High-speed rail in Spain (English Wikipedia)

"Las obras del AVE a Vitoria, como pronto en 2027". diariodeburgos.es (in Spanish). 3 March 2023. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 7 May 2023.

diariodesevilla.es

Grimaldi, Alberto (17 November 2022). "El tramo Almería-Granada, principal problema para terminar el Corredor Mediterráneo". www.diariodesevilla.es (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
S. Ameneiro, Ana (3 February 2023). "Moreno quiere rescatar el AVE Sevilla-Málaga en menos de una hora que inició Chaves". www.diariodesevilla.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 March 2023.

diariolatorre.es

"Rafa Sánchez, concejal del PSOE: "Gerardo Velasco es un mal educado" - interview with Rafa Sánchez". Diario La Torre (in Spanish). Málaga. 10 August 2007. Retrieved 17 October 2008.

diariosur.es

"Antequera se sube al AVE". Diario Sur (in Spanish). 24 October 2010. Archived from the original on 30 August 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2019.

ejatlas.org

"Trans-Pyrenean Central Corridor, Spain - France". Environmental Justice Atlas. 26 January 2015. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 30 October 2015.

elcomarcaldecampoo.com

"Las obras del AVE a Reinosa comenzarán en 2023" (in Spanish). www.elcomarcaldecampoo.com. 1 July 2021. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 12 January 2022.

elcomercio.es

Muñiz, Ramón (6 September 2022). "León-La Robla: Transportes calcula que los trenes llegarán a los 250 kilómetros por hora dentro de la variante" (in Spanish). www.elcomercio.es. Archived from the original on 6 September 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
Ramón Muñiz (29 May 2015). "Pastor aprueba el plan de infraestructuras que promete un AVE por la costa antes de 2024". GIJÓN: elcomercio.es. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 29 October 2015.

elcorreo.com

Clara Alba (20 May 2021). "Las obras para conectar el AVE con Barajas comenzarán en 2022". www.elcorreo.com. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 30 September 2021.

eldiario.es

Rioja Andueza, Iker (6 October 2022). "Los presupuestos del Estado retrasan la 'Y vasca' a 2027 y siguen contemplando la conexión con Pamplona por Vitoria". www.eldiario.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 April 2023.

elindependiente.com

Pablo García (22 January 2018). "Una avería para en Sagunto el AVE Madrid-Castellón en su estreno con Rajoy a bordo". El Independiente. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 7 May 2023.

elmundo.es

"Fomento desvela irregularidades en obras de la Sagrera que están en manos de la Fiscalía" [The Ministry of Public Works and Transport reveals irregularities in La Sagrera construction works]. El Mundo (in Spanish). Barcelona. EFE. 7 June 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
JANDRO ROURES (17 January 2018). "Rajoy inaugurará el lunes el AVE Castellón-Madrid que empezará a circular el martes con 4 trenes diarios". elmundo.es. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 7 May 2023.

elnacional.cat

Palmer, Jordi (12 March 2024). "La Sagrera: Barcelona's future "station of stations" begins to take shape". Barcelona: www.elnacional.cat. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2024.

elnortedecastilla.es

"Ábalos destaca la inversión de 898 millones en el nuevo tramo del AVE a Galicia". www.elnortedecastilla.es. 26 October 2020. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 13 November 2020.

elpais.com

cincodias.elpais.com

"El primer tramo de la Alta Velocidad a Extremadura se estrena en plena ola de indignación por los incendios". cincodias.elpais.com (in Spanish). Madrid. 18 July 2022. Archived from the original on 18 July 2022. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
Fernández Magariño, Javier (22 September 2020). "SNCF estrenará la alta velocidad Ouigo en España el 15 de marzo con 10.000 billetes a 1 euro" (in Spanish). cincodias.elpais.com. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2023.

ccaa.elpais.com

S. Baquero, Camilo (7 June 2016). "Adif paró la obra en La Sagrera tras detectar irregularidades" [Adif suspended La Sagrera works after detecting irregularities]. El País (in Spanish). Barcelona. Archived from the original on 17 June 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2021.

elpais.com

"El AVE unirá en cuatro horas el Cantábrico y el Mediterráneo". El País. 4 November 2009. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 29 October 2015.

elperiodico.com

Comorera, Ramon (12 March 2012). "Doble aislante de vibraciones en las obras de Gaudí" [Double Isolation of Vibrations at the Gaudí constructions]. El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
Márquez Daniel, Carlos (7 June 2016). "Fomento alega nuevos pufos en La Sagrera para excusar el retraso de las obras" [The Ministry of Public Works and Transport claims irregularities to excuse the delay of the works]. El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). Barcelona. Retrieved 1 October 2021.

estaticos.elperiodico.com

"Map of the tunnel route and details if the railway equipment in the tunnel in a PDF in El Periodico" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-10-27. Retrieved 2023-05-07.

elperiodicoextremadura.com

Sánchez Rodríguez, Rocío (3 January 2021). "Extremadura: AVE con destino a 2030". El Periódico Extremadura. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
"Ábalos fecha la puesta en servicio del tren de alta velocidad entre Plasencia y Mérida a finales de 2021". elperiodicoextremadura.com (in Spanish). 29 January 2021. Archived from the original on 10 February 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2023.

europa.eu

cor.europa.eu

Dr. Jaap Vleugel (October 2006). "Natural cross-border barriers to the development of Trans-European Transport Networks" (PDF) (Press release). Brussels: EUROPEAN UNION Committee of the Regions. Delft University of Technology. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2015.

europapress.es

Europa Press (10 December 2010). "Diplomáticos y periodistas extranjeros conocen el AVE a Valencia en un viaje de simulación". europapress.es. Archived from the original on 13 December 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
Alberto Ortega (9 November 2021). "El túnel entre Atocha y Chamartín conectará los AVE de toda España a partir del primer trimestre de 2022". EuropaPress (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 23 February 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
"Los Reyes inaugurarán el AVE a Valencia, y los Príncipes la conexión a Albacete". Europa Press (in Spanish). 10 December 2010. Archived from the original on 10 April 2014.
"Comienzan las obras de la linea del AVE entre Amusco y Osorno" (in Spanish). www.europapress.es. 8 November 2021. Archived from the original on 20 November 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
"El Gobierno autoriza la construcción del tramo Osorno-Calahorra de Boedo del AVE a Cantabria". www.europapress.es (in Spanish). 18 October 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
"Las obras del tramo Grañena-Jaén de la Línea de Alta Velocidad se reanudan y se espera que acaben a final de 2018". Europa Press. September 23, 2017.

m.europapress.es

"El AVE suma su sexto récord anual al cerrar 2018 con 21,3 millones de viajeros, un 3,7%". Europa Press (in Spanish). 8 February 2019. Retrieved 29 August 2019.

euroweeklynews.com

Chris King (20 December 2021). "AVE links Madrid with Galicia after 20 years". euroweeklynews.com. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
"Fast tracks: Renfe links Murcia-Burgos". Euro Weekly News. euroweeklynews.com. 10 April 2024. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
King, Chris (1 June 2023). "Renfe's Avlo high-speed trains start connecting Andalucia with Madrid from €7 one-way". euroweeklynews.com. Archived from the original on 17 July 2024. Retrieved 19 August 2024.

euskadi.eus

irekia.euskadi.eus

"Eusko Jaurlaritzak eta Estatuko Administrazio Orokorrak Euskal Y-aren eraikuntzarako hitzarmena aldatu eta enkomenda eguneratuko dute". www.irekia.euskadi.eus (in Basque). 23 December 2017. Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023.

fcmaf.es

"Adjudicado el Estudio Informativo del proyecto línea ferroviaria de alta velocidad Madrid-Extremadura. Tramo: Madrid-Oropesa". Federación Castellano Manchega de Amigos del Ferrocarril (http://www.fcmaf.es) (in Spanish). Ciudad Real. 16 February 2018. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2022.

ferropedia.es

Ferropedia. LAV Madrid-Sevilla Archived 2019-09-15 at the Wayback Machine.

ferrovial.com

newsroom.ferrovial.com

"Construction work resumes on access to La Sagrera Station in Barcelona". www.ferrovial.com. 4 May 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2021.

fodors.com

It is planned that in 2012 high-speed services will link Madrid and Barcelona with Paris-Gare de Lyon and later perhaps London St Pancras (using the Eurotunnel and the HS1 line). "High-Speed Train To Link Madrid, Barcelona | Travel News from Fodor's Travel Guides". www.fodors.com. Retrieved 28 January 2009.

fomento.es

"The new HSL between Albacete and Alicante opened on June the 18th (translation)" (PDF). formento.es (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-10-26. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
"Strategic Infrastructures and Transport Plan (PEIT)". Archived from the original on 26 June 2010. Retrieved 25 August 2010.

fomento.gob.es

"Fase final de las obras del Eje Atlántico y de la nueva estación de Vigo-Urzáiz". fomento.gob.es. 30 March 2015. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2015.

geotren.es

"Velocidades máximas de los trenes y de las líneas" Archived 2023-05-01 at the Wayback Machine (maximum speeds of the trains and of the lines), last updated on 10 December 2022, accessed on 27 April 2023.

heraldo.es

"Felipe VI inaugura el AVE a Burgos más de una década después del inicio de las obras". www.heraldo.es (in Spanish). 21 July 2022. Archived from the original on 24 July 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
Alonso, Jorge (10 April 2023). "Nueva línea AVE Navarra-Zaragoza: el acceso por Plaza costaría un 41% menos que por Casetas". www.heraldo.es (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 11 April 2023.

ideal.es

"Los viajes en AVE a Málaga y Sevilla se estrenan esta semana, con transbordo en Antequera y Córdoba". www.ideal.es. 24 June 2019. Archived from the original on 27 June 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2019.

ine.es

"Total de viajeros por tipo, medio de transporte (terrestre, aéreo y maritimo) y distancia(20239)". INE (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2024-08-22. Retrieved 2024-06-05.

juntadeandalucia.es

"3 horas y 35 minutos de Huelva a Almería". juntadeandalucia.es. 22 January 2010. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2016.

lainformacion.com

noticias.lainformacion.com

Fran Hurtado (15 December 2015). "El AVE Madrid-Zamora se estrena este jueves sin actos inaugurales". noticias.lainformacion.com. Retrieved 23 December 2015.

lainformacion.com

Pablo García (26 March 2020). "Adif retrasa la apertura del túnel de AVE en Chamartín y Atocha por el coronavirus". La informacion (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.

lamoncloa.gob.es

"La Moncloa. 01/02/2021. Pedro Sánchez highlights government's commitment to cohesion and territorial structure [President/News]". www.lamoncloa.gob.es. Archived from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.

laopinioncoruna.es

"Las obras para la llegada del AVE a Galicia están ejecutadas en un 92,7% del presupuesto". www.laopinioncoruna.es (in Spanish). 21 June 2019. Archived from the original on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
C. Prego (15 April 2015). "Renfe estrena el Eje Atlántico el sábado con una rebaja del 50% en las tarifas". La Opinion A Coruña. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2015.

larazon.es

Felipe, Santiago (17 April 2024). "Renfe estrenará los nuevos Avril el 21 de mayo con nueve servicios que atravesarán Castilla y León hacia Asturias y Galicia". www.larazon.es (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.

larioja.com

"El AVE llegará a Navarra en el 2023 mientras el eje riojano acumula cinco años de retraso". www.larioja.com (in Spanish). 29 May 2017. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 15 April 2020.

lavanguardia.com

"Fomento presenta obras para agilizar en Madrid tráfico de AVE a la Comunitat". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 9 February 2017. Archived from the original on 24 August 2017. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
Bolland, Enrique (9 April 2024). "Renfe acerca las capitales de Castilla y León a València y Alicante a bajo precio". www.lavanguardia.com (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 18 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
"El trayecto en tren entre Barcelona y València se reducirá más de media hora". La Vanguardia. 2 January 2020. Archived from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
"Finalizan obras del tramo Grañena-Jaén de línea Alta Velocidad Madrid-Jaén". www.lavanguardia.com (in Spanish). 4 March 2020. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.

lavozdeasturias.es

"El Gobierno ratifica: el AVE de Asturias a Madrid arrancará en mayo". www.lavozdeasturias.es. 9 November 2022. Retrieved 9 November 2022.

lavozdegalicia.es

"El AVE del Cantábrico unirá Ferrol y Bilbao en menos de dos horas". La voz de Galicia. 25 January 2003. Archived from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 29 October 2015.

lavozdigital.es

"Fomento culmina la obra de alta velocidad entre Sevilla y Cádiz". lavozdigital.es (in Spanish). October 2015. Archived from the original on 2016-06-03. Retrieved 2023-05-07.

leonoticias.com

Muñiz, Ramón (9 January 2023). "Las obras para culminar la alta velocidad entre León y Asturias necesitarán al menos otros dos años" (in Spanish). www.leonoticias.com. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 4 December 2023.

levante-emv.com

Ballester, Laura (15 November 2019). "El retraso del AVE entre València y Xàtiva obliga a invertir un millón en mantener la catenaria". levante-emv.com (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
"La obra del AVE se atasca en La Encina". www.levante-emv.com (in Spanish). 6 May 2008. Archived from the original on 29 December 2023. Retrieved 29 December 2023.

mediarail.wordpress.com

"AVLO, Renfe's first low cost train in Spain". Mediarail.be - Rail Europe News. 12 December 2019. Archived from the original on 8 May 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2023.

mitma.gob.es

"La alta velocidad llega a Asturias - Óscar Puente defiende que la Variante de Pajares supone un avance trascendental para la igualdad de oportunidades y la transformación económica de Asturias" (in Spanish). www.mitma.gob.es. 29 November 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
"Mitma aprueba provisionalmente el Estudio Informativo del proyecto de la línea ferroviaria de Alta Velocidad Madrid-Extremadura, tramo Madrid-Oropesa". Ministerio de Transportes, Movilidad y Agenda Urbana (in Spanish). Madrid. 24 November 2020. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 21 July 2022.

murciatoday.com

"First AVE high-speed trains in Murcia delayed until at least 2022". Murcia Today. 5 February 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
"Excavation of Murcia-Almeria high-speed AVE train tunnel gets underway". Murcia Today. 24 August 2022. Archived from the original on 30 December 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2023.

negocios.com

"Ouigo conectará desde hoy Valladolid con Madrid" (in Spanish). www.negocios.com. 18 April 2024. Archived from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.

ondacero.es

"Adif lleva al BOE la licitación por 109 millones del tramo Calahorra de Boedo-Alar del Rey del AVE a Santander". www.ondacero.es (in Spanish). 12 December 2022. Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023.

ouigo.com

"Ouigo España". Ouigo. Archived from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.

railfreight.com

"Interview with Raul Miguez Bailo, Deputy Director of Adif". www.railfreight.com. 29 March 2019. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 15 April 2020.

railjournal.com

"Spain completes Iberia's high-speed link to Europe". International Railway Journal. 8 January 2013. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
Richard Clinnick (2021-12-23). "Renfe launches Madrid – Galicia high-speed service". International Railway Journal. Archived from the original on 2021-12-27. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
Fernando Puente (20 April 2015). "Spain inaugurates Galicia high-speed line". International Railway Journal. Archived from the original on 8 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
"Paris-Barcelona TGVs set for December 15 launch". International Railway Journal. 28 November 2013. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
"Barcelona-Figueres HS line to open January 7". International Railway Journal. 12 December 2012. Archived from the original on 12 February 2013. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
"Atocha - Chamartín tunnel opens in Madrid on July 1". 1 July 2022. Archived from the original on 2 June 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
"Iryo makes inaugural run". International Railway Journal. 25 November 2022. Archived from the original on 26 November 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
"Madrid - Galicia high-speed line to open on December 21". International Railway Journal. 2021-11-22. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
Fernando Puente (10 December 2012). "Barcelona - Figueres HS line to open January 7". railjournal.com. Archived from the original on 12 February 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2012.
Clinnick, Richard (18 January 2022). "Avlo set to launch Madrid – Valencia HS services next month". www.railjournal.com. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
David Briginshaw (2 January 2020). "Renfe upgrades Euromed high-speed service". International Railway Journal. Archived from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
David Briginshaw (22 January 2018). "Spanish premier inaugurates Valencia – Castellón HS extension". International Railway Journal. Retrieved 16 April 2020.

railtech.com

"Renfe inaugurates new high-speed line". railtech.com. 19 July 2022. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
"Renfe plans to run new trains to France before summer following end of SNCF cooperation". railtech.com. 11 January 2023.
Augusteijn, Nick (7 March 2023). "Renfe counting down to new high-speed connections". www.railtech.com. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2023.

railvolution.net

"Iryo To Andalucía". Railvolution. 31 March 2023. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2023.

railwaygazette.com

DVV Media UK. "Boring begins beneath Madrid". Railway Gazette International.
"EU co-financing for Galician high speed line". Railway Gazette International. 27 January 2020. Archived from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
"Ourense - A Coruña broad gauge high speed line opens". Railway Gazette International. 23 December 2011. Archived from the original on 11 December 2013. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
"High speed services between France and Spain launched". Railway Gazette International. 17 December 2013. Archived from the original on 31 March 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
"High speed line opens between Barcelona and Figueres". Railway Gazette International. 8 January 2013. Archived from the original on 18 January 2013. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
"Perpignan–Figueres link inaugurated". Railway Gazette International. 27 January 2011. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
"Nîmes – Montpellier bypass carries first freight". Railway Gazette International. 13 December 2017. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
DVV Media UK. "High speed line opens between Barcelona and Figueres". Railway Gazette International. Archived from the original on 2013-01-18. Retrieved 2013-01-08.
"Granada joins the AVE network". Railway Gazette International. 25 June 2019. Archived from the original on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
"High speed concession plan". Railwaygazette.com. 25 August 2010. Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
"Railway Gazette: Madrid — Valencia high speed line opening dates confirmed". Retrieved 16 October 2010.
International2024-03-17T05:00:00+00:00, Railway Gazette. "High speed rail bypass contract awarded". Railway Gazette International. Archived from the original on 2024-05-11. Retrieved 2024-05-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
"Barcelona – Valencia trains accelerated as Vandellòs cut-off opens". www.railwaygazette.com. 16 January 2020. Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
"Pointers December 2009". Railway Gazette International. London. 6 December 2009. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
"High speed programme axed". Railwaygazette.com. Archived from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
"ESI funds to improve Madrid – Lisboa connection". Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
Railway Gazette International, https://www.railwaygazette.com/in-depth/high-speed-open-access-comes-to-spain/56641.article Archived 2020-07-27 at the Wayback Machine

rave.pt

"Alta Velocidade em Síntese" (in Portuguese). Rave.pt. Archived from the original on 4 October 2010. Retrieved 24 September 2010.

renfe.com

"Our Trains". www.renfe.com. Archived from the original on 9 November 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
"El AVE Madrid-Murcia comenzará el servicio comercial el próximo 20 de diciembre". Renfe. 12 December 2022. Archived from the original on 20 December 2022. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
"Renfe places AVE (high-speed) tickets on sale in France". Renfe. 21 June 2023. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
"Renfe Timetables". Renfe. Archived from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
"Mapas de líneas". Renfe. Archived from the original on 12 May 2023. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
"Alvia". Renfe. Archived from the original on 20 November 2022. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
"Renfe pondrá a la venta el 2 de noviembre los nuevos billetes Asturias-Madrid, con una oferta de lanzamiento a partir de 18 euros". Renfe. 25 October 2023. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
"Renfe programa la conexión directa en AVE de Burgos con Valencia". Renfe. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
shuttle + TGV Archived 4 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine Spanish railways website
Joan Miró Trenhotel Archived 4 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine Spanish railways website

roadsbridges.com

Arribas, David. Closing the Mouth Archived 2021-10-22 at the Wayback Machine. Roads & Bridges, Arlington Heights, Illinois. 6 September 2016.

spanishnewstoday.com

"New AVE high speed train service to Palencia and Leon opens". ADIF. 29 September 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.

structurae.net

"Almonte River Viaduct". structurae.net. Archived from the original on 2024-08-22. Retrieved 2023-05-07.

telemadrid.es

"Las obras de duplicación de vía entre Atocha y Torrejón de Velasco finalizarán en 2018". www.telemadrid.es (in Spanish). 9 February 2017. Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.

theguardian.com

"Portugal's cutbacks halt high-speed train to Spain". The Guardian. London. 5 July 2011. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 27 October 2011.

thinkspain.com

"AVE rail connection between Barcelona and Paris to open in December". thinkspain.com. Archived from the original on 2016-01-22. Retrieved 2023-05-07.

trenvista.net

Bustos, Miguel (8 February 2022). "Comienzan las pruebas de fiabilidad del túnel Atocha-Chamartín para alta velocidad". Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2022.

typicallyspanish.com

"King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofía open the AVE high speed train line between Madrid and Valencia". Typically Spanish. Malaga. 19 December 2010. Archived from the original on 23 December 2010. Retrieved 19 December 2010.

vozpopuli.com

Pozo, Raúl (23 August 2017). "Infraestructuras - El AVE a Extremadura se eterniza: Fomento encarga ahora el estudio para el tramo Madrid-Cáceres". Vozpópuli. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2023.

web.archive.org

"Red de Alta Velocidad". ADIF. Archived from the original on 20 December 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
Ferropedia. LAV Madrid-Sevilla Archived 2019-09-15 at the Wayback Machine.
"Our Trains". www.renfe.com. Archived from the original on 9 November 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
"Fomento culmina la obra de alta velocidad entre Sevilla y Cádiz". lavozdigital.es (in Spanish). October 2015. Archived from the original on 2016-06-03. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
"Antequera se sube al AVE". Diario Sur (in Spanish). 24 October 2010. Archived from the original on 30 August 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2019.
Comorera, Ramon (12 March 2012). "Doble aislante de vibraciones en las obras de Gaudí" [Double Isolation of Vibrations at the Gaudí constructions]. El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
"Map of the tunnel route and details if the railway equipment in the tunnel in a PDF in El Periodico" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-10-27. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
"Spain completes Iberia's high-speed link to Europe". International Railway Journal. 8 January 2013. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
S. Baquero, Camilo (7 June 2016). "Adif paró la obra en La Sagrera tras detectar irregularidades" [Adif suspended La Sagrera works after detecting irregularities]. El País (in Spanish). Barcelona. Archived from the original on 17 June 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
Palmer, Jordi (12 March 2024). "La Sagrera: Barcelona's future "station of stations" begins to take shape". Barcelona: www.elnacional.cat. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
Felipe, Santiago (17 April 2024). "Renfe estrenará los nuevos Avril el 21 de mayo con nueve servicios que atravesarán Castilla y León hacia Asturias y Galicia". www.larazon.es (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
"Felipe VI inaugura el AVE a Burgos más de una década después del inicio de las obras". www.heraldo.es (in Spanish). 21 July 2022. Archived from the original on 24 July 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
Chris King (20 December 2021). "AVE links Madrid with Galicia after 20 years". euroweeklynews.com. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
"EU co-financing for Galician high speed line". Railway Gazette International. 27 January 2020. Archived from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
"Ourense - A Coruña broad gauge high speed line opens". Railway Gazette International. 23 December 2011. Archived from the original on 11 December 2013. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
"Ábalos destaca la inversión de 898 millones en el nuevo tramo del AVE a Galicia". www.elnortedecastilla.es. 26 October 2020. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
"Las obras para la llegada del AVE a Galicia están ejecutadas en un 92,7% del presupuesto". www.laopinioncoruna.es (in Spanish). 21 June 2019. Archived from the original on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
"High speed lines Madrid-Galicia line Zamora-Lubián–Ourense and Ourense-Santiago". ADIF. Archived from the original on 23 September 2010. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
Richard Clinnick (2021-12-23). "Renfe launches Madrid – Galicia high-speed service". International Railway Journal. Archived from the original on 2021-12-27. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
Fernando Puente (20 April 2015). "Spain inaugurates Galicia high-speed line". International Railway Journal. Archived from the original on 8 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
"Fase final de las obras del Eje Atlántico y de la nueva estación de Vigo-Urzáiz". fomento.gob.es. 30 March 2015. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
Europa Press (10 December 2010). "Diplomáticos y periodistas extranjeros conocen el AVE a Valencia en un viaje de simulación". europapress.es. Archived from the original on 13 December 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
"King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofía open the AVE high speed train line between Madrid and Valencia". Typically Spanish. Malaga. 19 December 2010. Archived from the original on 23 December 2010. Retrieved 19 December 2010.
Pablo García (22 January 2018). "Una avería para en Sagunto el AVE Madrid-Castellón en su estreno con Rajoy a bordo". El Independiente. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
JANDRO ROURES (17 January 2018). "Rajoy inaugurará el lunes el AVE Castellón-Madrid que empezará a circular el martes con 4 trenes diarios". elmundo.es. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
"La Moncloa. 01/02/2021. Pedro Sánchez highlights government's commitment to cohesion and territorial structure [President/News]". www.lamoncloa.gob.es. Archived from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
"El AVE Madrid-Murcia comenzará el servicio comercial el próximo 20 de diciembre". Renfe. 12 December 2022. Archived from the original on 20 December 2022. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
"Líneas de alta velocidad, Línea Madrid - Castilla La Mancha - Comunidad Valenciana - Región de Murcia". ADIF. Archived from the original on 31 January 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
"High speed lines Madrid — Castilla La Mancha — Valencian Community — Region of Murcia line". ADIF. Archived from the original on 23 September 2010. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
"High speed services between France and Spain launched". Railway Gazette International. 17 December 2013. Archived from the original on 31 March 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
"Paris-Barcelona TGVs set for December 15 launch". International Railway Journal. 28 November 2013. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
"High speed line opens between Barcelona and Figueres". Railway Gazette International. 8 January 2013. Archived from the original on 18 January 2013. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
"Barcelona-Figueres HS line to open January 7". International Railway Journal. 12 December 2012. Archived from the original on 12 February 2013. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
"Perpignan–Figueres link inaugurated". Railway Gazette International. 27 January 2011. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
"Nîmes – Montpellier bypass carries first freight". Railway Gazette International. 13 December 2017. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
"Fomento presenta obras para agilizar en Madrid tráfico de AVE a la Comunitat". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 9 February 2017. Archived from the original on 24 August 2017. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
"Las obras de duplicación de vía entre Atocha y Torrejón de Velasco finalizarán en 2018". www.telemadrid.es (in Spanish). 9 February 2017. Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
Pablo García (26 March 2020). "Adif retrasa la apertura del túnel de AVE en Chamartín y Atocha por el coronavirus". La informacion (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
Alberto Ortega (9 November 2021). "El túnel entre Atocha y Chamartín conectará los AVE de toda España a partir del primer trimestre de 2022". EuropaPress (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 23 February 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
Bustos, Miguel (8 February 2022). "Comienzan las pruebas de fiabilidad del túnel Atocha-Chamartín para alta velocidad". Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
"Atocha - Chamartín tunnel opens in Madrid on July 1". 1 July 2022. Archived from the original on 2 June 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
"Renfe places AVE (high-speed) tickets on sale in France". Renfe. 21 June 2023. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
"Renfe Timetables". Renfe. Archived from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
"Mapas de líneas". Renfe. Archived from the original on 12 May 2023. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
"Alvia". Renfe. Archived from the original on 20 November 2022. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
"Avlo". Renfe. Archived from the original on 5 May 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
"Iryo makes inaugural run". International Railway Journal. 25 November 2022. Archived from the original on 26 November 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
"Ouigo España". Ouigo. Archived from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
"Renfe pondrá a la venta el 2 de noviembre los nuevos billetes Asturias-Madrid, con una oferta de lanzamiento a partir de 18 euros". Renfe. 25 October 2023. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
"Velocidades máximas de los trenes y de las líneas" Archived 2023-05-01 at the Wayback Machine (maximum speeds of the trains and of the lines), last updated on 10 December 2022, accessed on 27 April 2023.
"El primer tramo de la Alta Velocidad a Extremadura se estrena en plena ola de indignación por los incendios". cincodias.elpais.com (in Spanish). Madrid. 18 July 2022. Archived from the original on 18 July 2022. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
"Renfe inaugurates new high-speed line". railtech.com. 19 July 2022. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
"Infraestructuras y Estaciones. Líneas de Alta Velocidad". Adif. Archived from the original on 1 July 2011.
C. Prego (15 April 2015). "Renfe estrena el Eje Atlántico el sábado con una rebaja del 50% en las tarifas". La Opinion A Coruña. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
"High-Speed Lines León — Palencia Line". ADIF. Archived from the original on 23 September 2010. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
"Fast tracks: Renfe links Murcia-Burgos". Euro Weekly News. euroweeklynews.com. 10 April 2024. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
"AVLO, Renfe's first low cost train in Spain". Mediarail.be - Rail Europe News. 12 December 2019. Archived from the original on 8 May 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
"Iryo To Andalucía". Railvolution. 31 March 2023. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
Fernández Magariño, Javier (22 September 2020). "SNCF estrenará la alta velocidad Ouigo en España el 15 de marzo con 10.000 billetes a 1 euro" (in Spanish). cincodias.elpais.com. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
DVV Media UK. "High speed line opens between Barcelona and Figueres". Railway Gazette International. Archived from the original on 2013-01-18. Retrieved 2013-01-08.
Fernando Puente (10 December 2012). "Barcelona - Figueres HS line to open January 7". railjournal.com. Archived from the original on 12 February 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2012.
shuttle + TGV Archived 4 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine Spanish railways website
Joan Miró Trenhotel Archived 4 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine Spanish railways website
"AVE rail connection between Barcelona and Paris to open in December". thinkspain.com. Archived from the original on 2016-01-22. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
"Renfe pone en marcha un tren AVE directo por sentido entre Huesca y Córdoba y Sevilla que circulará a diario". cadenaser.com (in Spanish). 22 March 2024. Archived from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
Bolland, Enrique (9 April 2024). "Renfe acerca las capitales de Castilla y León a València y Alicante a bajo precio". www.lavanguardia.com (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 18 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
Clinnick, Richard (18 January 2022). "Avlo set to launch Madrid – Valencia HS services next month". www.railjournal.com. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
"Los Reyes inaugurarán el AVE a Valencia, y los Príncipes la conexión a Albacete". Europa Press (in Spanish). 10 December 2010. Archived from the original on 10 April 2014.
Augusteijn, Nick (7 March 2023). "Renfe counting down to new high-speed connections". www.railtech.com. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
"Ouigo conectará desde hoy Valladolid con Madrid" (in Spanish). www.negocios.com. 18 April 2024. Archived from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
"Renfe incorpora los trenes Avant en la línea Alicante-Murcia: 50 minutos de viaje y cuatro paradas". alicanteplaza.es (in Spanish). 14 December 2022. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
King, Chris (1 June 2023). "Renfe's Avlo high-speed trains start connecting Andalucia with Madrid from €7 one-way". euroweeklynews.com. Archived from the original on 17 July 2024. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
"Los viajes en AVE a Málaga y Sevilla se estrenan esta semana, con transbordo en Antequera y Córdoba". www.ideal.es. 24 June 2019. Archived from the original on 27 June 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
"Granada joins the AVE network". Railway Gazette International. 25 June 2019. Archived from the original on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
David Briginshaw (2 January 2020). "Renfe upgrades Euromed high-speed service". International Railway Journal. Archived from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
"El trayecto en tren entre Barcelona y València se reducirá más de media hora". La Vanguardia. 2 January 2020. Archived from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
Muñiz, Ramón (9 January 2023). "Las obras para culminar la alta velocidad entre León y Asturias necesitarán al menos otros dos años" (in Spanish). www.leonoticias.com. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
"Las obras del AVE a Vitoria, como pronto en 2027". diariodeburgos.es (in Spanish). 3 March 2023. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
"Las obras del AVE a Reinosa comenzarán en 2023" (in Spanish). www.elcomarcaldecampoo.com. 1 July 2021. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
Grimaldi, Alberto (17 November 2022). "El tramo Almería-Granada, principal problema para terminar el Corredor Mediterráneo". www.diariodesevilla.es (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
"Finalizan obras del tramo Grañena-Jaén de línea Alta Velocidad Madrid-Jaén". www.lavanguardia.com (in Spanish). 4 March 2020. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
"La Junta Directiva de AVE visita La Encina: las obras del Corredor avanzan pero no al ritmo deseado" (in Spanish). alicanteplaza.es. 13 February 2023. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
"Excavation of Murcia-Almeria high-speed AVE train tunnel gets underway". Murcia Today. 24 August 2022. Archived from the original on 30 December 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
Sánchez Rodríguez, Rocío (3 January 2021). "Extremadura: AVE con destino a 2030". El Periódico Extremadura. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
Alonso, Jorge (10 April 2023). "Nueva línea AVE Navarra-Zaragoza: el acceso por Plaza costaría un 41% menos que por Casetas". www.heraldo.es (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
Muñiz, Ramón (6 September 2022). "León-La Robla: Transportes calcula que los trenes llegarán a los 250 kilómetros por hora dentro de la variante" (in Spanish). www.elcomercio.es. Archived from the original on 6 September 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
"High-Speed Lines Valladolid — Burgos — Vitoria Line". ADIF. Archived from the original on 23 September 2010. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
"High Speed Lines Vitoria — Bilbao — San Sebastián Line". ADIF. Archived from the original on 23 September 2010. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
"Eusko Jaurlaritzak eta Estatuko Administrazio Orokorrak Euskal Y-aren eraikuntzarako hitzarmena aldatu eta enkomenda eguneratuko dute". www.irekia.euskadi.eus (in Basque). 23 December 2017. Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
"High speed concession plan". Railwaygazette.com. 25 August 2010. Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
"Comienzan las obras de la linea del AVE entre Amusco y Osorno" (in Spanish). www.europapress.es. 8 November 2021. Archived from the original on 20 November 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
"Adif lleva al BOE la licitación por 109 millones del tramo Calahorra de Boedo-Alar del Rey del AVE a Santander". www.ondacero.es (in Spanish). 12 December 2022. Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
"The new HSL between Albacete and Alicante opened on June the 18th (translation)" (PDF). formento.es (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-10-26. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
"High-speed Lines Antequera — Granada". ADIF. Archived from the original on 23 September 2010. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
"3 horas y 35 minutos de Huelva a Almería". juntadeandalucia.es. 22 January 2010. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
International2024-03-17T05:00:00+00:00, Railway Gazette. "High speed rail bypass contract awarded". Railway Gazette International. Archived from the original on 2024-05-11. Retrieved 2024-05-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
"AVE - Seville to Antequera". www.andalucia.com. 13 July 2018. Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
"Barcelona – Valencia trains accelerated as Vandellòs cut-off opens". www.railwaygazette.com. 16 January 2020. Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
"The Mediterranean Rail Corridor will be a reality in 2020". Catalan news agency. 17 March 2011. Archived from the original on 18 November 2015. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
Ballester, Laura (15 November 2019). "El retraso del AVE entre València y Xàtiva obliga a invertir un millón en mantener la catenaria". levante-emv.com (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
Martínez, David; Serrano, Pablo (29 November 2019). "El nudo de la Encina se 'deshace': tres años de obras para tener en marcha el AVE regional". alicanteplaza.es (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
"La obra del AVE se atasca en La Encina". www.levante-emv.com (in Spanish). 6 May 2008. Archived from the original on 29 December 2023. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
"High Speed Lines Madrid — Extremadura — Portuguese Border line". ADIF. Archived from the original on 23 September 2010. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
"Alta Velocidade em Síntese" (in Portuguese). Rave.pt. Archived from the original on 4 October 2010. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
"Portugal's cutbacks halt high-speed train to Spain". The Guardian. London. 5 July 2011. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 27 October 2011.
"High speed programme axed". Railwaygazette.com. Archived from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
"ESI funds to improve Madrid – Lisboa connection". Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
Pozo, Raúl (23 August 2017). "Infraestructuras - El AVE a Extremadura se eterniza: Fomento encarga ahora el estudio para el tramo Madrid-Cáceres". Vozpópuli. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
"Almonte River Viaduct". structurae.net. Archived from the original on 2024-08-22. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
Arribas, David. Closing the Mouth Archived 2021-10-22 at the Wayback Machine. Roads & Bridges, Arlington Heights, Illinois. 6 September 2016.
"Adjudicado el Estudio Informativo del proyecto línea ferroviaria de alta velocidad Madrid-Extremadura. Tramo: Madrid-Oropesa". Federación Castellano Manchega de Amigos del Ferrocarril (http://www.fcmaf.es) (in Spanish). Ciudad Real. 16 February 2018. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
"Mitma aprueba provisionalmente el Estudio Informativo del proyecto de la línea ferroviaria de Alta Velocidad Madrid-Extremadura, tramo Madrid-Oropesa". Ministerio de Transportes, Movilidad y Agenda Urbana (in Spanish). Madrid. 24 November 2020. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
"Ábalos fecha la puesta en servicio del tren de alta velocidad entre Plasencia y Mérida a finales de 2021". elperiodicoextremadura.com (in Spanish). 29 January 2021. Archived from the original on 10 February 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
"Interview with Raul Miguez Bailo, Deputy Director of Adif". www.railfreight.com. 29 March 2019. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
"El AVE llegará a Navarra en el 2023 mientras el eje riojano acumula cinco años de retraso". www.larioja.com (in Spanish). 29 May 2017. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
"Strategic Infrastructures and Transport Plan (PEIT)". Archived from the original on 26 June 2010. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
Clara Alba (20 May 2021). "Las obras para conectar el AVE con Barajas comenzarán en 2022". www.elcorreo.com. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
"El AVE del Cantábrico unirá Ferrol y Bilbao en menos de dos horas". La voz de Galicia. 25 January 2003. Archived from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
Ramón Muñiz (29 May 2015). "Pastor aprueba el plan de infraestructuras que promete un AVE por la costa antes de 2024". GIJÓN: elcomercio.es. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
"El AVE unirá en cuatro horas el Cantábrico y el Mediterráneo". El País. 4 November 2009. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
Dr. Jaap Vleugel (October 2006). "Natural cross-border barriers to the development of Trans-European Transport Networks" (PDF) (Press release). Brussels: EUROPEAN UNION Committee of the Regions. Delft University of Technology. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
"Trans-Pyrenean Central Corridor, Spain - France". Environmental Justice Atlas. 26 January 2015. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
Railway Gazette International, https://www.railwaygazette.com/in-depth/high-speed-open-access-comes-to-spain/56641.article Archived 2020-07-27 at the Wayback Machine
"Total de viajeros por tipo, medio de transporte (terrestre, aéreo y maritimo) y distancia(20239)". INE (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2024-08-22. Retrieved 2024-06-05.