p. 166. Hiro, D. (1999). Sharing the Promised Land: a tale of Israelis and Palestinians Olive. Olive Branch Press. ISBN 978-1-566-56319-2. Retrieved November 19, 2012.
Forbes 1965, p. 155, citing Anton Kisa et al., Das Glas im Altertum, 1908. Forbes, R.J. (1965) [1955]. Studies in Ancient Technology. Vol. 2 (2 ed.). Brill. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
Gil 1997, pp. 205 Gil, Moshe (1997) [1983]. A History of Palestine, 634–1099. Translated by Ethel Broido. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-59984-9.
Al-Muqaddasi 2001, pp. 156–57. For an older translation see Le Strange 1890, pp. 309–10 Al-Muqaddasi (2001). Collins, B. A. (ed.). The Best Divisions for Knowledge of the Regions. Ahasan al-Taqasim Fi Ma'rifat al-Aqalim. Reading: Garnet Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85964-136-1. Retrieved July 26, 2011. Le Strange, G. (1890). Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from AD 650 to 1500. London: Alexander P. Watt. Retrieved July 25, 2011. Reprint: ISBN 978-1-143-27239-4.
Singer 2002, p. 148. Singer, A. (2002). Constructing Ottoman Beneficence: An Imperial Soup Kitchen in Jerusalem. New York: SUNY Press. Retrieved July 26, 2011. Reprint: ISBN 978-0-7914-5352-0.
Gil 1997, p. 206 Gil, Moshe (1997) [1983]. A History of Palestine, 634–1099. Translated by Ethel Broido. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-59984-9.
Runciman 1965a, p. 307 Runciman also (pp. 307–08) notes that Gerard of Avesnes was a knight from Hainault held hostage at Arsuf, north of Jaffa, who had been wounded by Godfrey's own forces during the siege of the port, and later returned by the Muslims to Godfrey as a token of good will. Runciman, S. (1965a) [1951]. A History of the Crusades:The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-1-78292-436-4. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Runciman 1965b, p. 4 Runciman, S. (1965b) [1952]. A History of the Crusades:The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East 1100–1187. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-521-34771-6. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Runciman 1965b, p. 319. Runciman, S. (1965b) [1952]. A History of the Crusades:The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East 1100–1187. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-521-34771-6. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Kraemer 2001, p. 422. Kraemer, Joel L (2001). "The Life of Moses Ben Maimon". In Fine, Lawrence (ed.). Judaism in Practice: From the Middle Ages Through the Early Modern Period. Princeton University Press. pp. 413–428. ISBN 978-0-691-05787-3. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
Boas 1999, p. 52. Boas, Adrian J. (1999). Crusader archaeology: the material culture of the Latin East. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-17361-2. Retrieved July 25, 2011.
Richard 1999, p. 112. Richard, Jean (1999). The Crusades, c. 1071–c. 1291. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-62566-1. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
Benjamin 1907, p. 25. Benjamin (of Tudela) (1907). Adler, Marcus Nathan (ed.). The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela: Critical Text, Translation and Commentary. Oxford: Henry Frowde. Reprint: ISBN 978-0-8370-2263-5.
Gil 1997, p. 207. Note to editors. This account, always in Moshe Gil, refers to two distinct events, the Arab conquest from Byzantium, and the Kurdish-Arab conquest from Crusaders. In both the manuscript is a monkish chronicle, and the words used, and event described is identical. We may have a secondary source confusion here. Gil, Moshe (1997) [1983]. A History of Palestine, 634–1099. Translated by Ethel Broido. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-59984-9.
Sharon 2003, p. 297. Sharon, M. (2003). "Palestine Under the Mameluks and the Ottoman Empire (1291–1918)". In Avi-Yonah, M. (ed.). A History of Israel and the Holy Land. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 272–322. ISBN 978-0-8264-1526-4. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
Runciman 1965c, p. 219 Runciman, S. (1965c) [1954]. A History of the Crusades:The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-521-34772-3. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Micheau 2006, p. 402 Micheau, Françoise (2006). "Eastern Christianities (eleventh to fourteenth century): Copts, Melkites, Nestorians and Jacobites". In Angold, M. (ed.). Eastern Christianity. The Cambridge History of Christianity. Vol. 5. Cambridge University Press. pp. 373–403. ISBN 978-0-521-81113-2. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
Murphy-O'Connor 1998, p. 274. Murphy-O'Connor, J. (1998). The Holy Land: An Oxford Archaeological Guide from Earliest Times to 1700. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-288013-0. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Sharon 1997, pp. 117–18. Sharon, M., ed. (1997). Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae:A. Handbuch der Orientalistik: Nahe und der Mittlere Osten. Vol. 1. Brill. pp. 117–118. ISBN 978-90-04-10833-2. Retrieved July 21, 2011.
Meri 2004, pp. 362–63. Meri, J.W. (2004). Medieval Islamic Civilization. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-96690-0. Retrieved November 21, 2012.
Kosover 1966, p. 5. Kosover, Mordecai (1966). Arabic elements in Palestinian Yiddish: the old Ashkenazic Jewish community in Palestine, its history and its language. R. Mass. Retrieved October 29, 2012.
David 2010, p. 24. David, Abraham (2010). To Come to the Land: Immigration and Settlement in 16th-Century Eretz-Israel. University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-817-35643-9. Retrieved November 10, 2012.
Lamdan 2000, p. 102. Lamdan, Ruth (2000). A Separate People: Jewish Women in Palestine, Syria, and Egypt in the Sixteenth Century. Brill's Series in Jewish Studies. Vol. 26. Brill. ISBN 978-9-004-11747-1. Retrieved October 29, 2012.
Singer 2002, p. 148 Singer, A. (2002). Constructing Ottoman Beneficence: An Imperial Soup Kitchen in Jerusalem. New York: SUNY Press. Retrieved July 26, 2011. Reprint: ISBN 978-0-7914-5352-0.
Berger 2012, p. 246.. Berger, Pamela (2012). The Crescent on the Temple: The Dome of the Rock as Image of the Ancient Jewish Sanctuary. Brill's Studies in Religion and the Arts. Vol. 5. Brill. ISBN 978-9-004-20300-6. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
Green 2007, pp. xv–xix. Green, T. (2007). Inquisition; The Reign of Fear. Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-1-4050-8873-2. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
Büssow 2011, p. 195. Büssow, J. (2011). Hamidian Palestine: Politics and Society in the District of Jerusalem 1872–1908. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-20569-7. Retrieved October 27, 2012.
David 2010, p. 24. Tahrir registers document 20 households in 1538/9, 8 in 1553/4, 11 in 1562 and 1596/7. Gil however suggests the tahrir records of the Jewish population may be understated. David, Abraham (2010). To Come to the Land: Immigration and Settlement in 16th-Century Eretz-Israel. University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-817-35643-9. Retrieved November 10, 2012.
Perera 1996, p. 104. Perera, V. (1996) [1995]. The Cross and the Pear Tree: A Sephardic Journey. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-20652-6. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
Barnay 1992, pp. 89–90 gives the figures of 12,000 quadrupling to 46,000 Kuruş. Barnay, Jacob (1992). Goldblum, Naomi (ed.). The Jews in Palestine in the Eighteenth Century: Under the Patronage of the Istanbul Committee of Officials for Palestine. University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-817-30572-7. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
Marcus 1996, p. 85. In 1770, they received financial assistance from North American Jews, which amounted in excess of £100. Marcus, J.R. (1996). The Jew in the American world: a source book. Wayne State University Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-814-32548-3.
Van Luit 2009, p. 42. In 1803, the rabbis and elders of the Jewish community were imprisoned after failing to pay their debts. In 1807, the community did succeed in purchasing a 5-dunam (5,000 m²) plot where Hebron's wholesale market stands today. Van Luit, Tehilah (2009). Mediene Remnants: Yiddish Sources in the Netherlands Outside of Amsterdam. Brill. ISBN 978-9-004-15625-8. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
Conder 1830, p. 198. Conder, J. (1830). The Modern Traveller: A Description, Geographical, Historical, and Topographical, of the Various Countries of the Globe. Vol. 1. J. Duncan. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Conder 1830, p. 198. The source was a manuscript, The Travels of Ali Bey, vol. ii, pp. 232–33. Conder, J. (1830). The Modern Traveller: A Description, Geographical, Historical, and Topographical, of the Various Countries of the Globe. Vol. 1. J. Duncan. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Büssow 2011, p. 198 Büssow, J. (2011). Hamidian Palestine: Politics and Society in the District of Jerusalem 1872–1908. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-20569-7. Retrieved October 27, 2012.
WV 1833, p. 436. "The Weekly Visitor". Religious Tract Society. November 1833. pp. 433–440. Retrieved June 22, 2020.
Shaw 1808, p. 144 Shaw, T. (1808). Travels or observations relating to several parts of Barbary and the Levant. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: J. Ritchie. Retrieved July 27, 2011.
Krämer 2011, p. 68 Krämer, G. (2011). A History of Palestine: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Founding of the State of Israel. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-15007-9. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
Kimmerling & Migdal 2003, pp. 6–11, esp. p. 8 Kimmerling, B.; Migdal, Joel S. (2003). The Palestinian people: a history. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01129-8. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Cohen 2015, p. 15. Cohen, H. (2015). Year Zero of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: 1929. Brandeis University Press. ISBN 978-1-611-68811-5.
Wilson 1847, pp. 355–381, 372:The rabbi of the Ashkenazi community, who said they numbered 60 mainly Polish and Russian emigrants, professed no knowledge of the Sephardim in Hebron (p. 377). Wilson, J. (1847). The lands of the Bible visited and described. Vol. 1. White. Retrieved October 5, 2013.
Sicker 1999, p. 6. Sicker, Martin (1999). Reshaping Palestine: From Muhammad Ali to the British Mandate, 1831–1922. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-96639-3. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Büssow 2011, pp. 198–99. Büssow, J. (2011). Hamidian Palestine: Politics and Society in the District of Jerusalem 1872–1908. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-20569-7. Retrieved October 27, 2012.
Wilson 1847, p. 379. Wilson, J. (1847). The lands of the Bible visited and described. Vol. 1. White. Retrieved October 5, 2013.
Wilson 1881, p. 195 mentions a different set of names, the Quarter of the Cloister Gate (Harat Bab ez Zawiyeh);the Quarter of the Sanctuary (Haret el Haram), to the south-east. Wilson, C.W. (1881). Triumph of survival: the story of the Jews in the modern era, 1650–1990. D. Appleton. Retrieved October 5, 2013.
Isaac Samuel Emmanuel, Suzanne A. Emmanuel. History of the Jews of the Netherlands Antilles, Volume 2. American Jewish Archives. 1970. p. 754: "Between 1869 and 1871 Hebron was plagued with a severe drought. Food was so scarce that the little available sold for ten times the normal value. Although the rains came in 1871, there was no easing of the famine, for the farmers had no seed to sow. The [Jewish] community was obliged to borrow money from non-Jews at exorbitant interest rates in order to buy wheat for their fold. Their leaders finally decided to send their eminent Chief Rabbi Eliau [Soliman] Mani to Egypt to obtain relief."
Khalidi 1998, p. 218. Khalidi, R. (1998) [1998]. Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-10515-6. Retrieved July 28, 2011.
Tarākī 2006, pp. 12–14 Tarākī, L., ed. (2006). Living Palestine: Family Survival, Resistance, And Mobility Under Occupation. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0-815-63107-1. Retrieved November 20, 2012.
Tarākī 2006, pp. 12–14: "Throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and well into the twentieth, Hebron was a peripheral, "borderline" community, attracting poor itinerant peasants and those with Sufi inclinations from its environs. The tradition of shorabat Sayyidna Ibrahim, a soup kitchen surviving into the present day and supervised by the awqaf, and that of the Sufi zawaya gave the city a reputation for being an asylum for the poor and the spiritual. (Ju'beh 2003). Tarākī, L., ed. (2006). Living Palestine: Family Survival, Resistance, And Mobility Under Occupation. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0-815-63107-1. Retrieved November 20, 2012.
Kimmerling & Migdal 2003, p. 41 Kimmerling, B.; Migdal, Joel S. (2003). The Palestinian people: a history. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01129-8. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Gorenberg 2007, p. 145. Gorenberg, G. (2007). The Accidental Empire: Israel and the Birth of the Settlements, 1967–1977. Times Books, Henry Holt and Co. ISBN 978-0-8050-8241-8. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
Laurens 1999, p. 508. Laurens, H. (1999). La question de Palestine: 1799–1922, l'invention de la terre sainte. Vol. 1. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0. Retrieved July 25, 2011.^{[permanent dead link]}
Büssow 2011, p. 199. Büssow, J. (2011). Hamidian Palestine: Politics and Society in the District of Jerusalem 1872–1908. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-20569-7. Retrieved October 27, 2012.
Kimmerling & Migdal 2003, p. 92. Kimmerling, B.; Migdal, Joel S. (2003). The Palestinian people: a history. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01129-8. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Campos 2007, pp. 55–56 Campos, Michelle (2007). "Remembering Jewish-Arab Contact and Conflict". In Sufian, Sandra Marlene; LeVine, M. (eds.). Reapproaching borders: new perspectives on the study of Israel-Palestine. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 41–66. ISBN 978-0-7425-4639-4.
Kupferschmidt 1987, pp. 110–11. Kupferschmidt, Uri M. (1987). The Supreme Muslim Council: Islam Under the British Mandate for Palestine. Brill. ISBN 978-9-004-07929-8. Retrieved November 5, 2012.
Cohen 2008, p. 64. Cohen, H. (2009) [2008]. Watzman, Haim (ed.). Army of Shadows: Palestinian Collaboration with Zionism, 1917–1948. University of California Press. ISBN 978-1-55054-967-6. Retrieved July 25, 2011.
Kupferschmidt 1987, p. 82: "In any event, after his appointment, Abd al-Hayy al-Khatib not only played a prominent role in the disturbances of 1929, but, in general, appeared as one of the few loyal adherents of Hajj Amin in that town." Kupferschmidt, Uri M. (1987). The Supreme Muslim Council: Islam Under the British Mandate for Palestine. Brill. ISBN 978-9-004-07929-8. Retrieved November 5, 2012.
Tarākī 2006, pp. 12–14. Tarākī, L., ed. (2006). Living Palestine: Family Survival, Resistance, And Mobility Under Occupation. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0-815-63107-1. Retrieved November 20, 2012.
Cohen 2008, pp. 19–20. Cohen, H. (2009) [2008]. Watzman, Haim (ed.). Army of Shadows: Palestinian Collaboration with Zionism, 1917–1948. University of California Press. ISBN 978-1-55054-967-6. Retrieved July 25, 2011.
Kupferschmidt 1987, p. 237 Kupferschmidt, Uri M. (1987). The Supreme Muslim Council: Islam Under the British Mandate for Palestine. Brill. ISBN 978-9-004-07929-8. Retrieved November 5, 2012.
Wein 1993, pp. 138–39, Wein, B. (1993). Triumph of survival: the story of the Jews in the modern era, 1650–1990. Mesorah Publications. ISBN 978-0-89906-498-7. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Bauman 1994, p. 22 Bauman, Mark K. (1994). Harry H. Epstein and the Rabbinate as Conduit for Change. New York & London: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. ISBN 978-0-8386-3541-4. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
Krämer 2011, p. 232. Krämer, G. (2011). A History of Palestine: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Founding of the State of Israel. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-15007-9. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
Segev 2001, p. 318. Segev, T. (2001). Palestine, Complete; Jews and Arabs under the British Mandate. Little, Brown and company. ISBN 978-4-444-40801-1. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
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Post-holocaust and anti-semitism – Issues 40–75 – Page 35 Merkaz ha-Yerushalmi le-ʻinyene tsibur u-medinah, Temple University. Center for Jewish Community Studies – 2006: "After the 1929 riots in Mandatory Palestine, the non-Jewish French writer Albert Londres asked him why the Arabs had murdered the old, pious Jews in Hebron and Safed, with whom they had no quarrel. The mayor answered: "In a way you behave like in a war. You don't kill what you want. You kill what you find. Next time they will all be killed, young and old." Later on, Londres spoke again to the mayor and tested him ironically by saying: "You cannot kill all the Jews. There are 150,000 of them." Nashashibi answered "in a soft voice, 'Oh no, it'll take two days."
Segev 2001, pp. 325–26: The Zionist Archives preserves lists of Jews who were saved by Arabs; one list contains 435 names. Segev, T. (2001). Palestine, Complete; Jews and Arabs under the British Mandate. Little, Brown and company. ISBN 978-4-444-40801-1. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Campos 2007, pp. 56–57 Campos, Michelle (2007). "Remembering Jewish-Arab Contact and Conflict". In Sufian, Sandra Marlene; LeVine, M. (eds.). Reapproaching borders: new perspectives on the study of Israel-Palestine. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 41–66. ISBN 978-0-7425-4639-4.
Benny Morris. The Road to Jerusalem: Glubb Pasha, Palestine and the Jews. 2003. pp. 186–87.
Robins 2004, pp. 71–72 Robins, Philip (2004). A History of Jordan. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-59895-8. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Michael Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley (2007). Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 165. ISBN 978-1-57607-919-5.
The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Sir H. A. R. Gibb 1980. p. 337.
Efrat 1984, p. 192 Efrat, Elisha (1984). Urbanization in Israel. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-7099-0931-6.
Auerbach 2009, p. 79: "Under Jordanian rule, the last vestiges of a Jewish historical presence in Hebron were obliterated. The Avraham Avinu synagogue, already in ruins, was razed; a pen for goats, sheep, and donkeys was built on the site." Auerbach, J. (2009). Hebron Jews: Memory and Conflict in the Land of Israel. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-742-56617-0.
Gorenberg 2007, pp. 80–83. Gorenberg, G. (2007). The Accidental Empire: Israel and the Birth of the Settlements, 1967–1977. Times Books, Henry Holt and Co. ISBN 978-0-8050-8241-8. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
Gorenberg 2007, pp. 138–39 Gorenberg, G. (2007). The Accidental Empire: Israel and the Birth of the Settlements, 1967–1977. Times Books, Henry Holt and Co. ISBN 978-0-8050-8241-8. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
Sternhell 1999, p. 333 Sternhell, Z. (1999). The Founding Myths of Israel: Nationalism, Socialism, and the Making of the Jewish State. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-00967-4. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Sternhell 1999, p. 337: "In building this new Jewish town, one was sending a message to the international community: for the Jews, the sites connected with Jewish history are inalienable, and if later, for circumstantial reasons, the state of Israel is obliged to give one or another of them up, the step is not considered final." Sternhell, Z. (1999). The Founding Myths of Israel: Nationalism, Socialism, and the Making of the Jewish State. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-00967-4. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Gorenberg 2007, p. 151: "David's kingdom was a model for the messianic kingdom. David began in Hebron, so settling Hebron would lead to final redemption." Gorenberg, G. (2007). The Accidental Empire: Israel and the Birth of the Settlements, 1967–1977. Times Books, Henry Holt and Co. ISBN 978-0-8050-8241-8. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
Segev 2008, p. 698: "Hebron was considered a holy city; the massacre of Jews there in 1929 was imprinted on national memory along with the great pogroms of Eastern Europe. The messianic fervor that characterized the Hebron settlers was more powerful than the awakening that led people to settle in East Jerusalem: while Jerusalem had already been annexed, the future of Hebron was still unclear." Segev, T. (2008) [2007]. 1967. Israel, the War and the Year that Transformed the Middle East. Abacus Books. ISBN 978-0-349-11595-5. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Charles Reynell (1972). "Economist". The Economist. Vol. 242.
Mattar 2005, p. 255 Mattar, P. (2005). Encyclopedia of the Palestinians. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8160-6986-6.
Bouckaert 2001, p. 14 Bouckaert, P. (2001). Bencomo, Clarissa (ed.). Center of the Storm: A Case Study of Human Rights Abuses in Hebron District. Human Rights Watch. ISBN 978-1-56432-260-9. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Kellerman 1993, p. 89 Kellerman, Aharon (1993). Society and settlement: Jewish land of Israel in the twentieth century. Albany, New York: SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-1295-4. Retrieved July 25, 2011.
Bovard 2004, p. 265, citing Charles A. Radin (July 31, 2002). "A Top Israeli Says Settlers Incited Riot in Hebron". The Boston Globe; Amos Harel and Jonathan Lis (July 31, 2002). "Minister's Aide Calls Hebron Riots a 'Pogrom'". Haaretz. p. 409, notes 55, 56. Bovard, J. (2004) [2003]. Terrorism and Tyranny: Trampling Freedom, Justice, and Peace to Rid the World of Evil. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-403-96682-7. Retrieved July 31, 2012.^{[permanent dead link]}
Cohen 1985, p. 105 Cohen, Esther Rosalind (1985). Human rights in the Israeli-occupied territories, 1967–1982. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-1726-1. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Feige 2009, p. 158 Feige, Michael (2009). Settling in the hearts: Jewish fundamentalism in the occupied territories. Wayne State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8143-2750-0. Retrieved July 28, 2011.
Cordesman 2006, p. 135. Cordesman, A.H. (2006). Arab-Israeli Military Forces in an Era of Asymmetric War. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-99186-9. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
Kimmerling & Migdal 2003, p. 443 Kimmerling, B.; Migdal, Joel S. (2003). The Palestinian people: a history. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01129-8. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Bovard 2004, p. 265. Meir Tayar, commander of the Hebron Border Police at the time testified that, 'Instructions are to take cover, wait until the clip is empty or the gun jams and then overpower him. Even if I had been there (in the mosque), I could not have done anything-there were special orders.' Bovard, J. (2004) [2003]. Terrorism and Tyranny: Trampling Freedom, Justice, and Peace to Rid the World of Evil. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-403-96682-7. Retrieved July 31, 2012.^{[permanent dead link]}
Alimi 2013, p. 178 Alimi, Eitan (2013). Israeli Politics and the First Palestinian Intifada: Political Opportunities, Framing Processes and Contentious Politics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-17182-8. Retrieved October 5, 2013.
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Bouckaert 2001, pp. 5, 40–43, 48, 71–72 Bouckaert, P. (2001). Bencomo, Clarissa (ed.). Center of the Storm: A Case Study of Human Rights Abuses in Hebron District. Human Rights Watch. ISBN 978-1-56432-260-9. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
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De Cesari 2009, pp. 230–33 De Cesari, Chiara (2009). Cultural Heritage Beyond the "state": Palestinian Heritage Between Nationalism and Transnationalism. Stanford University Dept. of Anthropology. ISBN 978-0-549-98604-1. Retrieved November 21, 2012.^{[permanent dead link]}
Yiftachel & Roded 2010, p. 193. Yiftachel, Oren; Roded, Batya (2010). "Abraham's Urban Footsteps: Political Geography and Religious Radicalism in Israel/Palestine". In AlSayyad, Nezar; Massoumi, Mejgan (eds.). The Fundamentalist City?: Religiosity and the Remaking of Urban Space. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-92121-6.
Weber & Dubovoy 1995, p. 337. Weber, Elizabeth Dolly; Dubovoy, Sina (1995). "Hebron (West Bank)". In Ring, T.; Salkin, R.M.; Boda, S.L. (eds.). International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-884964-03-9.
Turner 1820, p. 261 Turner, W. (1820). Journal of a tour in the Levant. Vol. 2. John Murray. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
Frederick Adolphus Packard (1842). The Union Bible Dictionary. American Sunday-School Union. p. 304. About four hundred families of Arabs dwell in Hebron, and about one hundred and twenty families of Jews; the latter having been greatly reduced in number by a bloody battle in 1834, between them and the troops of Ibrahim Pasha.
M. Th. Houtsma (1993). E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936. Vol. 4. Brill. p. 887. ISBN 978-90-04-09790-2.
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Ami Pedahzur, Arie Perliger. Jewish Terrorism in Israel. Columbia University Press. 2011. p. 72.
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Gorenberg 2007, pp. 205, 359. Gorenberg, G. (2007). The Accidental Empire: Israel and the Birth of the Settlements, 1967–1977. Times Books, Henry Holt and Co. ISBN 978-0-8050-8241-8. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
Auerbach 2009, p. 60 Auerbach, J. (2009). Hebron Jews: Memory and Conflict in the Land of Israel. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-742-56617-0.
Neuman 2018, pp. 79–80. Neuman, Tamara (2018). Settling Hebron : Jewish Fundamentalism in a Palestinian City. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-812-24995-8.
Perera 1996, pp. 178: "As I made my way to the Machpelah, I passed a curious scene. The Hadassah hospital of Hebron, which is Arab-administered, had been taken over by Israeli women of Kiryat Arba, the new settlement on the hill overlooking the city. Miriam Levinger, wife of Moshe Levinger, the militant right-wing rabbi who founded Kiryat Arba, was screaming in her Brooklyn-accented Hebrew at the Palestinian police, who were – very politely – attempting to remove the women from the hospital grounds." Perera, V. (1996) [1995]. The Cross and the Pear Tree: A Sephardic Journey. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-20652-6. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
Kretzmer 2002, pp. 117–18 Kretzmer, D. (2002). The Occupation of Justice: The Supreme Court of Israel and the Occupied Territories. Albany, New York: SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-5338-4. Retrieved July 25, 2011.
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Bouckaert 2001, p. 86 Bouckaert, P. (2001). Bencomo, Clarissa (ed.). Center of the Storm: A Case Study of Human Rights Abuses in Hebron District. Human Rights Watch. ISBN 978-1-56432-260-9. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
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Platt 2012, pp. 79–80. Platt, E. (2012). City of Abraham: History, Myth and Memory: A Journey through Hebron. Pan Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-447-21330-7. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
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Miscellanies of divinitie: divided into three books Edward Kellet, 1633. p. 223: "Sixthly, the field of Damascus, where the red earth lieth, of which they report Adam was formed; which earth is tough, and may be wrought like wax, and lieth close by Hebron."
Neuman 2018, p. 1 Neuman, Tamara (2018). Settling Hebron : Jewish Fundamentalism in a Palestinian City. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-812-24995-8.
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Neuman 2018, p. 5: "This narrowed or fundamentalist focus involves three further changes that are also useful for framing this study: the first is that religiously inscribed space, particularly the remaking of many Palestinian areas into a geography of biblical sites and origins, has been given a new significance in the construction of a distinct Jewish (settler) identity. Spatial reorganization has also resulted in a range of incremental practices included under the rubric of religion that link up with this process of inscription— including renaming, reenvisioning, and rebuilding. These practices in turn support and magnify resolute place-based attachments. The second shift is that these remade biblical sites, specifically in Hebron and within the Tomb of the Patriarchs itself, are being given a new centrality in Jewish observance, one that largely cancels out the exilic orientation of Jewish tradition. They give rise to a form of Jewish observance focusing on exact origins and specific graves to the exclusion of a more characteristic yearning for the messianic future. Third, the final change entails writing out the many historical convergences between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam reflected in the traditions themselves so as to eliminate possibilities for accommodating difference, while using Jewish observance and forms of direct violence in order to erase the presence of an existing Palestinian population." Neuman, Tamara (2018). Settling Hebron : Jewish Fundamentalism in a Palestinian City. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-812-24995-8.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

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btselem.org (Global: 5,932^nd place; English: 5,423^rd place)

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chabad.org (Global: 3,183^rd place; English: 2,296^th place)

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commons.wikimedia.org (Global: 484^th place; English: 698^th place)

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Le Strange 1890, p. 315 Le Strange, G. (1890). Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from AD 650 to 1500. London: Alexander P. Watt. Retrieved July 25, 2011. Reprint: ISBN 978-1-143-27239-4.
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"History/Mission of CPT". Christian Peacemaker Teams. Archived from the original on October 11, 2008.

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History made as Derby becomes 'sister city' of Hebron, Palestine Archived September 23, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Derby Telegraph

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Kraeling 1925, p. 179. Kraeling, E.G.H. (April 1925). "The Early Cult of Hebron and Judg. 16:1–3". The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures. 41 (3): 174–178. doi:10.1086/370066. S2CID 171070877.
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Goldfield, Norbert (April 2, 2021). "Palestinian Working Women Society for Development: Building resilience in the Hebron Hills in Occupied Palestinian Territory". Peace Building through Women's Health. Routledge. pp. 158–174. doi:10.4324/9781003163657-12. ISBN 978-1-003-16365-7. Retrieved June 23, 2024.
Vitullo, Anita (2003). "People Tied to Place: Strengthening Cultural Identity in Hebron's Old City". Journal of Palestine Studies. 33 (1): 72. doi:10.1525/jps.2003.33.1.68. ISSN 0377-919X.

dx.doi.org

"Total central bank liabilities". OECD Economic Surveys: Euro Area 2014. OECD Economic Surveys: Euro Area. April 3, 2014. doi:10.1787/eco_surveys-euz-2014-graph12-en. ISBN 978-92-64-20688-5. ISSN 1999-0804.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
Goldfield, Norbert (April 2, 2021). "Palestinian Working Women Society for Development: Building resilience in the Hebron Hills in Occupied Palestinian Territory". Peace Building through Women's Health. Routledge. pp. 158–174. doi:10.4324/9781003163657-12. ISBN 978-1-003-16365-7. Retrieved June 23, 2024.

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"Advancing Sanitation Solutions and Reuse in the Hebron Stream: Shared Waters / Geographic Description" (PDF). Community Based Problem Solving on Water Issues: Cross-border "Priority Initiatives" of the Good Water Neighbors Project. Amman, Bethlehem and Tel Aviv: EcoPeace Middle East. p. 29. Retrieved February 23, 2021.

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"visiting Royal Industrial Trading in Hebron". The Excellence Center. October 4, 2018. Retrieved June 23, 2024.

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"Two Norwegian observers killed near Hebron". The Daily Telegraph. London. March 26, 2002. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved November 12, 2009.

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"Israelis outraged by UNESCO decision on Hebron holy site". ABC News. Associated Press. July 7, 2017. Archived from the original on July 7, 2017. Retrieved July 8, 2017.

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Sharon, Moshe (December 9, 2013). Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae, Volume Five: -H-I-. BRILL. pp. 54–64. ISBN 978-90-04-25481-7. Retrieved February 26, 2026.
Gaul, Anny; Pitts, Graham Auman; Valosik, Vicki (December 8, 2021). Making Levantine Cuisine: Modern Foodways of the Eastern Mediterranean. University of Texas Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-1-4773-2459-2. Retrieved April 7, 2026.

gov.il (Global: 3,421^st place; English: 6,162^nd place)

"ISA arrests murderer of 10-month-old Shalhevet Pass". www.gov.il. Retrieved March 26, 2026.

haaretz.com (Global: 379^th place; English: 278^th place)

Hasson 2016 Hasson, Nir (September 29, 2016). "Ancient Toilet Reveals the Unique Way the Israelites Fought Idol-worship". Haaretz. Archived from the original on September 28, 2016. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
Zbeedat 2024. Zbeedat, Nagham (April 8, 2024). "West Bank Palestinians Are Also Going Hungry. This 800 Year-old Soup Kitchen Is Stepping Up". Haaretz. Retrieved April 9, 2024.
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Harel, Amos (November 20, 2008). "Hebron settler mob caught on video clashing with IDF troops". Haaretz. Archived from the original on April 20, 2010. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
Levy 2012 Levy, G. (July 31, 2012). "Border Police, Hebron's substitute for summer camp counselors". Haaretz. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
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About Founder of Hebron University Archived October 16, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Hebron University, 2010–2011.

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"Geopolitical situations In Hebron Governorate Palestine" (PDF).

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"Mounting Human Rights Crisis in Hebron". Archived from the original on November 15, 2008. Retrieved March 29, 2010.

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Hanne Eggen Røislien, "Living with Contradiction: Examining the Worldview of the Jewish Settlers in Hebron". Archived October 2, 2015, at the Wayback Machine International Journal of Conflict and Violence. Vol. 1 (2). 2007. pp. 169–184, pp. 181–182.

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"Jewish presence in Hebron is an indisputable historical fact". Israel Hayom. November 4, 2011. Retrieved March 26, 2013.

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"A Space for Nature: Wadi Al-Quff Nature Reserve | IUCN". www.iucn.org. May 30, 2018. Retrieved August 4, 2024.

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Tovah Lazaroff (May 17, 2006). "Hebron Jews' offspring divided over city's fate". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on August 16, 2011.
Katz, Yaakov; Lazaroff, Tovah. "Hebron settlers try to buy more homes". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on January 11, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
"High alert in West Bank following Beit Hashalom evacuation". Archived September 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine The Jerusalem Post. December 4, 2008.

jpost.com

"The Hebron most don't see". The Jerusalem Post. August 22, 2018. ISSN 0792-822X. Retrieved August 1, 2024.

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Братски и партнерски градови и општине [Sister and partner cities and municipalities] (in Serbian). Kraljevo.

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"Palestine Refugees: a challenge for the International Community". ReliefWeb. United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East. October 10, 2006. Archived from the original on October 17, 2006. Settler violence has forced out over half the Palestinian population in some neighborhoods in the downtown area of Hebron. This once bustling community is now eerily deserted, and presents a harrowing existence for those few Palestinians who dare to remain or who are too deep in poverty to move elsewhere.

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"Watchdog: Expansion of Hebron settlements amounts to 'right of return for Jews only". Archived September 17, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Ma'an News Agency. August 22, 2016.

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"Women Led Enterprise: Strategies to Revive Hebron's Economy".

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Commission of Inquiry 1994. Commission of Inquiry (June 26, 1994). "Commission of Inquiry into the massacre at the tomb of the Patriarchs in Hebron". MFA. Archived from the original on January 12, 2013. Retrieved August 1, 2012.
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"'Agricultural terrorism': Palestinian crops face destruction by Israeli settlers". Middle East Eye. June 3, 2018. Retrieved December 8, 2025.

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Yumna Patel (December 4, 2019). "Israel's plan to build new settlement atop Hebron market evokes painful memories for residents". Mondoweiss.

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Salaville 1910, p. 185 Salaville, Sévérien (1910). "Hebron". In Herbermann, C.G.; Pace, E.A.; Pallen, C.B.; Shahan, T.J.; Wynne, John Joseph; MacErlean, Andrew Alphonsus (eds.). The Catholic encyclopedia: an international work of reference on the constitution, doctrine, discipline, and history of the Catholic church. Vol. 7. Robert Appleton company. pp. 184–186.

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Hercz, Roger. "How Palestinians came to reject Kurdish demands for homeland". The New Arab. Archived from the original on December 20, 2024. Retrieved January 1, 2025.

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"The Tangled Truth". The New Republic. May 7, 2008.

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Freedland 2012, p. 23. Freedland, J. (February 23, 2012). "An Exclusive Corner of Hebron". New York Review of Books. pp. 21–23. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
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Occupation in Hebron Archived January 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, pp. 10–12. Alternative Information Center, 2004

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Glick 1994, p. 46, citing Joshua 10:36–42 and the influence this has had on certain settlers in the West Bank. Glick, Leonard B. (1994). "Religion and Genocide". In Charny, I. W. (ed.). The Widening Circle of Genocide. Genocide: A Critical Bibliography. Vol. 3. TRansaction Publishers/Institute on the Holocaust and Genocide. pp. 43–74. ISBN 978-1-412-83965-5. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
Gottwald 1999, p. 153: "certain conquests claimed for Joshua are elsewhere attributed to single tribes or clans, for example, in the case of Hebron (in Joshua 10:36–37, Hebron's capture is attributed to Joshua; in Judges 1:10 to Judah; in Judges 1:20 and Joshua 14:13–14; 15:13–14" to Caleb. Gottwald, N.K. (1999). The tribes of Yahweh: a sociology of the religion of liberated Israel, 1250–1050 BCE. Continuum International Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84127-026-5. Retrieved July 27, 2011.

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"Ceramics from Hebron". Palestine Center for Peace. Retrieved June 23, 2024.

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Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 (PDF). Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) (Report). State of Palestine. February 2018. pp. 64–82. Retrieved October 24, 2023.
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West Bank High Point, Palestinian Authority, Peakbagger, retrieved October 14, 2012.

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"Successes Stories in Hebron Governorate". pipa.ps. Archived from the original on June 23, 2024. Retrieved June 23, 2024.

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Margot Dudkevitch (October 6, 2000). "IDF: Palestinians offer $2,000 for 'martyrs'". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on August 3, 2009.

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"Palestine: €36 million to build the Hebron regional waste water treatment plant". PreventionWeb. April 14, 2021. Retrieved June 23, 2024.

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"الخليل تروج لعنبها الشهي والأفضل في العالم بمهرجان تقليدي سنوي" [Hebron promotes its delicious and world-class grapes with an annual traditional festival.]. Ramallah News (in Arabic). September 14, 2017. Retrieved December 19, 2025.

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"Israeli NGO issues damning report on situation in Hebron". ReliefWeb. Agence France-Presse. August 19, 2003. Archived from the original on October 21, 2007. Retrieved March 30, 2007.

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"Palestine Refugees: a challenge for the International Community". ReliefWeb. United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East. October 10, 2006. Archived from the original on October 17, 2006. Settler violence has forced out over half the Palestinian population in some neighborhoods in the downtown area of Hebron. This once bustling community is now eerily deserted, and presents a harrowing existence for those few Palestinians who dare to remain or who are too deep in poverty to move elsewhere.

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The Scotsman 2002. "Settlers' revenge leaves Hebron bleeding". The Scotsman. July 30, 2002. Archived from the original on October 21, 2007. Retrieved July 31, 2012.

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Kraeling 1925, p. 179. Kraeling, E.G.H. (April 1925). "The Early Cult of Hebron and Judg. 16:1–3". The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures. 41 (3): 174–178. doi:10.1086/370066. S2CID 171070877.

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Ed O'Loughlin (August 21, 2003). "Ceasefire illusion just blown away". The Sydney Morning Herald. Hamas claimed it marked the anniversary of Denis Michael Rohan's attempt to burn the Al-Aqsa mosque. Islamic Jihad claimed it was in revenge for the killing of a leader, Ahmed Sidr, in Hebron.

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"Two Norwegian observers killed near Hebron". The Daily Telegraph. London. March 26, 2002. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved November 12, 2009.

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Ward, Hazel (May 23, 2011). "West Bank B&B in Hebron's Old City fully booked". The Australian. Retrieved November 18, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

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"# THE FUNAMBULIST PAPERS 13 /// A Visit to The Old City of Hebron by Raja Shehadeh". THE FUNAMBULIST MAGAZINE. October 24, 2011. Retrieved July 31, 2024.

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Ilan Ben Zion (April 27, 2015). "Eyeing Nepal, experts warn Israel is unprepared for its own Big One". The Times of Israel.

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Ighbareyeh, Jehad M. H.; Cano-Ortiz, Ana; E, Cano (March 17, 2022). "Bioclimate of Hebron city in Palestine". Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences. 63 (3). ISSN 2247-8310. Archived from the original on August 3, 2024. Retrieved August 3, 2024.

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Nabeel Abraham, What About The Victims? Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Lies of Our Times, May 1994, pp 3–6.

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Robinson & Smith 1856, p. 78:"'The Castle of St. Abraham' was the generic Crusader name for Hebron." Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1856). Biblical researches in Palestine, 1838–52. A journal of travels in the year 1838. Vol. 2. Boston: Crocker and Brewster. Archived from the original on January 22, 2020. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Robinson & Smith 1856, pp. 440–42, n.1. Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1856). Biblical researches in Palestine, 1838–52. A journal of travels in the year 1838. Vol. 2. Boston: Crocker and Brewster. Archived from the original on January 22, 2020. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Robinson & Smith 1856, p. 458. Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1856). Biblical researches in Palestine, 1838–52. A journal of travels in the year 1838. Vol. 2. Boston: Crocker and Brewster. Archived from the original on January 22, 2020. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Robinson & Smith 1856, p. 88. Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1856). Biblical researches in Palestine, 1838–52. A journal of travels in the year 1838. Vol. 2. Boston: Crocker and Brewster. Archived from the original on January 22, 2020. Retrieved July 26, 2011.

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"Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron". United Nations Information System on the Question of Palestine. January 17, 1997. Archived from the original on October 24, 2007.

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Adamczyk, Ed (July 7, 2017). "UNESCO declares Hebron, West Bank, a world heritage site". UPI. Retrieved July 7, 2017.

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/ˈhiːbrən, ˈhɛbrən, ˈhiːbrɒn, ˈhɛbrɒn/ HEE-brən, HEB-rən, HEE-bron, HEB-ron; Arabic: الخليل, romanized: al-Khalīl (pronunciation^ⓘ), or خَلِيل الرَّحْمَن, Khalīl al-Raḥmān;^[5] Hebrew: חֶבְרוֹן, romanized: Ḥeḇrōn (pronunciation^ⓘ).

wafa.ps (Global: 5,139^th place; English: 7,619^th place)

"مهرجان العنب في الخليل.. تقليد سنوي يعيد الحياة والبهجة لأسواق البلدة القديمة" [The Hebron Grape Festival: An annual tradition that brings life and joy back to the markets of the Old City]. WAFA (in Arabic). September 17, 2023. Retrieved December 8, 2025.

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Janine Zacharia (March 8, 2010). "Letter from the West Bank: In Hebron, renovation of holy site sets off strife". The Washington Post.

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"Hebron, West Bank, PS Climate Zone, Monthly Averages, Historical Weather Data". weatherandclimate.com. Retrieved August 3, 2024.

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Hasson 2016 Hasson, Nir (September 29, 2016). "Ancient Toilet Reveals the Unique Way the Israelites Fought Idol-worship". Haaretz. Archived from the original on September 28, 2016. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
Robinson & Smith 1856, p. 78:"'The Castle of St. Abraham' was the generic Crusader name for Hebron." Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1856). Biblical researches in Palestine, 1838–52. A journal of travels in the year 1838. Vol. 2. Boston: Crocker and Brewster. Archived from the original on January 22, 2020. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Robinson & Smith 1856, pp. 440–42, n.1. Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1856). Biblical researches in Palestine, 1838–52. A journal of travels in the year 1838. Vol. 2. Boston: Crocker and Brewster. Archived from the original on January 22, 2020. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Robinson & Smith 1856, p. 458. Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1856). Biblical researches in Palestine, 1838–52. A journal of travels in the year 1838. Vol. 2. Boston: Crocker and Brewster. Archived from the original on January 22, 2020. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Robinson & Smith 1856, p. 88. Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1856). Biblical researches in Palestine, 1838–52. A journal of travels in the year 1838. Vol. 2. Boston: Crocker and Brewster. Archived from the original on January 22, 2020. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Shragai 2008. Shragai, N. (September 23, 2008). "A window on the massacre". Haaretz. Archived from the original on October 28, 2008. Retrieved October 30, 2012.
Chaim Levinsohn (February 18, 2011). "Israel Supreme Court Rules Hebron Jews Can't Reclaim Lands Lost After 1948". Haaretz.
Tovah Lazaroff (May 17, 2006). "Hebron Jews' offspring divided over city's fate". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on August 16, 2011.
Shragai, Nadav (December 26, 2007). "80 years on, massacre victims' kin reclaims Hebron house". Haaretz. Archived from the original on February 16, 2008. Retrieved February 7, 2008.
Shargai, Nadav (September 26, 2007). "Gov't bans Hebron settlers from winterizing controversial house". Haaretz. Archived from the original on August 3, 2009. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
Katz, Yaakov; Lazaroff, Tovah. "Hebron settlers try to buy more homes". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on January 11, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
Shragai, Nadav; Zarchin, Tomer (November 17, 2008). "Settlers threaten 'Amona'-style riots over Hebron eviction". Haaretz. Archived from the original on May 22, 2009. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
Harel, Amos (November 20, 2008). "Hebron settler mob caught on video clashing with IDF troops". Haaretz. Archived from the original on April 20, 2010. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
"High alert in West Bank following Beit Hashalom evacuation". Archived September 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine The Jerusalem Post. December 4, 2008.
The Scotsman 2002. "Settlers' revenge leaves Hebron bleeding". The Scotsman. July 30, 2002. Archived from the original on October 21, 2007. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
Margot Dudkevitch (October 6, 2000). "IDF: Palestinians offer $2,000 for 'martyrs'". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on August 3, 2009.
Nabeel Abraham, What About The Victims? Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Lies of Our Times, May 1994, pp 3–6.
Commission of Inquiry 1994. Commission of Inquiry (June 26, 1994). "Commission of Inquiry into the massacre at the tomb of the Patriarchs in Hebron". MFA. Archived from the original on January 12, 2013. Retrieved August 1, 2012.
"Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron". United Nations Information System on the Question of Palestine. January 17, 1997. Archived from the original on October 24, 2007.
Harel 2002. Harel, A. (November 17, 2002). "The attack in Hebron was not a 'massacre'". Haaretz. Archived from the original on February 26, 2014. Retrieved September 17, 2011.
Two Norwegian observers killed near Hebron: Israeli TV Archived October 21, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, ABC News online, March 27, 2002.
Two TIPH members killed near Hebron, Temporary International Presence in the City of Hebron website, March 27, 2002.
"Israeli NGO issues damning report on situation in Hebron". ReliefWeb. Agence France-Presse. August 19, 2003. Archived from the original on October 21, 2007. Retrieved March 30, 2007.
David Shulman (March 22, 2013). "Hope in Hebron". New York Review of Books.
"Those who still live on Shuhada Street can't enter their own homes from the street. Some use the rooftops to go in and out, climbing from one roof to another before issuing into adjacent homes or alleys. Some have cut gaping holes in the walls connecting their homes to other (often deserted) houses and thus pass through these buildings until they can exit into a lane outside or up a flight of stairs to a passageway on top of the old casba market. According to a survey conducted by the human-rights organization B'Tselem in 2007, 42 percent of the Palestinian population in the city center of Hebron (area H2)—some 1,014 families—have abandoned their homes and moved out, most of them to area H1, now under Palestinian control."
"Mounting Human Rights Crisis in Hebron". Archived from the original on November 15, 2008. Retrieved March 29, 2010.
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Ighbareyeh, Jehad M. H.; Cano-Ortiz, Ana; E, Cano (March 17, 2022). "Bioclimate of Hebron city in Palestine". Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences. 63 (3). ISSN 2247-8310. Archived from the original on August 3, 2024. Retrieved August 3, 2024.
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Hebron (English Wikipedia)

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