Hephthalites (English Wikipedia)

Bailey, H.W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 482
Enoki 1959. Enoki, K. (1959). "On the Nationality of Ephthalites". Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko (PDF). Vol. 18. Tokyo. pp. 1–58. Retrieved 1 April 2017.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Internet Archive copy
Enoki 1959, pp. 23–28. Enoki, K. (1959). "On the Nationality of Ephthalites". Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko (PDF). Vol. 18. Tokyo. pp. 1–58. Retrieved 1 April 2017.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Internet Archive copy
Enoki 1959, pp. 17–18. Enoki, K. (1959). "On the Nationality of Ephthalites". Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko (PDF). Vol. 18. Tokyo. pp. 1–58. Retrieved 1 April 2017.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Internet Archive copy
Enoki 1959, pp. 1–14. Enoki, K. (1959). "On the Nationality of Ephthalites". Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko (PDF). Vol. 18. Tokyo. pp. 1–58. Retrieved 1 April 2017.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Internet Archive copy
Härtel & Yaldiz 1982, pp. 55–56 and 74. Härtel, Herbert; Yaldiz, Marianne (1982). Laing, M. E. D. (ed.). Along the Ancient Silk Routes: Central Asian Art from the West Berlin State Museums. Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-0-87099-300-8. Internet Archive Google Books
Rowland 1974, p. 104. Rowland, Benjamin (1974). The Art of Central Asia. New York: Crown. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2020. Internet Archive
Härtel & Yaldiz 1982, pp. 74. Härtel, Herbert; Yaldiz, Marianne (1982). Laing, M. E. D. (ed.). Along the Ancient Silk Routes: Central Asian Art from the West Berlin State Museums. Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-0-87099-300-8. Internet Archive Google Books
Rowland 1974, p. 93. Rowland, Benjamin (1974). The Art of Central Asia. New York: Crown. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2020. Internet Archive
Gibb 1923, pp. 36–38. Gibb, H. A. R. (1923). The Arab Conquests in Central Asia. London: The Royal Asiatic Society. OCLC 499987512.
Upendra Thakur (1967). The Hūṇas in India. Chowkhamba Prakashan. pp. 52–55.

azargoshnasp.net

Enoki 1959. Enoki, K. (1959). "On the Nationality of Ephthalites". Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko (PDF). Vol. 18. Tokyo. pp. 1–58. Retrieved 1 April 2017.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Internet Archive copy
Enoki 1959, pp. 23–28. Enoki, K. (1959). "On the Nationality of Ephthalites". Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko (PDF). Vol. 18. Tokyo. pp. 1–58. Retrieved 1 April 2017.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Internet Archive copy
Enoki 1959, pp. 17–18. Enoki, K. (1959). "On the Nationality of Ephthalites". Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko (PDF). Vol. 18. Tokyo. pp. 1–58. Retrieved 1 April 2017.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Internet Archive copy
Enoki 1959, pp. 1–14. Enoki, K. (1959). "On the Nationality of Ephthalites". Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko (PDF). Vol. 18. Tokyo. pp. 1–58. Retrieved 1 April 2017.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Internet Archive copy

books.google.com

Similar crowns are known in other seals such as the seal of "Kedīr, the hazāruxt" ("Kedir the Chiliarch"), dated by Sims-Williams to the last quarter of the 5th century CE from the paleography of the inscription.^[31] Reference for the exact datation: Sundermann, Hintze & de Blois (2009), p. 218, note 14 Sundermann, Werner; Hintze, Almut; de Blois, François (2009). Exegisti Monumenta: Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-05937-4.
de la Vaissière (2012) pointed out that "[a] recently published seal gives the title of a fifth-century lord of Samarkand as 'king of the Oglar Huns.'"^[69] (βαγο ογλαρ(γ)ο – υονανο). See the seal and this reading of the inscription in Hans Bakker (2020: 13, note 17), referencing from Sim-Williams (2011: 72-74).^[70] "Oglar" is thought to derive from the Turk oǧul-lar > oǧlar "sons; princes" plus an Iranian adjective suffix -g.^[71] Alternatively, and less likely, "Oglarg" could correspond to "Walkon", and thus the Alchon Huns, although the seal is closer to Kidarites coin types.^[71] Another seal found in the Kashmir reads "ολαρ(γ)ο" (seal AA2.3).^[70] The Kashmir seal was published by Grenet, ur Rahman, and Sims-Williams (2006:125-127) who compared ολαργο Ularg on the seal to the ethnonym οιλαργανο "people of Wilarg" attested in a Bactrian document written in 629 CE.^[72] The style of the sealings is related to the Kidarites, and the title "Kushanshah" is known to have disappeared with the Kidarites.^[73] de la Vaissière, Etienne (2012). "5: Central Asia and the Silk Road". In S. F. Johnson (ed.). Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity. Oxford University Press. pp. 142–169. ISBN 978-0-19-533693-1.
The war is variously dated: 560–565 (Gumilyov, 1967); 555 (Stark, 2008, Altturkenzeit, 210); 557 (Iranica, "Khosrow II"); 558–561 (Bivar, "Hephthalites"); 557–563 (Baumer 2018, p. 174); 557–561 (Sinor 1990, p. 301); 560–563 (Litvinsky 1996, p. 143); 562–565 (Christian 1998, p. 252); c. 565 (Grousset 1970, p. 82); 567 (Chavannes, 1903, Documents, 236 and 229) Baumer, Christoph (18 April 2018). The History of Central Asia. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-83860-868-2.. 4-volume set. Litvinsky, B.A. "The Hephthalite Empire". In Litvinsky, Guang-da & Samghabadi (1996), pp. 135–162.
Benjamin, Craig (16 April 2015). The Cambridge World History: Volume 4, A World with States, Empires and Networks 1200 BCE–900 CE. Cambridge University Press. p. 484. ISBN 978-1-316-29830-5.
Nicholson, Oliver (19 April 2018). The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity. Oxford University Press. p. 708. ISBN 978-0-19-256246-3.
Southern, Mark R. V. (2005). Contagious Couplings: Transmission of Expressives in Yiddish Echo Phrases. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 46. ISBN 9780275980870.
Dani, Litvinsky & Zamir Safi 1996, p. 177. Dani, A.H.; Litvinsky, B.A.; Zamir Safi, M.H. "Eastern Kushans, Kidarites in Gandhara and Kashmir, and Later Hephthalites". In Litvinsky, Guang-da & Samghabadi (1996), pp. 163–184.
Dignas, Beate; Winter, Engelbert (2007). Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity: Neighbours and Rivals. Cambridge University Press. p. 97. ISBN 978-0-521-84925-8.
Goldsworthy, Adrian (2009). The Fall of the West: The Death Of The Roman Superpower. Orion. ISBN 978-0-297-85760-0.
Maas 2015, p. 287 Maas, Michael (2015). The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Attila. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-02175-4.
Rezakhani 2017, p. 213. Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-1-4744-0030-5.
Rezakhani 2017, p. 217. Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-1-4744-0030-5.
Whitfield, Susan (2018). Silk, Slaves, and Stupas: Material Culture of the Silk Road. University of California Press. p. 185. ISBN 978-0-520-95766-4.
Rezakhani 2017, p. 214. Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-1-4744-0030-5.
Translations of Nicholas Sims-Williams, quoted in Solovev, Sergej (20 January 2020). Attila Kagan of the Huns from the kind of Velsung. Litres. p. 313. ISBN 978-5-04-227693-4.
Rezakhani 2017, p. 135. Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-1-4744-0030-5.
Balogh 2020, pp. 44–47. Balogh, Dániel (12 March 2020). Hunnic Peoples in Central and South Asia: Sources for their Origin and History. Barkhuis. ISBN 978-94-93194-01-4.
Dinesh Prasad Saklani (1998). Ancient Communities of the Himalaya. Indus Publishing. p. 187. ISBN 978-81-7387-090-3.
Dani, Litvinsky & Zamir Safi 1996, p. 169. Dani, A.H.; Litvinsky, B.A.; Zamir Safi, M.H. "Eastern Kushans, Kidarites in Gandhara and Kashmir, and Later Hephthalites". In Litvinsky, Guang-da & Samghabadi (1996), pp. 163–184.
Millward 2007, pp. 30–31. Millward, James A. (2007). Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-13924-3.
Dani, Litvinsky & Zamir Safi 1996, p. 183. Dani, A.H.; Litvinsky, B.A.; Zamir Safi, M.H. "Eastern Kushans, Kidarites in Gandhara and Kashmir, and Later Hephthalites". In Litvinsky, Guang-da & Samghabadi (1996), pp. 163–184.
Sinor, Denis (1990). "The establishment and dissolution of the Türk empire". The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, volume 1. Cambridge University Press. p. 300. ISBN 978-0-521-24304-9. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
"Asia Major, volume 4, part 1". Institute of History and Philology of the Academia Sinica, University of Indiana. 1954. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
Adas, Michael (2001). Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History. Temple University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-56639-832-9.
Baumer 2018, pp. 97–99 Baumer, Christoph (18 April 2018). The History of Central Asia. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-83860-868-2.. 4-volume set.
Talbot, Tamara Abelson Rice (Mrs David (1965). Ancient arts of Central Asia. Thames and Hudson. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-19-520001-0.
Rezakhani 2017, p. 135. "The suggestion that the Hephthalites were originally of Turkic origin and only later adopted Bactrian as their administrative, and possibly native, language (de la Vaissière 2007: 122) seems to be most prominent at present." Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-1-4744-0030-5.
Frye 2002, p. 49. Frye, Richard N. (2002). "Pre-Islamic and early Islamic cultures". In Canfield, Robert L. (ed.). Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-52291-5.
Litvinsky 1996, pp. 138–154. Litvinsky, B.A. "The Hephthalite Empire". In Litvinsky, Guang-da & Samghabadi (1996), pp. 135–162.
Rezakhani 2017, p. 135. "The suggestion that the Hephthalites were originally of Turkic origin and only later adopted Bactrian as their administrative, and possibly native, language (de la Vaissière 2007: 122) seems to be most prominent at present." Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-1-4744-0030-5.
de la Vaissière 2012, p. 146. de la Vaissière, Etienne (2012). "5: Central Asia and the Silk Road". In S. F. Johnson (ed.). Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity. Oxford University Press. pp. 142–169. ISBN 978-0-19-533693-1.
Bakker, Hans T. (12 March 2020). The Alkhan: A Hunnic People in South Asia. Barkhuis. p. 13, note 17. ISBN 978-94-93194-00-7.
Higham, Charles (14 May 2014). Encyclopedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations. Infobase Publishing. pp. 141–142. ISBN 978-1-4381-0996-1.
Azarpay, Guitty; Belenickij, Aleksandr M.; Maršak, Boris Il'ič; Dresden, Mark J. (1981). Sogdian Painting: The Pictorial Epic in Oriental Art. University of California Press. pp. 92–93. ISBN 978-0-520-03765-6.
de la Vaissière 2012, pp. 144–155. "The Huns are beyond doubt the political and ethnic inheritors of the old Xiongnu empire" de la Vaissière, Etienne (2012). "5: Central Asia and the Silk Road". In S. F. Johnson (ed.). Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity. Oxford University Press. pp. 142–169. ISBN 978-0-19-533693-1.
Cosmo, Nicola Di; Maas, Michael (26 April 2018). Empires and Exchanges in Eurasian Late Antiquity: Rome, China, Iran, and the Steppe, ca. 250–750. Cambridge University Press. pp. 196–197. ISBN 978-1-108-54810-6. In 2005, Étienne de la Vaissière, in a seminal article, used some new or little-known sources to argue that the Xiongnu had in fact called themselves "Huns," and that after the dissolution of their empire a considerable part of the northern Xiongnu remained in the Altai region. In the middle of the fourth century, two large groups of Huns departed from there, one southward to the lands north of Persia (Kidarites, Alkhan, Hephthalites) and the other one westward to Europe. Although based on limited sources, the contention that the imperial and post-imperial Xiongnu, the Hunnic dynasties north and east of the Sasanians, and the European Huns are directly linked is well argued.
de la Vaissière 2012, pp. 144–146. de la Vaissière, Etienne (2012). "5: Central Asia and the Silk Road". In S. F. Johnson (ed.). Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity. Oxford University Press. pp. 142–169. ISBN 978-0-19-533693-1.
Lomazoff, Amanda; Ralby, Aaron (August 2013). The Atlas of Military History. Simon and Schuster. p. 246. ISBN 978-1-60710-985-3.
Azarpay, Guitty; Belenickij, Aleksandr M.; Maršak, Boris Il'ič; Dresden, Mark J. (1981). Sogdian Painting: The Pictorial Epic in Oriental Art. University of California Press. pp. 92–93. ISBN 978-0-520-03765-6. ...would argue for their association with the artistic tradition of the Hepthalite ruling classes of Tukharistan, that survived the downfall of Hephthalite power in 557 AD.
Liu, Xinru (9 July 2010). The Silk Road in World History. Oxford University Press. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-19-979880-3.
Litvinsky 1996, p. 158. Litvinsky, B.A. "The Hephthalite Empire". In Litvinsky, Guang-da & Samghabadi (1996), pp. 135–162.
Balogh 2020, p. 46. Balogh, Dániel (12 March 2020). Hunnic Peoples in Central and South Asia: Sources for their Origin and History. Barkhuis. ISBN 978-94-93194-01-4.
Golden, P.B. (2006) "Some Thoughts on the Origins of the Turks and the Shaping of the Turkic Peoples" in Contact and exchange in the ancient world, ed. Victor H. Mair, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. p. 137-138 of 136-140
Margottini 2013, pp. 12–13 Margottini, Claudio (2013). After the Destruction of Giant Buddha Statues in Bamiyan (Afghanistan) in 2001: A UNESCO's Emergency Activity for the Recovering and Rehabilitation of Cliff and Niches. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-3-642-30051-6.
Sundermann, Hintze & de Blois 2009, p. 216, note 5. Sundermann, Werner; Hintze, Almut; de Blois, François (2009). Exegisti Monumenta: Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-05937-4.
Potts, Daniel T. (2014). Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. p. 137. ISBN 978-0-19-933079-9.
Chegini & Nikitin 1996, pp. 38ff Chegini, N.N.; Nikitin, A.V. "Sasanian Iran – Economy, Society, Arts and Crafts". In Litvinsky, Guang-da & Samghabadi (1996), pp. 35–78.
Rezakhani 2017, pp. 125–156. Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-1-4744-0030-5.
Zeimal 1996, p. 130. Zeimal, E.V. "The Kidarite kingdom in Central Asia". In Litvinsky, Guang-da & Samghabadi (1996), pp. 119–134.
Rezakhani 2017, pp. 140–141. Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-1-4744-0030-5.
Rezakhani 2017, pp. 120–122. Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-1-4744-0030-5.
Rezakhani 2017, p. 126. Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-1-4744-0030-5.
Solovyov, Sergei (2020). Attila Kagan of the Huns from the kind of Velsung. Litres. p. 313. ISBN 978-5-04-227693-4.
de la Vaissière 2012, pp. 144–160. "Sogdiana under its nomadic elites became the principal center of agricultural wealth and population in Central Asia." and paragraph on "The Shift of the Trade Routes" de la Vaissière, Etienne (2012). "5: Central Asia and the Silk Road". In S. F. Johnson (ed.). Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity. Oxford University Press. pp. 142–169. ISBN 978-0-19-533693-1.
Millward, James A. (2013). The Silk Road: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press USA. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-19-978286-4.
Rezakhani 2017, p. 138. Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-1-4744-0030-5.
Härtel & Yaldiz 1982, pp. 55–56 and 74. Härtel, Herbert; Yaldiz, Marianne (1982). Laing, M. E. D. (ed.). Along the Ancient Silk Routes: Central Asian Art from the West Berlin State Museums. Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-0-87099-300-8. Internet Archive Google Books
Härtel & Yaldiz 1982, pp. 74. Härtel, Herbert; Yaldiz, Marianne (1982). Laing, M. E. D. (ed.). Along the Ancient Silk Routes: Central Asian Art from the West Berlin State Museums. Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-0-87099-300-8. Internet Archive Google Books
Kausch, Anke (2001). Seidenstrasse: von China durch die WŸsten Gobi und Taklamakan Ÿber den Karakorum Highway nach Pakistan (in German). DuMont Reiseverlag. p. 258. ISBN 978-3-7701-5243-8.
Millward 2007, p. 38. Millward, James A. (2007). Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-13924-3.
Whitfield, Susan (13 March 2018). Silk, Slaves, and Stupas: Material Culture of the Silk Road. Univ of California Press. pp. 201–202. ISBN 978-0-520-95766-4.
Millward 2007, p. 375. Millward, James A. (2007). Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-13924-3.
Adams, Douglas Q. (2013). A Dictionary of Tocharian B.: Revised and Greatly Enlarged. Rodopi. p. 261, "Ksum" entry. ISBN 978-94-012-0936-6.
Balogh 2020, p. 88, I.072. Balogh, Dániel (12 March 2020). Hunnic Peoples in Central and South Asia: Sources for their Origin and History. Barkhuis. ISBN 978-94-93194-01-4.
Balogh 2020, pp. 51–52, I.032. Balogh, Dániel (12 March 2020). Hunnic Peoples in Central and South Asia: Sources for their Origin and History. Barkhuis. ISBN 978-94-93194-01-4.
Balogh 2020, p. 52. "Growing more and more powerful in the course of time, the Hua succeeded in conquering the neighbouring countries such as Bosi (Sasanid Persia), Panpan (Tashkurgan?), Jibin (Kashmir), Wuchang (Uddiyana or Khorasan), Qiuci (Kucha), Shule (Kashgar), Yutian (Khotan) and Goupan (Karghalik), and expanded their territory by a thousand li" Balogh, Dániel (12 March 2020). Hunnic Peoples in Central and South Asia: Sources for their Origin and History. Barkhuis. ISBN 978-94-93194-01-4.
Balogh 2020, p. 47. "When the Suolu (Northern Wei) entered (the Chinese frontier) and settled in the (valley of the river) Sanggan (i.e. in the period 398–494 CE), the Hua was still a small country and under the rule of the Ruirui. In the Qi period (479–502 CE), they left (their original area) for the first time and shifted to Moxian (possibly Samarkand), where they settled." Balogh, Dániel (12 March 2020). Hunnic Peoples in Central and South Asia: Sources for their Origin and History. Barkhuis. ISBN 978-94-93194-01-4.
Balogh 2020, pp. 88–89, I.072/A (Liangshu), I.072/B (Liang zhigongtu) Balogh, Dániel (12 March 2020). Hunnic Peoples in Central and South Asia: Sources for their Origin and History. Barkhuis. ISBN 978-94-93194-01-4.
Lung, Rachel (2011). Interpreters in Early Imperial China. John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 29, n.14, 99. ISBN 978-90-272-2444-6.
Balogh 2020, p. 73 Balogh, Dániel (12 March 2020). Hunnic Peoples in Central and South Asia: Sources for their Origin and History. Barkhuis. ISBN 978-94-93194-01-4.
Margottini 2013, pp. 9–10 Margottini, Claudio (2013). After the Destruction of Giant Buddha Statues in Bamiyan (Afghanistan) in 2001: A UNESCO's Emergency Activity for the Recovering and Rehabilitation of Cliff and Niches. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-3-642-30051-6.
Nicholson, Oliver (19 April 2018). The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity. Oxford University Press. p. 708. ISBN 978-0-19-256246-3. The Bamiyan Buddhas dated from Hephthalite times
Baumer 2018, p. 99 Baumer, Christoph (18 April 2018). The History of Central Asia. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-83860-868-2.. 4-volume set.
Hyun Jin Kim (2015). The Huns. Routledge. p. 56. ISBN 9781317340911.
Neelis, Jason (19 November 2010). Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks: Mobility and Exchange Within and Beyond the Northwestern Borderlands of South Asia. BRILL. p. 170. ISBN 978-90-04-18159-5.
Margottini 2013, pp. 8–15 Margottini, Claudio (2013). After the Destruction of Giant Buddha Statues in Bamiyan (Afghanistan) in 2001: A UNESCO's Emergency Activity for the Recovering and Rehabilitation of Cliff and Niches. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-3-642-30051-6.
Azarpay, Guitty; Belenickij, Aleksandr M.; Maršak, Boris Il'ič; Dresden, Mark J. (1981). Sogdian Painting: The Pictorial Epic in Oriental Art. University of California Press. pp. 92–93. ISBN 978-0-520-03765-6. A striking parallel to the Balalyk tepe murals is offered by files of donors represented on the right and left walls of the vault of the 34 m Buddha at Bamiyan. (...) The remarkable overall stylistic and iconographic resemblance between the two sets of paintings would argue for their association with the artistic tradition of the Hephthalite ruling classes of Tukharestan that survived the downfall of Hephthalite power in A.D. 577
Maas 2015, p. 284. Maas, Michael (2015). The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Attila. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-02175-4.
Harmatta & Litvinsky 1996, p. 368 Harmatta, J.; Litvinsky, B.A. "Tokharistan and Gandhara Under Western Türk Rule (650–750)". In Litvinsky, Guang-da & Samghabadi (1996), pp. 368–422.
McNicoll, Anthony; Ball, Warwick (1996). Excavations at Kandahar 1974 and 1975: The First Two Seasons at Shahr-i Kohna (Old Kandahar) Conducted by the British Institute of Afghan Studies. British Archaeological Reports Limited. ISBN 978-0-86054-826-3. Along with other Central Asian nomadic nations, the Hephthalites practices kurghan burial, and extensive Hephthalite necropoli have been excavated in Afghanistan at Sadiqabad near Charikar and Shakh Tepe near Qunduz. A kurghan necropolis has also been recorded in the Bamiyan Valley which, by association with the Bamiyan monuments, might also be Hephthalite ( or Yabghu ) (Note 25 See Levi 1972 69-70. It is surprising that in view of the importance of these tumulus burials and their possible association with Hephthalites in the Bamiyan Valley - they have gone unremarked in all the main authorities on Bamiyan, e.g., Klimburg - Salter 1989).
Rezakhani 2017, p. 177. Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-1-4744-0030-5.
Baumer 2018, p. 243 Baumer, Christoph (18 April 2018). The History of Central Asia. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-83860-868-2.. 4-volume set.
Whitfield, Susan (2004). The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith. British Library. Serindia Publications, Inc. p. 110. ISBN 978-1-932476-13-2.
Kennedy 2007, pp. 243–254. Kennedy, Hugh (2007). The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-81740-3.
Shaban 1970, pp. 66–67. Shaban, M. A. (1970). The ʿAbbāsid Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29534-3.
Litvinsky 1996, pp. 139–140 Litvinsky, B.A. "The Hephthalite Empire". In Litvinsky, Guang-da & Samghabadi (1996), pp. 135–162.
Litvinsky 1996, pp. 144–147. Litvinsky, B.A. "The Hephthalite Empire". In Litvinsky, Guang-da & Samghabadi (1996), pp. 135–162.
Frye 2002, p. 49. "Just as later nomadic empires were confederations of many peoples, we may tentatively propose that the ruling groups of these invaders were, or at least included, Turkic-speaking tribesmen from the east and north, although most probably the bulk of the people in the confederation of Chionites and then Hephhtalites spoke an Iranian language. In this case, as normal, the nomads adopted the written language, institutions and culture of the settled folks." Frye, Richard N. (2002). "Pre-Islamic and early Islamic cultures". In Canfield, Robert L. (ed.). Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-52291-5.
Rezakhani 2017, pp. 105–124. Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-1-4744-0030-5.
Atreyi Biswas (1971). The Political History of the Hūṇas in India. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. ISBN 9780883863015.
West 2009, pp. 275–276. West, Barbara A. (2009). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4381-1913-7. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
Graff, David A. (10 March 2016). The Eurasian Way of War: Military Practice in Seventh-Century China and Byzantium. Routledge. pp. 139–149. ISBN 978-1-317-23709-9.
Fisher, William Bayne; Yarshater, Ehsan (1968). The Cambridge History of Iran. Cambridge University Press. p. 216. ISBN 978-0-521-20092-9.

brillonline.com

referenceworks.brillonline.com

Schottky, Martin (20 August 2020), "HUNS", Encyclopaedia Iranica Online, Brill, retrieved 5 October 2023

britishmuseum.org

"British Museum notice on Hephthalite troops". The British Museum.
"Stamp-seal; bezel British Museum". The British Museum.

chinaknowledge.de

Theobald, Ulrich (26 November 2011). "Yeda 嚈噠, Hephthalites or White Huns". ChinaKnowledge.de.
Theobald, Ulrich (23 October 2011). "The Western Territories (xiyu 西域)". ChinaKnowledge.de.

doi.org

Kageyama 2016, p. 200. Kageyama, Etsuko (2016). "Change of suspension systems of daggers and swords in eastern Eurasia: Its relation to the Hephthalite occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). ZINBUN. 46: 199–212. doi:10.14989/209942. S2CID 130594467.
Grenet, Frantz; ur Rahman, Aman; Sims-Williams, Nicholas (2006). "A Hunnish Kushanshah". Journal of Inner Asian Art and Archaeology. 1: 125–131. doi:10.1484/J.JIAAA.2.301930.
Grenet, Frantz (15 May 2004). "Tavka (k istorii drevnix tamožennyx sooruženij Uzbekistana). Taškent-Samarkand, Izd. A. Kadyri / Institut Arxeologii A.N. Uzb, 141 p., 68 ill. + 13 pl. couleurs h.-t. (Texte bilingue ouzbek-russe, résumé en anglais). [Tavka (contribution à l'histoire des anciens édifices frontaliers de l'Ouzbékistan)]". Abstracta Iranica (in French). 25. doi:10.4000/abstractairanica.4213. ISSN 0240-8910.
Rakhmanov, Shaymardankul A. (2016). "Wall Paintings from Tavka, Uzbekistan". Journal of Inner Asian Art and Archaeology. 7: 31–54. doi:10.1484/J.JIAAA.4.2017003. ISSN 1783-9025.
Kageyama 2016, p. 200. "Il’yasov's article references figurines wearing caftans with triangular-shaped collars on the right side. This is believed to be a style of garment that became popular in Central Asia under Hephthalite rule" Kageyama, Etsuko (2016). "Change of suspension systems of daggers and swords in eastern Eurasia: Its relation to the Hephthalite occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). ZINBUN. 46: 199–212. doi:10.14989/209942. S2CID 130594467.
Kageyama 2007, p. 12. Kageyama, Etsuko (2007). "The Winged Crown and the Triple-crescent Crown in the Sogdian Funerary Monuments from China: Their Relation to the Hephthalite Occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). Journal of Inner Asian Art and Archaeology. 2: 11–22. doi:10.1484/J.JIAAA.2.302540. S2CID 130640638. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 November 2020.
Kageyama 2016, p. 203. Kageyama, Etsuko (2016). "Change of suspension systems of daggers and swords in eastern Eurasia: Its relation to the Hephthalite occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). ZINBUN. 46: 199–212. doi:10.14989/209942. S2CID 130594467.
Fedorov, Michael (2007). "ON THE PORTRAITS OF THE SOGDIAN KINGS (IKHSHĪDS) OF SAMARQAND". Iran. 45: 155. doi:10.1080/05786967.2007.11864723. ISSN 0578-6967. JSTOR 25651416. S2CID 194538468.
Kageyama 2016, pp. 200–205. Kageyama, Etsuko (2016). "Change of suspension systems of daggers and swords in eastern Eurasia: Its relation to the Hephthalite occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). ZINBUN. 46: 199–212. doi:10.14989/209942. S2CID 130594467.
Kageyama 2016, p. 200. Kageyama quoting the research of S. Hiyama, "Study on the first-style murals of Kucha: analysis of some motifs related to the Hephthalite's period” Kageyama, Etsuko (2016). "Change of suspension systems of daggers and swords in eastern Eurasia: Its relation to the Hephthalite occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). ZINBUN. 46: 199–212. doi:10.14989/209942. S2CID 130594467.
Kageyama 2016, p. 209. Kageyama, Etsuko (2016). "Change of suspension systems of daggers and swords in eastern Eurasia: Its relation to the Hephthalite occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). ZINBUN. 46: 199–212. doi:10.14989/209942. S2CID 130594467.
Esin, E. (1977). "Tarkhan Nīzak or Tarkhan Tirek? An Enquiry concerning the Prince of Badhghīs Who in A. H. 91/A. D. 709–710 Opposed the 'Omayyad Conquest of Central Asia". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 97 (3): 330. doi:10.2307/600737. ISSN 0003-0279. JSTOR 600737.
Kageyama 2016, p. 200. "Its scabbard is beautifully decorated with cloisonné and has a trapezoidal shape that widens at the end. The same dagger style is found in Kazakhstan, and similar works also appear in paintings from Pendzhikent and Kizil as well as Sogdian funerary reliefs from Anyang19. These highly decorated works may be more elaborate versions of the dagger with two suspension mounts produced under Hephthalite influence." Kageyama, Etsuko (2016). "Change of suspension systems of daggers and swords in eastern Eurasia: Its relation to the Hephthalite occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). ZINBUN. 46: 199–212. doi:10.14989/209942. S2CID 130594467.
Kageyama 2007, p. 20, drawing e. The drawing referenced by Kageyama is located in Maršak, Boris (1990). "Les Fouilles de Pendjikent". Comptes Rendus des Séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. 134: 298. doi:10.3406/crai.1990.14842. Kageyama, Etsuko (2007). "The Winged Crown and the Triple-crescent Crown in the Sogdian Funerary Monuments from China: Their Relation to the Hephthalite Occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). Journal of Inner Asian Art and Archaeology. 2: 11–22. doi:10.1484/J.JIAAA.2.302540. S2CID 130640638. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 November 2020.
de la Vaissière, Étienne (2017). "Early Medieval Central Asian Population Estimates". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 60 (6): 788. doi:10.1163/15685209-12341438. ISSN 0022-4995.
Bakker, Hans T. (26 November 2016). Monuments of Hope, Gloom, and Glory in the Age of the Hunnic Wars: 50 years that changed India (484–534) (Speech). 24th Gonda Lecture. Amsterdam. doi:10.5281/zenodo.377032. Archived from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 8 July 2018.

guoxuemi.com

Du You, Tongdian "Vol. 193" folio 5b-6a

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Kuwayama, S. (2002). Across the Hindukush of the First Millennium. Institute for Research in Humanities, Kyoto University. p. 129. hdl:2433/120966.

icomos.de

Blänsdorf, Catharina; Nadeau, Marie-Josée; Grootes, Pieter M.; Hüls, Matthias; Pfeffer, Stephanie; Thiemann, Laura (2009). "Dating of the Buddha Statues – AMS ¹⁴
C
Dating of Organic Materials" (PDF). In Petzet, Michael (ed.). The Giant Buddhas of Bamiyan. Safeguarding the remains (PDF). Monuments and Sites. Vol. 19. Berlin: Bässler. p. 235, Table 4. ISBN 978-3-930388-55-4. Archived from the original on 4 February 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2020. Eastern Buddha: 549 AD – 579 AD (1 σ range, 68.2% probability) 544 AD – 595 AD (2 σ range, 95.4% probability). Western Buddha: 605 AD – 633 AD (1 σ range, 68.2%) 591 AD – 644 AD (2 σ range, 95.4% probability).

iranicaonline.org

The war is variously dated: 560–565 (Gumilyov, 1967); 555 (Stark, 2008, Altturkenzeit, 210); 557 (Iranica, "Khosrow II"); 558–561 (Bivar, "Hephthalites"); 557–563 (Baumer 2018, p. 174); 557–561 (Sinor 1990, p. 301); 560–563 (Litvinsky 1996, p. 143); 562–565 (Christian 1998, p. 252); c. 565 (Grousset 1970, p. 82); 567 (Chavannes, 1903, Documents, 236 and 229) Baumer, Christoph (18 April 2018). The History of Central Asia. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-83860-868-2.. 4-volume set. Litvinsky, B.A. "The Hephthalite Empire". In Litvinsky, Guang-da & Samghabadi (1996), pp. 135–162.
Bivar, A. D. H. "Hephthalites". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
Bernard, P. "DelbarjīnELBARJĪN". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
Frye, R. "CENTRAL ASIA iii. In Pre-Islamic Times". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
Schottky, M. "Iranian Huns". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
"CHINESE-IRANIAN RELATIONS xiv. E. Iranian Art". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
Grenet, F. "NĒZAK". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Citing Tangshu XLIII, B, pp. 6–9 and Chavannes, Documents, p. 69, n. 2{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
Bosworth, C.E. "BĀḎḠĪS". Encyclopaedia Iranica.

iranologie.com

Rezakhani, Khodadad (25 April 2014). "Hephthalites". Iranologie.com. Retrieved 5 October 2023.

jstor.org

Alram 2014, p. 279. Alram, Michael (2014). "From the Sasanians to the Huns New Numismatic Evidence from the Hindu Kush". The Numismatic Chronicle. 174: 261–291. ISSN 0078-2696. JSTOR 44710198.
Alram 2014, pp. 278–279. Alram, Michael (2014). "From the Sasanians to the Huns New Numismatic Evidence from the Hindu Kush". The Numismatic Chronicle. 174: 261–291. ISSN 0078-2696. JSTOR 44710198.
de la Vaissière 2003, pp. 119–137. de la Vaissière, Etienne (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 119–132. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049310.
de la Vaissière 2003, p. 122. de la Vaissière, Etienne (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 119–132. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049310.
de la Vaissière 2003, p. 121. de la Vaissière, Etienne (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 119–132. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049310.
de la Vaissière 2003, pp. 119–122, Annex 1. de la Vaissière, Etienne (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 119–132. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049310.
de la Vaissière 2003, pp. 120–121, Annex 1. de la Vaissière, Etienne (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 119–132. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049310.
de la Vaissière 2003, p. 123. de la Vaissière, Etienne (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 119–132. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049310.
de la Vaissière 2003, pp. 120–122. de la Vaissière, Etienne (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 119–132. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049310.
Zeimal 1994, p. 253. Zeimal, E.V. (1994). "The Circulation of Coins in Central Asia during the Early Medieval Period (Fifth–Eighth Centuries A.D.)". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 8: 245–267. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24048777.
de la Vaissière 2003, pp. 128–129 and note 35. de la Vaissière, Etienne (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 119–132. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049310.
Fedorov, Michael (2007). "ON THE PORTRAITS OF THE SOGDIAN KINGS (IKHSHĪDS) OF SAMARQAND". Iran. 45: 155. doi:10.1080/05786967.2007.11864723. ISSN 0578-6967. JSTOR 25651416. S2CID 194538468.
MUZIO, CIRO LO (2008). "Remarks on the Paintings from the Buddhist Monastery of Fayaz Tepe (Southern Uzbekistan)". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 22: 202, note 45. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049243.
de la Vaissière 2003, pp. 127–128. de la Vaissière, Etienne (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 119–132. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049310.
de la Vaissière 2003, p. 130, note 31. de la Vaissière, Etienne (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 119–132. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049310.
de la Vaissière 2003, p. 125. de la Vaissière, Etienne (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 119–132. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049310.
de la Vaissière 2003, p. 126. de la Vaissière, Etienne (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 119–132. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049310.
GRENET, FRANTZ; RIBOUD, PÉNÉLOPE (2003). "A Reflection of the Hephtalite Empire: The Biographical Narrative in the Reliefs of the Tomb of the Sabao Wirkak (494–579)". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 138. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049311.
Esin, E. (1977). "Tarkhan Nīzak or Tarkhan Tirek? An Enquiry concerning the Prince of Badhghīs Who in A. H. 91/A. D. 709–710 Opposed the 'Omayyad Conquest of Central Asia". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 97 (3): 330. doi:10.2307/600737. ISSN 0003-0279. JSTOR 600737.
Livshits, V. A. (2000). "Sogdian Sānak, a Manichaean Bishop of the 5th–Early 6th Centuries". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 14: 48. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049013.
de la Vaissière 2003, p. 129. de la Vaissière, Etienne (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 119–132. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049310.
ALRAM, MICHAEL (2014). "From the Sasanians to the Huns New Numismatic Evidence from the Hindu Kush". The Numismatic Chronicle. 174: 279. ISSN 0078-2696. JSTOR 44710198.

kyoto-u.ac.jp

repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Kageyama 2016, p. 200. Kageyama, Etsuko (2016). "Change of suspension systems of daggers and swords in eastern Eurasia: Its relation to the Hephthalite occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). ZINBUN. 46: 199–212. doi:10.14989/209942. S2CID 130594467.
Kageyama 2016, p. 200. "Il’yasov's article references figurines wearing caftans with triangular-shaped collars on the right side. This is believed to be a style of garment that became popular in Central Asia under Hephthalite rule" Kageyama, Etsuko (2016). "Change of suspension systems of daggers and swords in eastern Eurasia: Its relation to the Hephthalite occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). ZINBUN. 46: 199–212. doi:10.14989/209942. S2CID 130594467.
Kageyama 2016, p. 203. Kageyama, Etsuko (2016). "Change of suspension systems of daggers and swords in eastern Eurasia: Its relation to the Hephthalite occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). ZINBUN. 46: 199–212. doi:10.14989/209942. S2CID 130594467.
Kageyama 2016, pp. 200–205. Kageyama, Etsuko (2016). "Change of suspension systems of daggers and swords in eastern Eurasia: Its relation to the Hephthalite occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). ZINBUN. 46: 199–212. doi:10.14989/209942. S2CID 130594467.
Kageyama 2016, p. 200. Kageyama quoting the research of S. Hiyama, "Study on the first-style murals of Kucha: analysis of some motifs related to the Hephthalite's period” Kageyama, Etsuko (2016). "Change of suspension systems of daggers and swords in eastern Eurasia: Its relation to the Hephthalite occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). ZINBUN. 46: 199–212. doi:10.14989/209942. S2CID 130594467.
Kuwayama, S. (2002). Across the Hindukush of the First Millennium. Institute for Research in Humanities, Kyoto University. p. 129. hdl:2433/120966.
Kageyama 2016, p. 209. Kageyama, Etsuko (2016). "Change of suspension systems of daggers and swords in eastern Eurasia: Its relation to the Hephthalite occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). ZINBUN. 46: 199–212. doi:10.14989/209942. S2CID 130594467.
Kageyama 2016, p. 200. "Its scabbard is beautifully decorated with cloisonné and has a trapezoidal shape that widens at the end. The same dagger style is found in Kazakhstan, and similar works also appear in paintings from Pendzhikent and Kizil as well as Sogdian funerary reliefs from Anyang19. These highly decorated works may be more elaborate versions of the dagger with two suspension mounts produced under Hephthalite influence." Kageyama, Etsuko (2016). "Change of suspension systems of daggers and swords in eastern Eurasia: Its relation to the Hephthalite occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). ZINBUN. 46: 199–212. doi:10.14989/209942. S2CID 130594467.
Kagayama, Etsuko (2016). "Change of suspension systems of daggers and swords in eastern Eurasia: Its relation to the Hephthalite occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). Institute for Research in the Humanities Kyoto University. 46: 199–212 – via ZINBUN.

metmuseum.org

"Metropolitan Museum of Art (item 65.28a, b)". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
"Imported Luxuries and Exotic Imagery". The Metropolitan Museum of Art.

nahf.or.kr

contents.nahf.or.kr

"Afrosiab Wall Painting". NORTHEAST ASIAN HISTORY FOUNDATION.

oaji.net

Kurbanov 2014, p. 322. Kurbanov, Aydogdy (2014). "The Hephthalites: Iconographical Materials" (PDF). Tyragetia. 8 (1): 317–334.
Kurbanov 2014, p. 324. Kurbanov, Aydogdy (2014). "The Hephthalites: Iconographical Materials" (PDF). Tyragetia. 8 (1): 317–334.
Kurbanov 2014, p. 329. Kurbanov, Aydogdy (2014). "The Hephthalites: Iconographical Materials" (PDF). Tyragetia. 8 (1): 317–334.
Kurbanov 2013, p. 370. Kurbanov, Aydogdy (2013). "The Hephthalite Numismatics" (PDF). Tyragetia. 7 (1): 369–380.
Kurbanov 2014, pp. 329–330. Kurbanov, Aydogdy (2014). "The Hephthalites: Iconographical Materials" (PDF). Tyragetia. 8 (1): 317–334.
Kurbanov 2014, pp. 319–320, page 320 note 1, quoting Étienne de la Vaissière (2003) "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"", p. 129. Kurbanov, Aydogdy (2014). "The Hephthalites: Iconographical Materials" (PDF). Tyragetia. 8 (1): 317–334.

openedition.org

journals.openedition.org

Grenet, Frantz (15 May 2004). "Tavka (k istorii drevnix tamožennyx sooruženij Uzbekistana). Taškent-Samarkand, Izd. A. Kadyri / Institut Arxeologii A.N. Uzb, 141 p., 68 ill. + 13 pl. couleurs h.-t. (Texte bilingue ouzbek-russe, résumé en anglais). [Tavka (contribution à l'histoire des anciens édifices frontaliers de l'Ouzbékistan)]". Abstracta Iranica (in French). 25. doi:10.4000/abstractairanica.4213. ISSN 0240-8910.

persee.fr

Kageyama 2007, p. 20, drawing e. The drawing referenced by Kageyama is located in Maršak, Boris (1990). "Les Fouilles de Pendjikent". Comptes Rendus des Séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. 134: 298. doi:10.3406/crai.1990.14842. Kageyama, Etsuko (2007). "The Winged Crown and the Triple-crescent Crown in the Sogdian Funerary Monuments from China: Their Relation to the Hephthalite Occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). Journal of Inner Asian Art and Archaeology. 2: 11–22. doi:10.1484/J.JIAAA.2.302540. S2CID 130640638. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 November 2020.

podgorski.com

Kurbanov 2010, p. ^{[page needed]}. Kurbanov, Aydogdy (2010). The Hephthalites: Archaeological and Historical Analysis (PDF) (PhD). Berlin: Berlin Freie Universität. Retrieved 5 September 2012 – via Freie Universitat Berlin Repository.
Kurbanov 2010, p. 27. Kurbanov, Aydogdy (2010). The Hephthalites: Archaeological and Historical Analysis (PDF) (PhD). Berlin: Berlin Freie Universität. Retrieved 5 September 2012 – via Freie Universitat Berlin Repository.
Heidemann, Stefan (2015). "THe Hephthalite Drachms Minted in Balkh. A Hoard, A Sequence, And A New Reading" (PDF). The Numismatic Chronicle. 175: 340.
Kurbanov 2010, pp. 135–136. Kurbanov, Aydogdy (2010). The Hephthalites: Archaeological and Historical Analysis (PDF) (PhD). Berlin: Berlin Freie Universität. Retrieved 5 September 2012 – via Freie Universitat Berlin Repository.
Kurbanov 2010, p. 14. Kurbanov, Aydogdy (2010). The Hephthalites: Archaeological and Historical Analysis (PDF) (PhD). Berlin: Berlin Freie Universität. Retrieved 5 September 2012 – via Freie Universitat Berlin Repository.
Kurbanov 2010, p. 67. Kurbanov, Aydogdy (2010). The Hephthalites: Archaeological and Historical Analysis (PDF) (PhD). Berlin: Berlin Freie Universität. Retrieved 5 September 2012 – via Freie Universitat Berlin Repository.
Kurbanov 2010, pp. 2–32. Kurbanov, Aydogdy (2010). The Hephthalites: Archaeological and Historical Analysis (PDF) (PhD). Berlin: Berlin Freie Universität. Retrieved 5 September 2012 – via Freie Universitat Berlin Repository.
KURBANOV, AYDOGDY (2010). THE HEPHTHALITES: ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL ANALYSIS (PDF). Berlin: Department of History and Cultural Studies of the Free University. p. 39.
KURBANOV, AYDOGDY (2010). THE HEPHTHALITES: ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL ANALYSIS (PDF). Berlin: Department of History and Cultural Studies of the Free University. p. 39.
Kurbanov 2010, pp. 164, 167. Kurbanov, Aydogdy (2010). The Hephthalites: Archaeological and Historical Analysis (PDF) (PhD). Berlin: Berlin Freie Universität. Retrieved 5 September 2012 – via Freie Universitat Berlin Repository.
Grenet, Frantz; Riboud, Pénélope (2003). "A Reflection of the Hephthalite Empire: The Biographical Narra- tive in the Reliefs of the Tomb of the Sabao Wirkak (494-579)" (PDF). Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 138.
Kurbanov 2010, p. 67. "Seizing large areas, the Hephthalites met with various kinds of art and of course, to some extent, acted as intermediary in the transfer of artistic traditions of one nation to another. It is here, in the opinion of Albaum, that the similarity of some of the figures in paintings from Balalyk-tepe and those from Bamiyan must be sought, which then was part of the Hephthalite state. Such similarities are exemplified by the right side triangular lapel, hair accessories and some ornamental motifs." Kurbanov, Aydogdy (2010). The Hephthalites: Archaeological and Historical Analysis (PDF) (PhD). Berlin: Berlin Freie Universität. Retrieved 5 September 2012 – via Freie Universitat Berlin Repository.
Grenet, Frantz; Riboud, Pénélope (2003). "A Reflection of the Hephthalite Empire: The Biographical Narra- tive in the Reliefs of the Tomb of the Sabao Wirkak (494-579)" (PDF). Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 133–143.
Grenet, Frantz; Riboud, Pénélope (2003). "A Reflection of the Hephthalite Empire: The Biographical Narra- tive in the Reliefs of the Tomb of the Sabao Wirkak (494-579)" (PDF). Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 141–142.
Kurbanov 2010, p. 69, item 1. Kurbanov, Aydogdy (2010). The Hephthalites: Archaeological and Historical Analysis (PDF) (PhD). Berlin: Berlin Freie Universität. Retrieved 5 September 2012 – via Freie Universitat Berlin Repository.
Kurbanov 2010, p. 320. "A cornelian in the British museum, showing two facing busts with an inscription written in Ancient Sogdian of the period AD 300–350 and which was the seal of Indamīč, Queen of Začanta" Kurbanov, Aydogdy (2010). The Hephthalites: Archaeological and Historical Analysis (PDF) (PhD). Berlin: Berlin Freie Universität. Retrieved 5 September 2012 – via Freie Universitat Berlin Repository.
Kurbanov 2010, pp. 238–243. Kurbanov, Aydogdy (2010). The Hephthalites: Archaeological and Historical Analysis (PDF) (PhD). Berlin: Berlin Freie Universität. Retrieved 5 September 2012 – via Freie Universitat Berlin Repository.
Kurbanov 2010, pp. 241–242. Kurbanov, Aydogdy (2010). The Hephthalites: Archaeological and Historical Analysis (PDF) (PhD). Berlin: Berlin Freie Universität. Retrieved 5 September 2012 – via Freie Universitat Berlin Repository.

religiondocbox.com

Pei 裴, Chengguo 成国 (2017). "The Silk Road and the economy of Gaochang: evidence on the Circulation of silver coins". Silk Road. 15: 57, note 5.

researchgate.net

Skupniewicz, Patryk (2017). "Crowns, hats, turbans and helmets. The headgear: 'On the Helmet on the Capital at Ṭāq-e Bostān again'". In Maksymiuk, Katarzyna; Karamian, Gholamreza (eds.). Iranian history volume I: Pre-Islamic Period. Tehran: Publishing House of Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities. p. 221. ISBN 978-83-62447-19-0.
Compareti, Matteo (2008). "The Painting of the "Hunter-King" at Kakrak: Royal Figure or Divine Being?". Studio Editoriale Gordini: 133.

scribd.com

Rowland 1974, p. 104. Rowland, Benjamin (1974). The Art of Central Asia. New York: Crown. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2020. Internet Archive
Rowland 1974, p. 93. Rowland, Benjamin (1974). The Art of Central Asia. New York: Crown. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2020. Internet Archive

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Kageyama 2016, p. 200. Kageyama, Etsuko (2016). "Change of suspension systems of daggers and swords in eastern Eurasia: Its relation to the Hephthalite occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). ZINBUN. 46: 199–212. doi:10.14989/209942. S2CID 130594467.
Kageyama 2016, p. 200. "Il’yasov's article references figurines wearing caftans with triangular-shaped collars on the right side. This is believed to be a style of garment that became popular in Central Asia under Hephthalite rule" Kageyama, Etsuko (2016). "Change of suspension systems of daggers and swords in eastern Eurasia: Its relation to the Hephthalite occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). ZINBUN. 46: 199–212. doi:10.14989/209942. S2CID 130594467.
Kageyama 2007, p. 12. Kageyama, Etsuko (2007). "The Winged Crown and the Triple-crescent Crown in the Sogdian Funerary Monuments from China: Their Relation to the Hephthalite Occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). Journal of Inner Asian Art and Archaeology. 2: 11–22. doi:10.1484/J.JIAAA.2.302540. S2CID 130640638. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 November 2020.
Kageyama 2016, p. 203. Kageyama, Etsuko (2016). "Change of suspension systems of daggers and swords in eastern Eurasia: Its relation to the Hephthalite occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). ZINBUN. 46: 199–212. doi:10.14989/209942. S2CID 130594467.
Fedorov, Michael (2007). "ON THE PORTRAITS OF THE SOGDIAN KINGS (IKHSHĪDS) OF SAMARQAND". Iran. 45: 155. doi:10.1080/05786967.2007.11864723. ISSN 0578-6967. JSTOR 25651416. S2CID 194538468.
Kageyama 2016, pp. 200–205. Kageyama, Etsuko (2016). "Change of suspension systems of daggers and swords in eastern Eurasia: Its relation to the Hephthalite occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). ZINBUN. 46: 199–212. doi:10.14989/209942. S2CID 130594467.
Kageyama 2016, p. 200. Kageyama quoting the research of S. Hiyama, "Study on the first-style murals of Kucha: analysis of some motifs related to the Hephthalite's period” Kageyama, Etsuko (2016). "Change of suspension systems of daggers and swords in eastern Eurasia: Its relation to the Hephthalite occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). ZINBUN. 46: 199–212. doi:10.14989/209942. S2CID 130594467.
Kageyama 2016, p. 209. Kageyama, Etsuko (2016). "Change of suspension systems of daggers and swords in eastern Eurasia: Its relation to the Hephthalite occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). ZINBUN. 46: 199–212. doi:10.14989/209942. S2CID 130594467.
Kageyama 2016, p. 200. "Its scabbard is beautifully decorated with cloisonné and has a trapezoidal shape that widens at the end. The same dagger style is found in Kazakhstan, and similar works also appear in paintings from Pendzhikent and Kizil as well as Sogdian funerary reliefs from Anyang19. These highly decorated works may be more elaborate versions of the dagger with two suspension mounts produced under Hephthalite influence." Kageyama, Etsuko (2016). "Change of suspension systems of daggers and swords in eastern Eurasia: Its relation to the Hephthalite occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). ZINBUN. 46: 199–212. doi:10.14989/209942. S2CID 130594467.
Kageyama 2007, p. 20, drawing e. The drawing referenced by Kageyama is located in Maršak, Boris (1990). "Les Fouilles de Pendjikent". Comptes Rendus des Séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. 134: 298. doi:10.3406/crai.1990.14842. Kageyama, Etsuko (2007). "The Winged Crown and the Triple-crescent Crown in the Sogdian Funerary Monuments from China: Their Relation to the Hephthalite Occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). Journal of Inner Asian Art and Archaeology. 2: 11–22. doi:10.1484/J.JIAAA.2.302540. S2CID 130640638. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 November 2020.

pdfs.semanticscholar.org

Kageyama 2007, p. 12. Kageyama, Etsuko (2007). "The Winged Crown and the Triple-crescent Crown in the Sogdian Funerary Monuments from China: Their Relation to the Hephthalite Occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). Journal of Inner Asian Art and Archaeology. 2: 11–22. doi:10.1484/J.JIAAA.2.302540. S2CID 130640638. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 November 2020.
Kageyama 2007, p. 20, drawing e. The drawing referenced by Kageyama is located in Maršak, Boris (1990). "Les Fouilles de Pendjikent". Comptes Rendus des Séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. 134: 298. doi:10.3406/crai.1990.14842. Kageyama, Etsuko (2007). "The Winged Crown and the Triple-crescent Crown in the Sogdian Funerary Monuments from China: Their Relation to the Hephthalite Occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). Journal of Inner Asian Art and Archaeology. 2: 11–22. doi:10.1484/J.JIAAA.2.302540. S2CID 130640638. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 November 2020.

silkroadfoundation.org

Compareti, Matteo (2014). Some Examples of Central Asian Decorative Elements in Ajanta and Bagh Indian Paintings (PDF). The Silk Road Foundation.

studybuddhism.com

Alexander Berzin. "History of Buddhism in Afghanistan". Study Buddhism.

tertullian.org

Joshua the Stylite, Chronicle composed in Syriac in AD 507 (1882) pp.1-76.

uam.es

revistas.uam.es

Kurbanov, Aydogdy (2013a). "Some information related to the art history of the hephthalite time (4th-6th centuries AD) in Central Asia and Neighbouring countries". Isimu. 16: 99–112.

ugent.be

biblio.ugent.be

Ge, Zhaoguang (2019). "Imagining a Universal Empire: a Study of the Illustrations of the Tributary States of the Myriad Regions Attributed to Li Gonglin" (PDF). Journal of Chinese Humanities. 5: 128.

uni-heidelberg.de

journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de

Blänsdorf, Catharina; Nadeau, Marie-Josée; Grootes, Pieter M.; Hüls, Matthias; Pfeffer, Stephanie; Thiemann, Laura (2009). "Dating of the Buddha Statues – AMS ¹⁴
C
Dating of Organic Materials" (PDF). In Petzet, Michael (ed.). The Giant Buddhas of Bamiyan. Safeguarding the remains (PDF). Monuments and Sites. Vol. 19. Berlin: Bässler. p. 235, Table 4. ISBN 978-3-930388-55-4. Archived from the original on 4 February 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2020. Eastern Buddha: 549 AD – 579 AD (1 σ range, 68.2% probability) 544 AD – 595 AD (2 σ range, 95.4% probability). Western Buddha: 605 AD – 633 AD (1 σ range, 68.2%) 591 AD – 644 AD (2 σ range, 95.4% probability).

universiteitleiden.nl

Bakker, Hans T. (26 November 2016). Monuments of Hope, Gloom, and Glory in the Age of the Hunnic Wars: 50 years that changed India (484–534) (Speech). 24th Gonda Lecture. Amsterdam. doi:10.5281/zenodo.377032. Archived from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 8 July 2018.

univie.ac.at

pro.geo.univie.ac.at

Alram et al. 2012–2013. exhibit: 10. Hephthalites In Bactria Archived 29 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Alram, Michael; Filigenzi, Anna; Kinberger, Michaela; Nell, Daniel; Pfisterer, Matthias; Vondrovec, Klaus (2012–2013). "The Countenance of the other (The Coins of the Huns and Western Turks in Central Asia and India)". Pro.geo.univie.ac.at. Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
Alram et al. 2012–2013. exhibit: 10. HEPHTHALITES IN BACTRIA Alram, Michael; Filigenzi, Anna; Kinberger, Michaela; Nell, Daniel; Pfisterer, Matthias; Vondrovec, Klaus (2012–2013). "The Countenance of the other (The Coins of the Huns and Western Turks in Central Asia and India)". Pro.geo.univie.ac.at. Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
Alram et al. 2012–2013. exhibit: 8. Alkhan: Contemporaries Of Khingila Archived 15 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine Alram, Michael; Filigenzi, Anna; Kinberger, Michaela; Nell, Daniel; Pfisterer, Matthias; Vondrovec, Klaus (2012–2013). "The Countenance of the other (The Coins of the Huns and Western Turks in Central Asia and India)". Pro.geo.univie.ac.at. Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
Alram et al. 2012–2013. exhibit: 14. KABULISTAN AND BACTRIA AT THE TIME OF "KHORASAN TEGIN SHAH" Archived 25 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine Alram, Michael; Filigenzi, Anna; Kinberger, Michaela; Nell, Daniel; Pfisterer, Matthias; Vondrovec, Klaus (2012–2013). "The Countenance of the other (The Coins of the Huns and Western Turks in Central Asia and India)". Pro.geo.univie.ac.at. Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
"The Countenance of the other (The Coins of the Huns and Western Turks in Central Asia and India) 2012-2013 exhibit: Chorasan Tegin Shah". Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna. 2012–2013. Retrieved 22 July 2017.

univie.ac.at

Alram 2008. Alram, Michael (2008). "Ein Schatzfund Hephthalitischer Drachmen Aus Baktrien" [A treasure discovery of Hephthalite Drachms from Bactria] (PDF). Numismatische Zeitschrift (in German). Vol. 116/117. pp. 253–268.
Alram 2008, coin type 47 and 48. Alram, Michael (2008). "Ein Schatzfund Hephthalitischer Drachmen Aus Baktrien" [A treasure discovery of Hephthalite Drachms from Bactria] (PDF). Numismatische Zeitschrift (in German). Vol. 116/117. pp. 253–268.
Alram 2008, coin type 46. Alram, Michael (2008). "Ein Schatzfund Hephthalitischer Drachmen Aus Baktrien" [A treasure discovery of Hephthalite Drachms from Bactria] (PDF). Numismatische Zeitschrift (in German). Vol. 116/117. pp. 253–268.

washington.edu

depts.washington.edu

"MIA Berlin: Turfan Collection: Kizil". depts.washington.edu.

web.archive.org

Alram et al. 2012–2013. exhibit: 10. Hephthalites In Bactria Archived 29 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Alram, Michael; Filigenzi, Anna; Kinberger, Michaela; Nell, Daniel; Pfisterer, Matthias; Vondrovec, Klaus (2012–2013). "The Countenance of the other (The Coins of the Huns and Western Turks in Central Asia and India)". Pro.geo.univie.ac.at. Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
Blänsdorf, Catharina; Nadeau, Marie-Josée; Grootes, Pieter M.; Hüls, Matthias; Pfeffer, Stephanie; Thiemann, Laura (2009). "Dating of the Buddha Statues – AMS ¹⁴
C
Dating of Organic Materials" (PDF). In Petzet, Michael (ed.). The Giant Buddhas of Bamiyan. Safeguarding the remains (PDF). Monuments and Sites. Vol. 19. Berlin: Bässler. p. 235, Table 4. ISBN 978-3-930388-55-4. Archived from the original on 4 February 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2020. Eastern Buddha: 549 AD – 579 AD (1 σ range, 68.2% probability) 544 AD – 595 AD (2 σ range, 95.4% probability). Western Buddha: 605 AD – 633 AD (1 σ range, 68.2%) 591 AD – 644 AD (2 σ range, 95.4% probability).
Kageyama 2007, p. 12. Kageyama, Etsuko (2007). "The Winged Crown and the Triple-crescent Crown in the Sogdian Funerary Monuments from China: Their Relation to the Hephthalite Occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). Journal of Inner Asian Art and Archaeology. 2: 11–22. doi:10.1484/J.JIAAA.2.302540. S2CID 130640638. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 November 2020.
Alram et al. 2012–2013. exhibit: 10. HEPHTHALITES IN BACTRIA Alram, Michael; Filigenzi, Anna; Kinberger, Michaela; Nell, Daniel; Pfisterer, Matthias; Vondrovec, Klaus (2012–2013). "The Countenance of the other (The Coins of the Huns and Western Turks in Central Asia and India)". Pro.geo.univie.ac.at. Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
Alram et al. 2012–2013. exhibit: 8. Alkhan: Contemporaries Of Khingila Archived 15 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine Alram, Michael; Filigenzi, Anna; Kinberger, Michaela; Nell, Daniel; Pfisterer, Matthias; Vondrovec, Klaus (2012–2013). "The Countenance of the other (The Coins of the Huns and Western Turks in Central Asia and India)". Pro.geo.univie.ac.at. Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
Rowland 1974, p. 104. Rowland, Benjamin (1974). The Art of Central Asia. New York: Crown. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2020. Internet Archive
Alram et al. 2012–2013. exhibit: 14. KABULISTAN AND BACTRIA AT THE TIME OF "KHORASAN TEGIN SHAH" Archived 25 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine Alram, Michael; Filigenzi, Anna; Kinberger, Michaela; Nell, Daniel; Pfisterer, Matthias; Vondrovec, Klaus (2012–2013). "The Countenance of the other (The Coins of the Huns and Western Turks in Central Asia and India)". Pro.geo.univie.ac.at. Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
Rowland 1974, p. 93. Rowland, Benjamin (1974). The Art of Central Asia. New York: Crown. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2020. Internet Archive
Kageyama 2007, p. 20, drawing e. The drawing referenced by Kageyama is located in Maršak, Boris (1990). "Les Fouilles de Pendjikent". Comptes Rendus des Séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. 134: 298. doi:10.3406/crai.1990.14842. Kageyama, Etsuko (2007). "The Winged Crown and the Triple-crescent Crown in the Sogdian Funerary Monuments from China: Their Relation to the Hephthalite Occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). Journal of Inner Asian Art and Archaeology. 2: 11–22. doi:10.1484/J.JIAAA.2.302540. S2CID 130640638. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 November 2020.
Bakker, Hans T. (26 November 2016). Monuments of Hope, Gloom, and Glory in the Age of the Hunnic Wars: 50 years that changed India (484–534) (Speech). 24th Gonda Lecture. Amsterdam. doi:10.5281/zenodo.377032. Archived from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
Minorsky, V. "The Khalaj West of the Oxus [excerpts from "The Turkish Dialect of the Khalaj", Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London, Vol 10, No 2, pp 417–437]". Khyber.ORG. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 10 January 2007.

wikisource.org

zh.wikisource.org

Xin Tangshu vol. 217a txt: "回紇，其先匈奴也，俗多乘高輪車，元魏時亦號高車部，或曰敕勒，訛為鐵勒。" tr: "Uyghurs, their predecessors were the Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. In Yuan Wei time, they were also called Gaoju (i.e. High-Cart) tribe. Or called Chile, or mistakenly as Tiele."
Weishu Vol 103 Gaoju txt: "高車，蓋古赤狄之餘種也，[...] 諸夏以為高車丁零。" tr: "Gaoju, probably the remnant stock of the ancient Red Di. [...] The various Xia (i.e. Chinese) considered them Gaoju Dingling (i.e. Dingling with High Cart)"
Sima Qian, Shiji vol. 110 txt: "後北服渾庾、屈射、丁零、鬲昆、薪犁之國。" tr: "Later (in the) north (Modu Chanyu) subjugated the nations of Hunyu, Qushe, Dingling, Gekun, and Xinli."
Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of their Xiongnu predecessors"

en.wikisource.org

A similar account of the rise and conquests of the Hua appears in the Liangshu (Volume 54)
Procopius, History of the Wars. Book I, Ch. III, "The Persian War"
"Ephthalites" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Alram 2014, p. 279. Alram, Michael (2014). "From the Sasanians to the Huns New Numismatic Evidence from the Hindu Kush". The Numismatic Chronicle. 174: 261–291. ISSN 0078-2696. JSTOR 44710198.
Alram 2014, pp. 278–279. Alram, Michael (2014). "From the Sasanians to the Huns New Numismatic Evidence from the Hindu Kush". The Numismatic Chronicle. 174: 261–291. ISSN 0078-2696. JSTOR 44710198.
de la Vaissière 2003, pp. 119–137. de la Vaissière, Etienne (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 119–132. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049310.
de la Vaissière 2003, p. 122. de la Vaissière, Etienne (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 119–132. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049310.
de la Vaissière 2003, p. 121. de la Vaissière, Etienne (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 119–132. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049310.
de la Vaissière 2003, pp. 119–122, Annex 1. de la Vaissière, Etienne (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 119–132. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049310.
de la Vaissière 2003, pp. 120–121, Annex 1. de la Vaissière, Etienne (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 119–132. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049310.
de la Vaissière 2003, p. 123. de la Vaissière, Etienne (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 119–132. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049310.
de la Vaissière 2003, pp. 120–122. de la Vaissière, Etienne (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 119–132. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049310.
Grenet, Frantz (15 May 2004). "Tavka (k istorii drevnix tamožennyx sooruženij Uzbekistana). Taškent-Samarkand, Izd. A. Kadyri / Institut Arxeologii A.N. Uzb, 141 p., 68 ill. + 13 pl. couleurs h.-t. (Texte bilingue ouzbek-russe, résumé en anglais). [Tavka (contribution à l'histoire des anciens édifices frontaliers de l'Ouzbékistan)]". Abstracta Iranica (in French). 25. doi:10.4000/abstractairanica.4213. ISSN 0240-8910.
Rakhmanov, Shaymardankul A. (2016). "Wall Paintings from Tavka, Uzbekistan". Journal of Inner Asian Art and Archaeology. 7: 31–54. doi:10.1484/J.JIAAA.4.2017003. ISSN 1783-9025.
Zeimal 1994, p. 253. Zeimal, E.V. (1994). "The Circulation of Coins in Central Asia during the Early Medieval Period (Fifth–Eighth Centuries A.D.)". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 8: 245–267. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24048777.
de la Vaissière 2003, pp. 128–129 and note 35. de la Vaissière, Etienne (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 119–132. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049310.
Fedorov, Michael (2007). "ON THE PORTRAITS OF THE SOGDIAN KINGS (IKHSHĪDS) OF SAMARQAND". Iran. 45: 155. doi:10.1080/05786967.2007.11864723. ISSN 0578-6967. JSTOR 25651416. S2CID 194538468.
MUZIO, CIRO LO (2008). "Remarks on the Paintings from the Buddhist Monastery of Fayaz Tepe (Southern Uzbekistan)". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 22: 202, note 45. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049243.
de la Vaissière 2003, pp. 127–128. de la Vaissière, Etienne (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 119–132. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049310.
de la Vaissière 2003, p. 130, note 31. de la Vaissière, Etienne (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 119–132. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049310.
de la Vaissière 2003, p. 125. de la Vaissière, Etienne (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 119–132. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049310.
de la Vaissière 2003, p. 126. de la Vaissière, Etienne (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 119–132. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049310.
GRENET, FRANTZ; RIBOUD, PÉNÉLOPE (2003). "A Reflection of the Hephtalite Empire: The Biographical Narrative in the Reliefs of the Tomb of the Sabao Wirkak (494–579)". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 138. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049311.
Gibb 1923, pp. 36–38. Gibb, H. A. R. (1923). The Arab Conquests in Central Asia. London: The Royal Asiatic Society. OCLC 499987512.
Esin, E. (1977). "Tarkhan Nīzak or Tarkhan Tirek? An Enquiry concerning the Prince of Badhghīs Who in A. H. 91/A. D. 709–710 Opposed the 'Omayyad Conquest of Central Asia". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 97 (3): 330. doi:10.2307/600737. ISSN 0003-0279. JSTOR 600737.
Livshits, V. A. (2000). "Sogdian Sānak, a Manichaean Bishop of the 5th–Early 6th Centuries". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 14: 48. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049013.
de la Vaissière 2003, p. 129. de la Vaissière, Etienne (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 119–132. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049310.
de la Vaissière, Étienne (2017). "Early Medieval Central Asian Population Estimates". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 60 (6): 788. doi:10.1163/15685209-12341438. ISSN 0022-4995.
ALRAM, MICHAEL (2014). "From the Sasanians to the Huns New Numismatic Evidence from the Hindu Kush". The Numismatic Chronicle. 174: 279. ISSN 0078-2696. JSTOR 44710198.