Hepatitis B vaccine (English Wikipedia)

Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (2006). "Chapter 12 Immunisation of healthcare and laboratory staff—Hepatitis B". Immunisation Against Infectious Disease 2006 ("The Green Book") (3rd ed.). Edinburgh: Stationery Office. p. 468. ISBN 978-0-11-322528-6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2008.
Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (2006). "Chapter 18: Hepatitis B". Immunisation Against Infectious Disease 2006 ("The Green Book") (3rd edition (Chapter 18 revised 10 October 2007) ed.). Edinburgh: Stationery Office. p. 468. ISBN 978-0-11-322528-6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2013.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Chen W, Gluud C (October 2005). "Vaccines for preventing hepatitis B in health-care workers". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4) CD000100. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000100.pub3. PMID 16235273.
World Health Organization (2025). The selection and use of essential medicines, 2025: WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 24th list. Geneva: World Health Organization. doi:10.2471/B09474. hdl:10665/382243. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Tulchinsky TH (2018). "Maurice Hilleman: Creator of Vaccines That Changed the World". Case Studies in Public Health: 443–470. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-804571-8.00003-2. ISBN 978-0-12-804571-8. PMC 7150172.
Oransky I (14 May 2005). "Maurice R. Hilleman". Lancet. 365 (9472): 1682. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66536-1. PMID 15912596. S2CID 46630955.
COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES, COMMITTEE ON FETUS AND NEWBORN (September 2017). "Elimination of Perinatal Hepatitis B: Providing the First Vaccine Dose Within 24 Hours of Birth". Pediatrics. 140 (3) e20171870. doi:10.1542/peds.2017-1870. PMID 28847980.
Chang MH, Chen CJ, Lai MS, Hsu HM, Wu TC, Kong MS, et al. (June 1997). "Universal hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in children. Taiwan Childhood Hepatoma Study Group". The New England Journal of Medicine. 336 (26): 1855–1859. doi:10.1056/NEJM199706263362602. PMID 9197213.
Bar-On ES, Goldberg E, Hellmann S, Leibovici L (April 2012). "Combined DTP-HBV-HIB vaccine versus separately administered DTP-HBV and HIB vaccines for primary prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae B (HIB)". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012 (4) CD005530. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005530.pub3. PMC 11440342. PMID 22513932.
Schillie S, Vellozzi C, Reingold A, Harris A, Haber P, Ward JW, et al. (January 2018). "Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices" (PDF). MMWR. Recommendations and Reports. 67 (1): 1–31. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr6701a1. PMC 5837403. PMID 29939980. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
Lee C, Gong Y, Brok J, Boxall EH, Gluud C (April 2006). "Hepatitis B immunisation for newborn infants of hepatitis B surface antigen-positive mothers". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2) CD004790. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004790.pub2. PMID 16625613.
Sangkomkamhang US, Lumbiganon P, Laopaiboon M (November 2014). "Hepatitis B vaccination during pregnancy for preventing infant infection". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014 (11) CD007879. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007879.pub3. PMC 7185858. PMID 25385500.
Eke AC, Eleje GU, Eke UA, Xia Y, Liu J (February 2017). "Hepatitis B immunoglobulin during pregnancy for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017 (2) CD008545. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008545.pub2. PMC 6464495. PMID 28188612.
Filippelli M, Lionetti E, Gennaro A, Lanzafame A, Arrigo T, Salpietro C, et al. (August 2014). "Hepatitis B vaccine by intradermal route in non responder patients: an update". World Journal of Gastroenterology (Review). 20 (30): 10383–10394. doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i30.10383. PMC 4130845. PMID 25132754.
Levitz RE, Cooper BW, Regan HC (February 1995). "Immunization with high-dose intradermal recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in healthcare workers who failed to respond to intramuscular vaccination". Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology. 16 (2): 88–91. doi:10.1086/647062. PMID 7759824.
Cardell K, Akerlind B, Sällberg M, Frydén A (August 2008). "Excellent response rate to a double dose of the combined hepatitis A and B vaccine in previous nonresponders to hepatitis B vaccine". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 198 (3): 299–304. doi:10.1086/589722. PMID 18544037.
Roome AJ, Walsh SJ, Cartter ML, Hadler JL (1993). "Hepatitis B vaccine responsiveness in Connecticut public safety personnel". JAMA. 270 (24): 2931–2934. doi:10.1001/jama.270.24.2931. PMID 8254852.
Rosman AS, Basu P, Galvin K, Lieber CS (September 1997). "Efficacy of a high and accelerated dose of hepatitis B vaccine in alcoholic patients: a randomized clinical trial". The American Journal of Medicine. 103 (3): 217–222. doi:10.1016/S0002-9343(97)00132-0. PMID 9316554.
Pasricha N, Datta U, Chawla Y, Singh S, Arora SK, Sud A, et al. (March 2006). "Immune responses in patients with HIV infection after vaccination with recombinant Hepatitis B virus vaccine". BMC Infectious Diseases. 6 65. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-6-65. PMC 1525180. PMID 16571140. Cold or Flu-like symptoms can develop after receiving the vaccine, but these are short-lived. As with any injection, the muscle can become tender around the injection point for some time afterward
Natukunda A, Zirimenya L, Nassuuna J, Nkurunungi G, Cose S, Elliott AM, et al. (September 2022). "The effect of helminth infection on vaccine responses in humans and animal models: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Parasite Immunology. 44 (9) e12939. doi:10.1111/pim.12939. PMC 9542036. PMID 35712983.
Petersen KM, Bulkow LR, McMahon BJ, Zanis C, Getty M, Peters H, et al. (July 2004). "Duration of hepatitis B immunity in low risk children receiving hepatitis B vaccinations from birth" (Free full text). The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 23 (7): 650–655. doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000130952.96259.fd. PMID 15247604. S2CID 10541868. Archived from the original on 5 June 2015.
Van Damme P, Van Herck K (March 2007). "A review of the long-term protection after hepatitis A and B vaccination". Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease. 5 (2): 79–84. doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2006.04.004. PMID 17298912.
Van Damme P (July 2016). "Long-term Protection After Hepatitis B Vaccine". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 214 (1): 1–3. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv750. PMID 26802140.
Gabbuti A, Romanò L, Blanc P, Meacci F, Amendola A, Mele A, et al. (April 2007). "Long-term immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccination in a cohort of Italian healthy adolescents". Vaccine. 25 (16): 3129–3132. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.01.045. PMID 17291637.
"Are booster immunisations needed for lifelong hepatitis B immunity? European Consensus Group on Hepatitis B Immunity". Lancet. 355 (9203): 561–565. February 2000. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(99)07239-6. PMID 10683019. S2CID 32401362.
Borgia G, Carleo MA, Gaeta GB, Gentile I (September 2012). "Hepatitis B in pregnancy". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 18 (34): 4677–4683. doi:10.3748/wjg.v18.i34.4677. PMC 3442205. PMID 23002336.
Martínez-Sernández V, Figueiras A (August 2013). "Central nervous system demyelinating diseases and recombinant hepatitis B vaccination: a critical systematic review of scientific production". Journal of Neurology. 260 (8): 1951–1959. doi:10.1007/s00415-012-6716-y. PMID 23086181. S2CID 20362426.
Mouchet J, Salvo F, Raschi E, Poluzzi E, Antonazzo IC, De Ponti F, et al. (March 2018). "Hepatitis B vaccination and the putative risk of central demyelinating diseases - A systematic review and meta-analysis". Vaccine. 36 (12): 1548–1555. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.02.036. PMID 29454521.
Hernán MA, Jick SS, Olek MJ, Jick H (September 2004). "Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine and the risk of multiple sclerosis: a prospective study". Neurology. 63 (5): 838–842. doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000138433.61870.82. PMID 15365133. S2CID 25309517.
Zuckerman JN (February 2006). "Protective efficacy, immunotherapeutic potential, and safety of hepatitis B vaccines". Journal of Medical Virology. 78 (2): 169–177. doi:10.1002/jmv.20524. PMID 16372285. S2CID 45526262.
Mikaeloff Y, Caridade G, Rossier M, Suissa S, Tardieu M (December 2007). "Hepatitis B vaccination and the risk of childhood-onset multiple sclerosis". Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 161 (12): 1176–1182. doi:10.1001/archpedi.161.12.1176. PMID 18056563.
Elwood JM, Ameratunga R (September 2018). "Autoimmune diseases after hepatitis B immunization in adults: Literature review and meta-analysis, with reference to 'autoimmune/autoinflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants' (ASIA)". Vaccine (Review). 36 (38): 5796–5802. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.074. PMID 30100071. S2CID 51967163.
Blumberg BS, Alter HJ, Visnich S (February 1965). "A "New" Antigen in Leukemia Sera". JAMA. 191 (7): 541–546. doi:10.1001/jama.1965.03080070025007. PMID 14239025.
Murthy N, Wodi AP, McNally V, Cineas S, Ault K (February 2023). "Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older - United States, 2023" (PDF). MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 72 (6): 141–144. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7206a2. PMC 9925137. PMID 36757861. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
Hawkins SS (November 2024). "Long-term Implications and Barriers to Use of the Hepatitis B Vaccine at Birth". Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing. 53 (6): 594–606. doi:10.1016/j.jogn.2024.09.008. PMID 39389550.

drugs.com (Global: 399^th place; English: 333^rd place)

"Hepatitis b adult vaccine Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings". Drugs.com. 27 April 2020. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
"Hepatitis B Vaccine Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. 1 September 2019. Archived from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2019.

europa.eu (Global: 68^th place; English: 117^th place)

ema.europa.eu

"Heplisav B EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 9 December 2020. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
"PreHevbri EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 22 February 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2023. Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
"Heplisav B: Pending EC decision". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 10 December 2020. Archived from the original on 11 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020. Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
"PreHevbri: Pending EC decision". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 25 February 2022. Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022. Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
"Vaxelis EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 19 February 2019. Archived from the original on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
"Fendrix EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 2 February 2005. Retrieved 27 December 2023.

ec.europa.eu

"Heplisav B Product information". Union Register of medicinal products. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
"PreHevbri Product information". Union Register of medicinal products. Retrieved 3 March 2023.

fda.gov (Global: 447^th place; English: 338^th place)

"Heplisav-B". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Archived from the original on 22 September 2019. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
"Recombivax HB". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 24 April 2019. Archived from the original on 11 February 2020. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
"Engerix-B". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 3 October 2019. Archived from the original on 11 February 2020. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
"PreHevbrio". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 13 December 2021. Archived from the original on 19 December 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
Dynavax Technologies Corp. "Heplisav-B [Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant), Adjuvanted] label" (PDF). U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2018. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
"Twinrix". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Archived from the original on 22 September 2019. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
"Pediarix". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Archived from the original on 22 September 2019. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
"Vaxelis". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). STN 125563. Archived from the original on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

"Hepatitis B vaccines: WHO position paper – July 2017" (PDF). Releve Epidemiologique Hebdomadaire. 92 (27): 369–392. July 2017. hdl:10665/255873. PMID 28685564.
World Health Organization (2025). The selection and use of essential medicines, 2025: WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 24th list. Geneva: World Health Organization. doi:10.2471/B09474. hdl:10665/382243. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

historyofvaccines.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Vaccine Development & Licensing Events". History of Vaccines. Archived from the original on 16 April 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2021.

immunize.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Ask the Experts: Hepatitis B". Immunize.org. Immunization Action Coalition. 26 May 2022. Archived from the original on 16 October 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.

medicines.org.uk (Global: 3,823^rd place; English: 2,387^th place)

"Engerix B SmPC". Datapharm. 24 April 2017. Archived from the original on 22 September 2019. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
"HBVaxPro SmPC". Datapharm. 12 March 2019. Archived from the original on 22 September 2019. Retrieved 22 September 2019.

medscape.com (Global: 719^th place; English: 636^th place)

Petersen KM, Bulkow LR, McMahon BJ, Zanis C, Getty M, Peters H, et al. (July 2004). "Duration of hepatitis B immunity in low risk children receiving hepatitis B vaccinations from birth" (Free full text). The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 23 (7): 650–655. doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000130952.96259.fd. PMID 15247604. S2CID 10541868. Archived from the original on 5 June 2015.

nasonline.org (Global: 3,325^th place; English: 2,396^th place)

"THE HEPATITIS B STORY" (PDF). National Academy of Sciences. February 2000. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 July 2021.

nationalarchives.gov.uk (Global: 744^th place; English: 547^th place)

webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk

Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (2006). "Chapter 12 Immunisation of healthcare and laboratory staff—Hepatitis B". Immunisation Against Infectious Disease 2006 ("The Green Book") (3rd ed.). Edinburgh: Stationery Office. p. 468. ISBN 978-0-11-322528-6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2008.
Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (2006). "Chapter 18: Hepatitis B". Immunisation Against Infectious Disease 2006 ("The Green Book") (3rd edition (Chapter 18 revised 10 October 2007) ed.). Edinburgh: Stationery Office. p. 468. ISBN 978-0-11-322528-6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2013.

nhs.uk (Global: 1,989^th place; English: 1,528^th place)

"Hepatitis B vaccine". National Health Service (England). 6 March 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2025.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

"Hepatitis B vaccines: WHO position paper – July 2017" (PDF). Releve Epidemiologique Hebdomadaire. 92 (27): 369–392. July 2017. hdl:10665/255873. PMID 28685564.
Chen W, Gluud C (October 2005). "Vaccines for preventing hepatitis B in health-care workers". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4) CD000100. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000100.pub3. PMID 16235273.
Oransky I (14 May 2005). "Maurice R. Hilleman". Lancet. 365 (9472): 1682. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66536-1. PMID 15912596. S2CID 46630955.
COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES, COMMITTEE ON FETUS AND NEWBORN (September 2017). "Elimination of Perinatal Hepatitis B: Providing the First Vaccine Dose Within 24 Hours of Birth". Pediatrics. 140 (3) e20171870. doi:10.1542/peds.2017-1870. PMID 28847980.
Chang MH, Chen CJ, Lai MS, Hsu HM, Wu TC, Kong MS, et al. (June 1997). "Universal hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in children. Taiwan Childhood Hepatoma Study Group". The New England Journal of Medicine. 336 (26): 1855–1859. doi:10.1056/NEJM199706263362602. PMID 9197213.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (December 2011). "Use of hepatitis B vaccination for adults with diabetes mellitus: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)" (PDF). MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 60 (50): 1709–1711. PMID 22189894. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
Bar-On ES, Goldberg E, Hellmann S, Leibovici L (April 2012). "Combined DTP-HBV-HIB vaccine versus separately administered DTP-HBV and HIB vaccines for primary prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae B (HIB)". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012 (4) CD005530. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005530.pub3. PMC 11440342. PMID 22513932.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (March 2003). "FDA licensure of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis adsorbed, hepatitis B (recombinant), and poliovirus vaccine combined, (PEDIARIX) for use in infants". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 52 (10): 203–204. PMID 12653460.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (October 2008). "Licensure of a diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis adsorbed and inactivated poliovirus vaccine and guidance for use as a booster dose" (PDF). MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 57 (39): 1078–1079. PMID 18830212. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 May 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
Schillie S, Vellozzi C, Reingold A, Harris A, Haber P, Ward JW, et al. (January 2018). "Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices" (PDF). MMWR. Recommendations and Reports. 67 (1): 1–31. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr6701a1. PMC 5837403. PMID 29939980. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
Lee C, Gong Y, Brok J, Boxall EH, Gluud C (April 2006). "Hepatitis B immunisation for newborn infants of hepatitis B surface antigen-positive mothers". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2) CD004790. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004790.pub2. PMID 16625613.
Sangkomkamhang US, Lumbiganon P, Laopaiboon M (November 2014). "Hepatitis B vaccination during pregnancy for preventing infant infection". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014 (11) CD007879. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007879.pub3. PMC 7185858. PMID 25385500.
Eke AC, Eleje GU, Eke UA, Xia Y, Liu J (February 2017). "Hepatitis B immunoglobulin during pregnancy for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017 (2) CD008545. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008545.pub2. PMC 6464495. PMID 28188612.
Filippelli M, Lionetti E, Gennaro A, Lanzafame A, Arrigo T, Salpietro C, et al. (August 2014). "Hepatitis B vaccine by intradermal route in non responder patients: an update". World Journal of Gastroenterology (Review). 20 (30): 10383–10394. doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i30.10383. PMC 4130845. PMID 25132754.
Levitz RE, Cooper BW, Regan HC (February 1995). "Immunization with high-dose intradermal recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in healthcare workers who failed to respond to intramuscular vaccination". Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology. 16 (2): 88–91. doi:10.1086/647062. PMID 7759824.
Cardell K, Akerlind B, Sällberg M, Frydén A (August 2008). "Excellent response rate to a double dose of the combined hepatitis A and B vaccine in previous nonresponders to hepatitis B vaccine". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 198 (3): 299–304. doi:10.1086/589722. PMID 18544037.
Roome AJ, Walsh SJ, Cartter ML, Hadler JL (1993). "Hepatitis B vaccine responsiveness in Connecticut public safety personnel". JAMA. 270 (24): 2931–2934. doi:10.1001/jama.270.24.2931. PMID 8254852.
Rosman AS, Basu P, Galvin K, Lieber CS (September 1997). "Efficacy of a high and accelerated dose of hepatitis B vaccine in alcoholic patients: a randomized clinical trial". The American Journal of Medicine. 103 (3): 217–222. doi:10.1016/S0002-9343(97)00132-0. PMID 9316554.
Pasricha N, Datta U, Chawla Y, Singh S, Arora SK, Sud A, et al. (March 2006). "Immune responses in patients with HIV infection after vaccination with recombinant Hepatitis B virus vaccine". BMC Infectious Diseases. 6 65. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-6-65. PMC 1525180. PMID 16571140. Cold or Flu-like symptoms can develop after receiving the vaccine, but these are short-lived. As with any injection, the muscle can become tender around the injection point for some time afterward
Natukunda A, Zirimenya L, Nassuuna J, Nkurunungi G, Cose S, Elliott AM, et al. (September 2022). "The effect of helminth infection on vaccine responses in humans and animal models: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Parasite Immunology. 44 (9) e12939. doi:10.1111/pim.12939. PMC 9542036. PMID 35712983.
Krugman S, Davidson M (1987). "Hepatitis B vaccine: prospects for duration of immunity". The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. 60 (4): 333–339. PMC 2590237. PMID 3660859.
Petersen KM, Bulkow LR, McMahon BJ, Zanis C, Getty M, Peters H, et al. (July 2004). "Duration of hepatitis B immunity in low risk children receiving hepatitis B vaccinations from birth" (Free full text). The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 23 (7): 650–655. doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000130952.96259.fd. PMID 15247604. S2CID 10541868. Archived from the original on 5 June 2015.
Van Damme P, Van Herck K (March 2007). "A review of the long-term protection after hepatitis A and B vaccination". Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease. 5 (2): 79–84. doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2006.04.004. PMID 17298912.
Van Damme P (July 2016). "Long-term Protection After Hepatitis B Vaccine". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 214 (1): 1–3. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv750. PMID 26802140.
Gabbuti A, Romanò L, Blanc P, Meacci F, Amendola A, Mele A, et al. (April 2007). "Long-term immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccination in a cohort of Italian healthy adolescents". Vaccine. 25 (16): 3129–3132. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.01.045. PMID 17291637.
"Are booster immunisations needed for lifelong hepatitis B immunity? European Consensus Group on Hepatitis B Immunity". Lancet. 355 (9203): 561–565. February 2000. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(99)07239-6. PMID 10683019. S2CID 32401362.
Borgia G, Carleo MA, Gaeta GB, Gentile I (September 2012). "Hepatitis B in pregnancy". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 18 (34): 4677–4683. doi:10.3748/wjg.v18.i34.4677. PMC 3442205. PMID 23002336.
Martínez-Sernández V, Figueiras A (August 2013). "Central nervous system demyelinating diseases and recombinant hepatitis B vaccination: a critical systematic review of scientific production". Journal of Neurology. 260 (8): 1951–1959. doi:10.1007/s00415-012-6716-y. PMID 23086181. S2CID 20362426.
Mouchet J, Salvo F, Raschi E, Poluzzi E, Antonazzo IC, De Ponti F, et al. (March 2018). "Hepatitis B vaccination and the putative risk of central demyelinating diseases - A systematic review and meta-analysis". Vaccine. 36 (12): 1548–1555. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.02.036. PMID 29454521.
Hernán MA, Jick SS, Olek MJ, Jick H (September 2004). "Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine and the risk of multiple sclerosis: a prospective study". Neurology. 63 (5): 838–842. doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000138433.61870.82. PMID 15365133. S2CID 25309517.
Zuckerman JN (February 2006). "Protective efficacy, immunotherapeutic potential, and safety of hepatitis B vaccines". Journal of Medical Virology. 78 (2): 169–177. doi:10.1002/jmv.20524. PMID 16372285. S2CID 45526262.
Mikaeloff Y, Caridade G, Rossier M, Suissa S, Tardieu M (December 2007). "Hepatitis B vaccination and the risk of childhood-onset multiple sclerosis". Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 161 (12): 1176–1182. doi:10.1001/archpedi.161.12.1176. PMID 18056563.
Elwood JM, Ameratunga R (September 2018). "Autoimmune diseases after hepatitis B immunization in adults: Literature review and meta-analysis, with reference to 'autoimmune/autoinflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants' (ASIA)". Vaccine (Review). 36 (38): 5796–5802. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.074. PMID 30100071. S2CID 51967163.
Blumberg BS, Alter HJ, Visnich S (February 1965). "A "New" Antigen in Leukemia Sera". JAMA. 191 (7): 541–546. doi:10.1001/jama.1965.03080070025007. PMID 14239025.
Murthy N, Wodi AP, McNally V, Cineas S, Ault K (February 2023). "Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older - United States, 2023" (PDF). MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 72 (6): 141–144. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7206a2. PMC 9925137. PMID 36757861. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
"Hepatitis B virus: a comprehensive strategy for eliminating transmission in the United States through universal childhood vaccination. Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP)". MMWR. Recommendations and Reports. 40 (RR–13): 1–25. November 1991. PMID 1835756.
Hawkins SS (November 2024). "Long-term Implications and Barriers to Use of the Hepatitis B Vaccine at Birth". Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing. 53 (6): 594–606. doi:10.1016/j.jogn.2024.09.008. PMID 39389550.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Tulchinsky TH (2018). "Maurice Hilleman: Creator of Vaccines That Changed the World". Case Studies in Public Health: 443–470. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-804571-8.00003-2. ISBN 978-0-12-804571-8. PMC 7150172.
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