Hexadecimal (English Wikipedia)

Whitaker, Ronald O. (January 1972). Written at Indianapolis, Indiana, US. "More on man/machine" (PDF). Letters. Datamation. Vol. 18, no. 1. Barrington, Illinois, US: Technical Publishing Company. p. 103. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-12-05. Retrieved 2022-12-24. (1 page)
IBM System/360 FORTRAN IV Language Archived 2021-05-19 at the Wayback Machine (1966), p. 13.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Alfred B. Taylor, "Octonary numeration and its application to a system of weights and measures", Proc Amer. Phil. Soc. Vol XXIV Archived 2016-06-24 at the Wayback Machine, Philadelphia, 1887; pages 296–366. See pages 317 and 322.

bzarg.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Babb, Tim (2015). "How to pronounce hexadecimal". Bzarg. Archived from the original on 2020-11-11. Retrieved 2021-01-01.

computerhistory.org (Global: 2,702^nd place; English: 1,789^th place)

archive.computerhistory.org

NEC Parametron Digital Computer Type NEAC-1103 (PDF). Tokyo, Japan: Nippon Electric Company Ltd. 1960. Cat. No. 3405-C. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-05-31. Retrieved 2017-05-31.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Martin, Bruce Alan (October 1968). "Letters to the editor: On binary notation". Communications of the ACM. 11 (10). Associated Universities Inc.: 658. doi:10.1145/364096.364107. S2CID 28248410.

ed-thelen.org (Global: low place; English: 9,943^rd place)

Royal Precision Electronic Computer LGP – 30 Programming Manual. Port Chester, New York: Royal McBee Corporation. April 1957. Archived from the original on 2017-05-31. Retrieved 2017-05-31. (NB. This somewhat odd sequence was from the next six sequential numeric keyboard codes in the LGP-30's 6-bit character code.)

fpgatutorial.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"An Introduction to VHDL Data Types". FPGA Tutorial. 2020-05-10. Archived from the original on 2020-08-23. Retrieved 2020-08-21.

hauptmech.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Base 4^2 Hexadecimal Symbol Proposal". Hauptmech. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2008-09-04.

idirect.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

totton.idirect.com

"算盤 Hexadecimal Addition & Subtraction on a Chinese Abacus". totton.idirect.com. Archived from the original on 2019-07-06. Retrieved 2019-06-26.

intuitor.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Rogers, S.R. (2007). "Hexadecimal number words". Intuitor. Archived from the original on 2019-09-17. Retrieved 2019-08-26.
"Intuitor Hex Headquarters". Intuitor. Archived from the original on 2010-09-04. Retrieved 2018-10-28.

ionos.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The hexadecimal system". Ionos Digital Guide. Archived from the original on 2022-08-26. Retrieved 2022-08-26.

iso.org (Global: 1,190^th place; English: 1,097^th place)

"ISO/IEC 9899:1999 – Programming languages – C". ISO. Iso.org. 2011-12-08. Archived from the original on 2016-10-10. Retrieved 2014-04-08.

lispworks.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"*read-base* variable in Common Lisp". CLHS. Archived from the original on 2016-02-03. Retrieved 2015-01-10.
"*print-base* variable in Common Lisp". CLHS. Archived from the original on 2014-12-26. Retrieved 2015-01-10.

manthey.cc (Global: low place; English: low place)

Manthey, Steffen; Leibrandt, Klaus (2002-07-02). "Die PERM und ALGOL" (PDF) (in German). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-10-03. Retrieved 2018-05-19.

modula2.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Modula-2 – Vocabulary and representation". Modula −2. Archived from the original on 2015-12-13. Retrieved 2015-11-01.

open-std.org (Global: 7,079^th place; English: 5,042^nd place)

"Rationale for International Standard – Programming Languages – C" (PDF). Open Standards. 5.10. April 2003. pp. 52, 153–154, 159. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-06-06. Retrieved 2010-10-17.

opengroup.org (Global: 6,630^th place; English: 5,295^th place)

pubs.opengroup.org

The IEEE and The Open Group (2013) [2001]. "dprintf, fprintf, printf, snprintf, sprintf – print formatted output". The Open Group Base Specifications (Issue 7, IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 ed.). Archived from the original on 2016-06-21. Retrieved 2016-06-21.

quadibloc.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Savard, John J. G. (2018) [2005]. "Computer Arithmetic". quadibloc. The Early Days of Hexadecimal. Archived from the original on 2018-07-16. Retrieved 2018-07-16.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Martin, Bruce Alan (October 1968). "Letters to the editor: On binary notation". Communications of the ACM. 11 (10). Associated Universities Inc.: 658. doi:10.1145/364096.364107. S2CID 28248410.

storage.googleapis.com (Global: 4,648^th place; English: 2,969^th place)

patentimages.storage.googleapis.com

Whitaker, Ronald O. (1976-08-10) [1975-02-24]. "Combined display and range selector for use with digital instruments employing the binary numbering system" (PDF). Indianapolis, Indiana, US. US Patent 3974444A. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-12-24. Retrieved 2022-12-24. (7 pages)

textfiles.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Gill, S.; Neagher, R. E.; Muller, D. E.; Nash, J. P.; Robertson, J. E.; Shapin, T.; Whesler, D. J. (1956-09-01). Nash, J. P. (ed.). "ILLIAC Programming – A Guide to the Preparation of Problems For Solution by the University of Illinois Digital Computer" (PDF). bitsavers.org (Fourth printing. Revised and corrected ed.). Urbana, Illinois, US: Digital Computer Laboratory, Graduate College, University of Illinois. pp. 3–2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-05-31. Retrieved 2014-12-18.

ti.com (Global: 6,779^th place; English: 4,625^th place)

"SN5446A, '47A, '48, SN54LS47, 'LS48, 'LS49, SN7446A, '47A, '48, SN74LS47, 'LS48, 'LS49 BCD-to-Seven-Segment Decoders/Drivers". Dallas, Texas, US: Texas Instruments Incorporated. March 1988 [1974]. SDLS111. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-09-15. (29 pages)

trailing-edge.com (Global: low place; English: 9,185^th place)

bitsavers.trailing-edge.com

"2.1.3 Sexadecimal notation". G15D Programmer's Reference Manual (PDF). Los Angeles, CA, US: Bendix Computer, Division of Bendix Aviation Corporation. p. 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-06-01. Retrieved 2017-06-01. This base is used because a group of four bits can represent any one of sixteen different numbers (zero to fifteen). By assigning a symbol to each of these combinations, we arrive at a notation called sexadecimal (usually "hex" in conversation because nobody wants to abbreviate "sex"). The symbols in the sexadecimal language are the ten decimal digits and on the G-15 typewriter, the letters "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", and "z". These are arbitrary markings; other computers may use different alphabet characters for these last six digits.

ucsb.edu (Global: 1,099^th place; English: 630^th place)

web.math.ucsb.edu

Knuth, Donald Ervin (1986). The TeXbook (PDF). Duane Bibby. Reading, Mass.: American Mathematical Society and Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. ISBN 0-201-13448-9. OCLC 12973034. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2025-11-19.

unicamp.br (Global: 4,289^th place; English: 7,541^st place)

ic.unicamp.br

"ISO-8859-1 (ISO Latin 1) Character Encoding". www.ic.unicamp.br. Archived from the original on 2019-06-29. Retrieved 2019-06-26.

unicode.org (Global: 691^st place; English: 581^st place)

"The Unicode Standard, Version 7" (PDF). Unicode. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
Niemietz, Ricardo Cancho (2003-10-21). "A proposal for addition of the six Hexadecimal digits (A-F) to Unicode" (PDF). ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2. Retrieved 2024-06-25.

unifoundry.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Nystrom (1862), p. 33: "In expressing time, angle of a circle, or points on the compass, the unit tim should be noted as integer, and parts thereof as tonal fractions, as 5·86 tims is five times and metonby [*"sutim and metonby" John Nystrom accidentally gives part of the number in decimal names; in Nystrom's pronunciation scheme, 5=su, 8=me, 6=by, c.f. unifoundry.com Archived 2021-05-19 at the Wayback Machine ]."

web-colors-explained.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Hexadecimal web colors explained". Archived from the original on 2006-04-22. Retrieved 2006-01-11.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"The hexadecimal system". Ionos Digital Guide. Archived from the original on 2022-08-26. Retrieved 2022-08-26.
"The Unicode Standard, Version 7" (PDF). Unicode. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
"Modula-2 – Vocabulary and representation". Modula −2. Archived from the original on 2015-12-13. Retrieved 2015-11-01.
"An Introduction to VHDL Data Types". FPGA Tutorial. 2020-05-10. Archived from the original on 2020-08-23. Retrieved 2020-08-21.
"*read-base* variable in Common Lisp". CLHS. Archived from the original on 2016-02-03. Retrieved 2015-01-10.
"*print-base* variable in Common Lisp". CLHS. Archived from the original on 2014-12-26. Retrieved 2015-01-10.
MSX is Coming — Part 2: Inside MSX Archived 2010-11-24 at the Wayback Machine Compute!, issue 56, January 1985, p. 52
Knuth, Donald Ervin (1986). The TeXbook (PDF). Duane Bibby. Reading, Mass.: American Mathematical Society and Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. ISBN 0-201-13448-9. OCLC 12973034. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2025-11-19.
"Hexadecimal web colors explained". Archived from the original on 2006-04-22. Retrieved 2006-01-11.
"ISO-8859-1 (ISO Latin 1) Character Encoding". www.ic.unicamp.br. Archived from the original on 2019-06-29. Retrieved 2019-06-26.
Whitaker, Ronald O. (January 1972). Written at Indianapolis, Indiana, US. "More on man/machine" (PDF). Letters. Datamation. Vol. 18, no. 1. Barrington, Illinois, US: Technical Publishing Company. p. 103. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-12-05. Retrieved 2022-12-24. (1 page)
Whitaker, Ronald O. (1976-08-10) [1975-02-24]. "Combined display and range selector for use with digital instruments employing the binary numbering system" (PDF). Indianapolis, Indiana, US. US Patent 3974444A. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-12-24. Retrieved 2022-12-24. (7 pages)
Savard, John J. G. (2018) [2005]. "Computer Arithmetic". quadibloc. The Early Days of Hexadecimal. Archived from the original on 2018-07-16. Retrieved 2018-07-16.
"2.1.3 Sexadecimal notation". G15D Programmer's Reference Manual (PDF). Los Angeles, CA, US: Bendix Computer, Division of Bendix Aviation Corporation. p. 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-06-01. Retrieved 2017-06-01. This base is used because a group of four bits can represent any one of sixteen different numbers (zero to fifteen). By assigning a symbol to each of these combinations, we arrive at a notation called sexadecimal (usually "hex" in conversation because nobody wants to abbreviate "sex"). The symbols in the sexadecimal language are the ten decimal digits and on the G-15 typewriter, the letters "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", and "z". These are arbitrary markings; other computers may use different alphabet characters for these last six digits.
Gill, S.; Neagher, R. E.; Muller, D. E.; Nash, J. P.; Robertson, J. E.; Shapin, T.; Whesler, D. J. (1956-09-01). Nash, J. P. (ed.). "ILLIAC Programming – A Guide to the Preparation of Problems For Solution by the University of Illinois Digital Computer" (PDF). bitsavers.org (Fourth printing. Revised and corrected ed.). Urbana, Illinois, US: Digital Computer Laboratory, Graduate College, University of Illinois. pp. 3–2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-05-31. Retrieved 2014-12-18.
Royal Precision Electronic Computer LGP – 30 Programming Manual. Port Chester, New York: Royal McBee Corporation. April 1957. Archived from the original on 2017-05-31. Retrieved 2017-05-31. (NB. This somewhat odd sequence was from the next six sequential numeric keyboard codes in the LGP-30's 6-bit character code.)
Manthey, Steffen; Leibrandt, Klaus (2002-07-02). "Die PERM und ALGOL" (PDF) (in German). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-10-03. Retrieved 2018-05-19.
NEC Parametron Digital Computer Type NEAC-1103 (PDF). Tokyo, Japan: Nippon Electric Company Ltd. 1960. Cat. No. 3405-C. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-05-31. Retrieved 2017-05-31.
"SN5446A, '47A, '48, SN54LS47, 'LS48, 'LS49, SN7446A, '47A, '48, SN74LS47, 'LS48, 'LS49 BCD-to-Seven-Segment Decoders/Drivers". Dallas, Texas, US: Texas Instruments Incorporated. March 1988 [1974]. SDLS111. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-09-15. (29 pages)
"ISO/IEC 9899:1999 – Programming languages – C". ISO. Iso.org. 2011-12-08. Archived from the original on 2016-10-10. Retrieved 2014-04-08.
"Rationale for International Standard – Programming Languages – C" (PDF). Open Standards. 5.10. April 2003. pp. 52, 153–154, 159. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-06-06. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
The IEEE and The Open Group (2013) [2001]. "dprintf, fprintf, printf, snprintf, sprintf – print formatted output". The Open Group Base Specifications (Issue 7, IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 ed.). Archived from the original on 2016-06-21. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
Rogers, S.R. (2007). "Hexadecimal number words". Intuitor. Archived from the original on 2019-09-17. Retrieved 2019-08-26.
Babb, Tim (2015). "How to pronounce hexadecimal". Bzarg. Archived from the original on 2020-11-11. Retrieved 2021-01-01.
"算盤 Hexadecimal Addition & Subtraction on a Chinese Abacus". totton.idirect.com. Archived from the original on 2019-07-06. Retrieved 2019-06-26.
"Base 4^2 Hexadecimal Symbol Proposal". Hauptmech. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
"Intuitor Hex Headquarters". Intuitor. Archived from the original on 2010-09-04. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
Nystrom (1862), p. 33: "In expressing time, angle of a circle, or points on the compass, the unit tim should be noted as integer, and parts thereof as tonal fractions, as 5·86 tims is five times and metonby [*"sutim and metonby" John Nystrom accidentally gives part of the number in decimal names; in Nystrom's pronunciation scheme, 5=su, 8=me, 6=by, c.f. unifoundry.com Archived 2021-05-19 at the Wayback Machine ]."
Alfred B. Taylor, "Octonary numeration and its application to a system of weights and measures", Proc Amer. Phil. Soc. Vol XXIV Archived 2016-06-24 at the Wayback Machine, Philadelphia, 1887; pages 296–366. See pages 317 and 322.
IBM System/360 FORTRAN IV Language Archived 2021-05-19 at the Wayback Machine (1966), p. 13.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Knuth, Donald Ervin (1986). The TeXbook (PDF). Duane Bibby. Reading, Mass.: American Mathematical Society and Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. ISBN 0-201-13448-9. OCLC 12973034. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2025-11-19.

Hexadecimal (English Wikipedia)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

atarimagazines.com (Global: low place; English: 6,236th place)

bitsavers.org (Global: 3,844th place; English: 1,960th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

bzarg.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

computerhistory.org (Global: 2,702nd place; English: 1,789th place)

archive.computerhistory.org

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

ed-thelen.org (Global: low place; English: 9,943rd place)

fpgatutorial.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

hauptmech.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

idirect.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

totton.idirect.com

intuitor.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

ionos.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

iso.org (Global: 1,190th place; English: 1,097th place)

lispworks.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

manthey.cc (Global: low place; English: low place)

modula2.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

open-std.org (Global: 7,079th place; English: 5,042nd place)

opengroup.org (Global: 6,630th place; English: 5,295th place)

pubs.opengroup.org

quadibloc.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

storage.googleapis.com (Global: 4,648th place; English: 2,969th place)

patentimages.storage.googleapis.com

textfiles.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

ti.com (Global: 6,779th place; English: 4,625th place)

trailing-edge.com (Global: low place; English: 9,185th place)

bitsavers.trailing-edge.com

ucsb.edu (Global: 1,099th place; English: 630th place)

web.math.ucsb.edu

unicamp.br (Global: 4,289th place; English: 7,541st place)

ic.unicamp.br

unicode.org (Global: 691st place; English: 581st place)

unifoundry.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

web-colors-explained.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

atarimagazines.com (Global: low place; English: 6,236^th place)

bitsavers.org (Global: 3,844^th place; English: 1,960^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

computerhistory.org (Global: 2,702^nd place; English: 1,789^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

ed-thelen.org (Global: low place; English: 9,943^rd place)

iso.org (Global: 1,190^th place; English: 1,097^th place)

open-std.org (Global: 7,079^th place; English: 5,042^nd place)

opengroup.org (Global: 6,630^th place; English: 5,295^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

storage.googleapis.com (Global: 4,648^th place; English: 2,969^th place)

ti.com (Global: 6,779^th place; English: 4,625^th place)

trailing-edge.com (Global: low place; English: 9,185^th place)

ucsb.edu (Global: 1,099^th place; English: 630^th place)

unicamp.br (Global: 4,289^th place; English: 7,541^st place)

unicode.org (Global: 691^st place; English: 581^st place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)