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Grabowsky, Gail L. (August 1994). "Symmetry, Locomotion, and the Evolution of an Anterior End: A Lesson From Sea Urchins". Evolution. 48 (4): 1130–1146. doi:10.2307/2410373. JSTOR2410373. PMID28564445.
Presser, V.; Schultheiß, S.; Berthold, C.; Nickel, K. G. (September 2009). "Sea urchin spines as a model-system for permeable, light-weight ceramics with graceful failure behavior. Part I. Mechanical behavior of sea urchin spines under compression". Journal of Bionic Engineering. 6 (3): 203–213. doi:10.1016/s1672-6529(08)60125-0. S2CID137480797.
worldcat.org
Clark, Ailsa M. (1971). Monograph of shallow-water Indo-West Pacific echinoderms. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). OCLC717759019.