High-voltage direct current (English Wikipedia)

Donald G. Fink and H. Wayne Beaty (August 25, 2006). Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers. McGraw-Hill Professional. pp. 14–37 equation 14–56. ISBN 978-0-07-144146-9.

awea.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Green Power Superhighways: Building a Path to America's Clean Energy Future Archived 2017-04-20 at the Wayback Machine, February 2009

bloomberg.com (Global: 99^th place; English: 77^th place)

"The Future of Power Is Transcontinental, Submarine Supergrids". Bloomberg.com. 2021-06-09. Retrieved 2021-09-06.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Jos Arrillaga; Yonghe H. Liu; Neville R. Watson; Nicholas J. Murray (9 October 2009). Self-Commutating Converters for High Power Applications. John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-74682-0. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
Dorf, Richard C. (1997). The electrical engineering handbook (illustrated). The electrical engineering handbook series (2 ed.). p. 1343. ISBN 978-0-8493-8574-2.

claverton-energy.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Source works for a prominent UK engineering consultancy but has asked to remain anonymous and is a member of Claverton Energy Research Group
Gregor Czisch (2008-10-24). "Low Cost but Totally Renewable Electricity Supply for a Huge Supply Area – a European/Trans-European Example –" (PDF). 2008 Claverton Energy Conference. University of Kassel. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-04. Retrieved 2008-07-16. The paper was presented at the Claverton Energy conference in Bath, 24 October 2008. Paper Synopsis
Myth of technical un-feasibility of complex multi-terminal HVDC and ideological barriers to inter-country power exchanges – Czisch | Claverton Group. Claverton-energy.com. Retrieved on 2011-04-09.
European Super Grid and renewable energy power imports – "ludicrous to suggest this would make Europe more vulnerable" – ? | Claverton Group. Claverton-energy.com. Retrieved on 2011-04-09.
"David Strahan "Green Grids" New Scientist 12 March 2009".

cleanlineenergy.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"HVDC Transmission Projects | Clean Line Energy Partners".

dnvgl.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Three terminal VSC HVDC in China Archived February 8, 2014, at the Wayback Machine

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Hingorani, N.G. (1996). "High-voltage DC transmission: a power electronics workhorse". IEEE Spectrum. 33 (4): 63–72. Bibcode:1996IEEES..33d..63H. doi:10.1109/6.486634.
Guarnieri, M. (2013). "The Alternating Evolution of DC Power Transmission". IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine. 7 (3): 60–63. Bibcode:2013IIEM....7c..60G. doi:10.1109/MIE.2013.2272238. S2CID 23610440.
European Commission. Joint Research Centre. Institute for Energy Transport (2017-04-28). HVDC submarine power cables in the world: state-of-the-art knowledge (PDF). Publications Office of the European Union. doi:10.2790/023689. ISBN 978-92-79-52785-2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-07-14. Retrieved 2021-02-24.
Davidson, C.C.; Preedy, R.M.; Cao, J.; Zhou, C.; Fu, J. (October 2010). Ultra-High-Power Thyristor Valves for HVDC in Developing Countries. 9th International Conference on AC/DC Power Transmission. London: IET. doi:10.1049/cp.2010.0974.
Itiki, Rodney; Manjrekar, Madhav; Di Santo, Silvio Giuseppe; Machado, Luis Fernando M. (November 2020). "Technical feasibility of Japan-Taiwan-Philippines HVdc interconnector to the Asia Pacific Super Grid". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 133 110161. Bibcode:2020RSERv.13310161I. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.110161. S2CID 224858553.

eepower.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"An In-depth Comparison of HVDC and HVAC". Retrieved 2024-03-10.

elsevier.com (Global: 610^th place; English: 704^th place)

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Itiki, Rodney; Manjrekar, Madhav; Di Santo, Silvio Giuseppe; Machado, Luis Fernando M. (November 2020). "Technical feasibility of Japan-Taiwan-Philippines HVdc interconnector to the Asia Pacific Super Grid". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 133 110161. Bibcode:2020RSERv.13310161I. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.110161. S2CID 224858553.

energy.gov (Global: 2,081^st place; English: 1,387^th place)

"Connecting the Country with HVDC".

europa.eu (Global: 68^th place; English: 117^th place)

publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu

European Commission. Joint Research Centre. Institute for Energy Transport (2017-04-28). HVDC submarine power cables in the world: state-of-the-art knowledge (PDF). Publications Office of the European Union. doi:10.2790/023689. ISBN 978-92-79-52785-2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-07-14. Retrieved 2021-02-24.

fieldboss.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Comparing Power Transmission Capacities: Why Overhead HVDC Lines Carry More Power Than Underground Cables". fieldboss.com.

freepatentsonline.com (Global: 5,449^th place; English: 3,875^th place)

"Current modulation of direct current transmission lines - BARTHOLD LIONEL O." FPO IP Research & Communities. March 30, 2004. Retrieved July 19, 2018.

gov.cn (Global: 1,676^th place; English: 4,796^th place)

"均为世界之最！"一交一直"两大特高压工程投运_滚动新闻_中国政府网". www.gov.cn. Retrieved 2025-04-21.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Hingorani, N.G. (1996). "High-voltage DC transmission: a power electronics workhorse". IEEE Spectrum. 33 (4): 63–72. Bibcode:1996IEEES..33d..63H. doi:10.1109/6.486634.
Guarnieri, M. (2013). "The Alternating Evolution of DC Power Transmission". IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine. 7 (3): 60–63. Bibcode:2013IIEM....7c..60G. doi:10.1109/MIE.2013.2272238. S2CID 23610440.
Itiki, Rodney; Manjrekar, Madhav; Di Santo, Silvio Giuseppe; Machado, Luis Fernando M. (November 2020). "Technical feasibility of Japan-Taiwan-Philippines HVdc interconnector to the Asia Pacific Super Grid". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 133 110161. Bibcode:2020RSERv.13310161I. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.110161. S2CID 224858553.

hitachienergy.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"HVDC Light® (VSC) | Hitachi Energy". www.hitachienergy.com. Retrieved 2025-03-09.

ieee-pes.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

magazine.ieee-pes.org

[1] Archived 2015-09-04 at the Wayback Machine website

ieee.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Developments in multterminal HVDC, retrieved 2014 March 17" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-08-03. Retrieved 2014-03-28.

ieee.org (Global: 652^nd place; English: 515^th place)

IEEE – IEEE History Center Archived March 6, 2006, at the Wayback Machine

liu.se (Global: 9,195^th place; English: 7,457^th place)

tema.liu.se

""Shaping the Tools of Competitive Power"" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 August 2005.

myinsulators.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"ACW's Insulator Info – Book Reference Info – History of Electrical Systems and Cables".

ncsu.edu (Global: 2,542^nd place; English: 1,675^th place)

lib.ncsu.edu

Ghazal, Falahi (5 December 2014). "Design, Modeling and Control of Modular Multilevel Converter based HVDC Systems. - NCSU Digital Repository". www.lib.ncsu.edu. Retrieved 2016-04-17.

rmst.co.il (Global: low place; English: low place)

""HVDC TransmissionF"" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 April 2008.

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Basslink project Archived September 13, 2003, at the Wayback Machine

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Guarnieri, M. (2013). "The Alternating Evolution of DC Power Transmission". IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine. 7 (3): 60–63. Bibcode:2013IIEM....7c..60G. doi:10.1109/MIE.2013.2272238. S2CID 23610440.
Itiki, Rodney; Manjrekar, Madhav; Di Santo, Silvio Giuseppe; Machado, Luis Fernando M. (November 2020). "Technical feasibility of Japan-Taiwan-Philippines HVdc interconnector to the Asia Pacific Super Grid". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 133 110161. Bibcode:2020RSERv.13310161I. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.110161. S2CID 224858553.

sgcc.com.cn (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Changji-Guquan ±1,100 kV UHV DC Transmission Project Starts Power Transmission". SGCC. Archived from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 26 January 2020.

siemens.com (Global: 4,145^th place; English: 4,190^th place)

press.siemens.com

"Siemens overhauls 15 converter transformers at Cahora Bassa HVDC link in Mozambique". Press. 2019-06-27. Retrieved 2023-12-14.

siemens.com

"HVDC Factsheet from Siemens" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-07-30.

spiegel.de (Global: 66^th place; English: 350^th place)

Schulz, Matthias, "Germany's Offshore Fiasco North Sea Wind Offensive Plagued by Problems", Der Spiegel, September 04, 2012. "The HVDC converter stations are causing the biggest problems." Retrieved 2012-11-13.

tdworld.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"StackPath". 11 January 2017.

transpower.co.nz (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Pole 1 decommissioned | Transpower". www.transpower.co.nz. Archived from the original on 2021-10-03. Retrieved 2025-10-07.

uni-kassel.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

iset.uni-kassel.de

Gregor Czisch (2008-10-24). "Low Cost but Totally Renewable Electricity Supply for a Huge Supply Area – a European/Trans-European Example –" (PDF). 2008 Claverton Energy Conference. University of Kassel. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-04. Retrieved 2008-07-16. The paper was presented at the Claverton Energy conference in Bath, 24 October 2008. Paper Synopsis

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

""Shaping the Tools of Competitive Power"" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 August 2005.
""HVDC TransmissionF"" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 April 2008.
IEEE – IEEE History Center Archived March 6, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
European Commission. Joint Research Centre. Institute for Energy Transport (2017-04-28). HVDC submarine power cables in the world: state-of-the-art knowledge (PDF). Publications Office of the European Union. doi:10.2790/023689. ISBN 978-92-79-52785-2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-07-14. Retrieved 2021-02-24.
"SAPEI | References | ABB". Archived from the original on 2017-04-15. Retrieved 2017-02-03.
ABB HVDC Archived 2009-08-13 at the Wayback Machine website
[1] Archived 2015-09-04 at the Wayback Machine website
"HVDC Classic reliability and availability". ABB. Archived from the original on March 30, 2010. Retrieved 2019-06-14.
"The HVDC Transmission Québec–New England". ABB Asea Brown Boveri. Archived from the original on March 5, 2011. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Callavik, Magnus; Blomberg, Anders; Häfner, Jürgen; Jacobson, Björn (November 2012), The Hybrid HVDC Breaker: An innovation breakthrough for reliable HVDC grids (PDF), ABB Grid Systems, archived from the original (PDF) on 3 February 2013, retrieved 18 November 2012
Spain to invest heavily in transmission grid upgrades over next five years|CSP Today^[usurped]. Social.csptoday.com (2010-04-01). Retrieved on 2011-04-09.
"Pole 1 decommissioned | Transpower". www.transpower.co.nz. Archived from the original on 2021-10-03. Retrieved 2025-10-07.
Basslink project Archived September 13, 2003, at the Wayback Machine
Three terminal VSC HVDC in China Archived February 8, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
"Developments in multterminal HVDC, retrieved 2014 March 17" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-08-03. Retrieved 2014-03-28.
Gregor Czisch (2008-10-24). "Low Cost but Totally Renewable Electricity Supply for a Huge Supply Area – a European/Trans-European Example –" (PDF). 2008 Claverton Energy Conference. University of Kassel. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-04. Retrieved 2008-07-16. The paper was presented at the Claverton Energy conference in Bath, 24 October 2008. Paper Synopsis
Green Power Superhighways: Building a Path to America's Clean Energy Future Archived 2017-04-20 at the Wayback Machine, February 2009
"HVDC Factsheet from Siemens" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-07-30.
"Changji-Guquan ±1,100 kV UHV DC Transmission Project Starts Power Transmission". SGCC. Archived from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
"ABB wins orders of over $300 million for world's first 1,100 kV UHVDC power link in China". ABB. 2016-07-19. Archived from the original on 2018-02-24. Retrieved 2017-03-13.

High-voltage direct current (English Wikipedia)

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