Heracleum sphondylium (English Wikipedia)

"Heracleum sphondylium". State-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2023.

books.google.com

Haines (2011), p. 342. Haines, Arthur (2011). New England Wild Flower Society's Flora Novae Angliae: A Manual for the Identification of Native and Naturalized Higher Vascular Plants of New England. Illustrated by Elizabeth Farnsworth and Gordon Morrison. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-17154-9.

botany.pl

maxbot.botany.pl

Gawłowska (1961), p. 34. Gawłowska, Maria J. (1961). "Taxonomy of the species Heracleum sphondylium L. and Heracleum sibiricum L. occurring in Poland and neighbouring countries". Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica. 7 (1): 3–39. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
Gawłowska (1961). Gawłowska, Maria J. (1961). "Taxonomy of the species Heracleum sphondylium L. and Heracleum sibiricum L. occurring in Poland and neighbouring countries". Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica. 7 (1): 3–39. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
Gawłowska (1961), Fig. 1. Gawłowska, Maria J. (1961). "Taxonomy of the species Heracleum sphondylium L. and Heracleum sibiricum L. occurring in Poland and neighbouring countries". Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica. 7 (1): 3–39. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
Gawłowska (1961), p. 38. Gawłowska, Maria J. (1961). "Taxonomy of the species Heracleum sphondylium L. and Heracleum sibiricum L. occurring in Poland and neighbouring countries". Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica. 7 (1): 3–39. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
Gawłowska (1957), p. 68. Gawłowska, Maria J. (1957). "Research on the distribution of Heracleum sphondylium L. and Heracleum sibiricum L. in Poland". Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica. 3 (1): 61–68. Retrieved 8 October 2023.

canadensys.net

data.canadensys.net

"Heracleum sphondylium Linnaeus". Canadensys. Retrieved September 25, 2018.

conservationgrade.org

"Which flowers are the best source of nectar?". Conservation Grade. 2014-10-15. Archived from the original on 2019-12-14. Retrieved 2017-10-18.

doi.org

Sheppard (1991), pp. 235, 245–6. Sheppard, A. W. (March 1991). "Heracleum sphondylium L.". Journal of Ecology. 79 (1): 235–258. doi:10.2307/2260795. JSTOR 2260795.
Zych (2006). Zych, Marcin (2006). "On flower visitors and true pollinators: The case of protandrous Heracleum sphondylium L. (Apiaceae)" (PDF). Plant Systematics and Evolution. 263 (3–4): 159–179. doi:10.1007/s00606-006-0493-y. S2CID 40995627. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
Pathak, M.A.; Daniels, Farrington; Fitzpatrick, T.B. (1962). "The presently known distribution of furocoumarins (psoralens) in plants". Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 39 (3): 225–239. doi:10.1038/jid.1962.106. PMID 13941836.
Bowers, A.G. (1999). "Phytophotodermatitis". American Journal of Contact Dermatitis. 10 (2): 89–93. doi:10.1016/S1046-199X(99)90006-4. PMID 10357718.
Sheppard (1991), p. 236. Sheppard, A. W. (March 1991). "Heracleum sphondylium L.". Journal of Ecology. 79 (1): 235–258. doi:10.2307/2260795. JSTOR 2260795.
Sheppard (1991), p. 235. Sheppard, A. W. (March 1991). "Heracleum sphondylium L.". Journal of Ecology. 79 (1): 235–258. doi:10.2307/2260795. JSTOR 2260795.
Sheppard (1991). Sheppard, A. W. (March 1991). "Heracleum sphondylium L.". Journal of Ecology. 79 (1): 235–258. doi:10.2307/2260795. JSTOR 2260795.
Sheppard (1991), p. 249. Sheppard, A. W. (March 1991). "Heracleum sphondylium L.". Journal of Ecology. 79 (1): 235–258. doi:10.2307/2260795. JSTOR 2260795.
Van Der Kooi, C. J.; Pen, I.; Staal, M.; Stavenga, D. G.; Elzenga, J. T. M. (2015). "Competition for pollinators and intra-communal spectral dissimilarity of flowers". Plant Biology. 18 (1): 56–62. doi:10.1111/plb.12328. PMID 25754608. Retrieved 2023-08-19.

eakringbirds.com

"Euleia heraclei". www.eakringbirds.com. Retrieved 2023-08-19.

gallowaywildfoods.com

"Common Hogweed - Identification, Edibility, Distribution". Galloway Wild Foods. Retrieved 2022-06-17.
https://gallowaywildfoods.com/hogweed-seed-parkin-cake-recipe/ Retrieved 20 June 2024

inaturalist.org

"Heracleum sphondylium: Similar Species". iNaturalist.org. Retrieved 2023-08-23.

ipni.org

"Heracleum sphondylium L.". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 2023-08-20.
"Heracleum sphondylium var. subregulare Peterm.". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
"Heracleum sphondylium f. stenophyllum (Gaudin) Gawł.". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
"Heracleum sphondylium f. dissectum (Le Gall) Gawł.". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
"Heracleum sphondylium f. subaequale Gawł.". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
"Heracleum sphondylium var. chaetocarpoides Gawł.". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
"Heracleum sphondylium f. spectabile Gawł.". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
"Heracleum sphondylium f. mirabile Gawł.". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
"Heracleum sphondylium f. intermedium Gawł.". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
"Heracleum sphondylium f. commutatum Gawł.". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 2023-10-13.

jstor.org

Sheppard (1991), pp. 235, 245–6. Sheppard, A. W. (March 1991). "Heracleum sphondylium L.". Journal of Ecology. 79 (1): 235–258. doi:10.2307/2260795. JSTOR 2260795.
Sheppard (1991), p. 236. Sheppard, A. W. (March 1991). "Heracleum sphondylium L.". Journal of Ecology. 79 (1): 235–258. doi:10.2307/2260795. JSTOR 2260795.
Brummitt (1971). Brummitt, R. K. (December 1971). "Relationship of Heracleum lanatum Michx. of North America to H. sphondylium of Europe". Rhodora. 73 (796): 578–584. JSTOR 23311734. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
Sheppard (1991), p. 235. Sheppard, A. W. (March 1991). "Heracleum sphondylium L.". Journal of Ecology. 79 (1): 235–258. doi:10.2307/2260795. JSTOR 2260795.
Sheppard (1991). Sheppard, A. W. (March 1991). "Heracleum sphondylium L.". Journal of Ecology. 79 (1): 235–258. doi:10.2307/2260795. JSTOR 2260795.
Sheppard (1991), p. 249. Sheppard, A. W. (March 1991). "Heracleum sphondylium L.". Journal of Ecology. 79 (1): 235–258. doi:10.2307/2260795. JSTOR 2260795.

kew.org

powo.science.kew.org

"Heracleum sphondylium L.". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
"Heracleum carpaticum Porcius". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
"Heracleum cyclocarpum K.Koch". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
"Heracleum sibiricum L.". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
"Heracleum maximum W.Bartram". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
"Heracleum sphondylium subsp. elegans (Crantz) Schübl. & G.Martens". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
"Heracleum sphondylium subsp. sphondylium". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 13 October 2023.

leafmines.co.uk

"Phytomyza spondylii Robineau-Desvoidy, 1851". British Leaf Miners. Retrieved 2023-08-19.

nativeplanttrust.org

gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org

"Heracleum sphondylium — European cow-parsnip". Go Botany. Native Plant Trust. Retrieved 23 August 2023.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Pathak, M.A.; Daniels, Farrington; Fitzpatrick, T.B. (1962). "The presently known distribution of furocoumarins (psoralens) in plants". Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 39 (3): 225–239. doi:10.1038/jid.1962.106. PMID 13941836.
Bowers, A.G. (1999). "Phytophotodermatitis". American Journal of Contact Dermatitis. 10 (2): 89–93. doi:10.1016/S1046-199X(99)90006-4. PMID 10357718.
Van Der Kooi, C. J.; Pen, I.; Staal, M.; Stavenga, D. G.; Elzenga, J. T. M. (2015). "Competition for pollinators and intra-communal spectral dissimilarity of flowers". Plant Biology. 18 (1): 56–62. doi:10.1111/plb.12328. PMID 25754608. Retrieved 2023-08-19.

nrm.se

linnaeus.nrm.se

Arne Anderberg. "Den Virtuella Floran: Heracleum sphondylium L." Naturhistoriska riksmuseet. Archived from the original on 2018-09-20. Retrieved 20 September 2018.

ontarioinvasiveplants.ca

MacDonald, Francine; Anderson, Hayley (May 2012). "Giant Hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum): Best Management Practices in Ontario" (PDF). Ontario Invasive Plant Council, Peterborough, ON. Retrieved September 19, 2018.

researchgate.net

Van Der Kooi, C. J.; Pen, I.; Staal, M.; Stavenga, D. G.; Elzenga, J. T. M. (2015). "Competition for pollinators and intra-communal spectral dissimilarity of flowers". Plant Biology. 18 (1): 56–62. doi:10.1111/plb.12328. PMID 25754608. Retrieved 2023-08-19.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Zych (2006). Zych, Marcin (2006). "On flower visitors and true pollinators: The case of protandrous Heracleum sphondylium L. (Apiaceae)" (PDF). Plant Systematics and Evolution. 263 (3–4): 159–179. doi:10.1007/s00606-006-0493-y. S2CID 40995627. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2023.

tropicos.org

"Heracleum sphondylium". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 3 August 2023.

usda.gov

plants.sc.egov.usda.gov

NRCS. "Heracleum sphondylium subsp. sibiricum". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 4 August 2023.

uw.edu.pl

ogrod.uw.edu.pl

Zych (2006). Zych, Marcin (2006). "On flower visitors and true pollinators: The case of protandrous Heracleum sphondylium L. (Apiaceae)" (PDF). Plant Systematics and Evolution. 263 (3–4): 159–179. doi:10.1007/s00606-006-0493-y. S2CID 40995627. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2023.

web.archive.org

Zych (2006). Zych, Marcin (2006). "On flower visitors and true pollinators: The case of protandrous Heracleum sphondylium L. (Apiaceae)" (PDF). Plant Systematics and Evolution. 263 (3–4): 159–179. doi:10.1007/s00606-006-0493-y. S2CID 40995627. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
Arne Anderberg. "Den Virtuella Floran: Heracleum sphondylium L." Naturhistoriska riksmuseet. Archived from the original on 2018-09-20. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
"Which flowers are the best source of nectar?". Conservation Grade. 2014-10-15. Archived from the original on 2019-12-14. Retrieved 2017-10-18.

wildfooduk.com

https://www.wildfooduk.com/wild-plants/hogweed-2/ Retrieved 20 June 2024

worldfloraonline.org

"Heracleum sphondylium L.". World Flora Online. Retrieved 4 August 2023.