Aelian; Scholfield, A.F., trans. (1959) On the Characteristics of Animals [Latin: De Natura Animalium], vol. 2 (in Greek and English), London, England: William Heinemann Ltd. Book 11, Chapter 19, pp. 384–387.
The 1817 earthquake at Aigio (then called Vostitza) and its effects are recounted in:
Leake, William Martin (1830). Travels in the Morea. Vol. 3. London, England: John Murray. p. 402n.
Schmidt, Johann Friedrich Julius (1879). Studien über Erdbeben [Studies of Earthquakes] (in German) (2nd ed.). Leipzig, Germany: Alwin Georgi. pp. 71–72. About the 1861 earthquake, see: "13) 1861 December 26. Das Erdbeben von Aigion (Vostizza)" [13) 1861 December 26. The earthquake of Aigio (Vostitsa)], pp. 68–83. From pp. 71–72: "Das Epizentrum setze ich in den Korinthischen Golf, zwischen Aigion und Itea in 22° 20' Ost von Greenwich und +38° 13' Breite. Als Helike und Bura untergingen, lag dieser Punkt wahrscheinlich östlicher und etwas südlicher; … " (I place the epicenter in the Corinthian Gulf, between Aigio and Itea at 22° 20' east of Greenwich and 38° 13' north latitude. When Helike and Bura were destroyed, this point probably lay more eastwards and somewhat more southwards; … )
Alvarez-Zarikian, Carlos A.; Soter, Steven; Katsonopoulou, Dora (2008). "Recurrent Submergence and Uplift in the Area of Ancient Helike, Gulf of Corinth, Greece: Microfaunal and Archaeological Evidence". Journal of Coastal Research. 24 (1): 110–125. doi:10.2112/05-0454.1. S2CID140202998.
Soter, S.; Katsonopoulou, D. (2011). "Submergence and uplift of settlements in the area of Helike, Greece, from the Early Bronze Age to late antiquity". Geoarchaeology. 26 (4): 584. Bibcode:2011Gearc..26..584S. doi:10.1002/gea.20366. S2CID128735942.
Soter, S.; Katsonopoulou, D. (2011). "Submergence and uplift of settlements in the area of Helike, Greece, from the Early Bronze Age to late antiquity". Geoarchaeology. 26 (4): 584. Bibcode:2011Gearc..26..584S. doi:10.1002/gea.20366. S2CID128735942.
Publius Ovidius Naso; Orger, Thomas, trans. (1814) Ovid's Metamorphoses. London, England: (Self-published) Book 15, lines 293–295, p. 315. From p. 315: "For Helicé or Buris should you seek, Achaïan towns, / o'erwhelmed beneath the waves / You'll find them: boatmen oft are wont to shew / The tottering cities, and their walls immers'd." (Latin: "Si quæras Helicen et Burin Achaïdas urbes, / Invenies sub aquis: et adhuc ostendere nautæ / Inclinata solent cum mœnibus oppida mersis.")
Pouqueville, F.-C.-H.-L. (1826). Voyage en Grèce (in French). Vol. 4 (2nd ed.). Paris, France: Firmin Didot. pp. 414, 418–419. Pouqueville's guides assured him that they had seen the ruins of Helike and that they could show the ruins to him. However, as Pouqueville neared the supposed site of the ruins, his guides' assurances dwindled. From p. 418: "On m'avait promis de me montrer les ruines d'Hélice; mes guides les connaissaient; il[s] les avaient vues de leurs yeux; vingt personnes m'avaient attesté ce qu'ils affirmaient (5); le Neptune en bronze resté sur son piédestal était la ruine de pécheurs, il déchirait leurs filets; on apercevait les restes des monuments ensevelis sous les eaux. Cependant l'assurance de nos gens diminuait à mesure que nous approchions du terrain, … " (I had been promised to be shown the ruins of Helike; my guides knew them [i.e., the ruins]; they had had seen them with their own eyes; twenty people had attested what they claimed (5); the bronze [statue of] Neptune [which] remained on its pedestal was the ruin of fishermen, it tore apart their nets; the remains of monuments could be seen entombed beneath the waters. However, these people's certainty diminished as we approached the site, … ) Pouqueville finally concluded that the tales of the underwater ruins of Helike were merely fantasies (from p. 419: " … [l]eurs traditions étaient de pures chimères.")
helike.org
Katsonopoulou, Dora; Soter, Steven (January 2005). "Discoveries at Ancient Helike". Helike Foundation. Retrieved August 4, 2013.
Alvarez-Zarikian, Carlos A.; Soter, Steven; Katsonopoulou, Dora (2008). "Recurrent Submergence and Uplift in the Area of Ancient Helike, Gulf of Corinth, Greece: Microfaunal and Archaeological Evidence". Journal of Coastal Research. 24 (1): 110–125. doi:10.2112/05-0454.1. S2CID140202998.
Soter, S.; Katsonopoulou, D. (2011). "Submergence and uplift of settlements in the area of Helike, Greece, from the Early Bronze Age to late antiquity". Geoarchaeology. 26 (4): 584. Bibcode:2011Gearc..26..584S. doi:10.1002/gea.20366. S2CID128735942.
