Hikikomori (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Hikikomori" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

34nih.gov

4^th place

25doi.org

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16web.archive.org

1^st place

16worldcat.org

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7semanticscholar.org

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3bbc.com

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3bbc.co.uk

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2harvard.edu

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2japantimes.co.jp

389^th place

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2nippon.com

2,354^th place

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1youtube.com

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1joins.com

314^th place

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1cnn.com

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1npr.org

92^nd place

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1warscapes.com

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1fusion.net

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1vickery.dk

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1scientificamerican.com

896^th place

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1newsweek.pl

5,763^rd place

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1goethe.de

5,358^th place

7,287^th place

1newindianexpress.com

188^th place

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1sagepub.com

731^st place

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1straitstimes.com

543^rd place

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1lemonde.fr

83^rd place

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1theconversation.com

928^th place

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1dailymoscow.ru

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1psychologytoday.com

1,544^th place

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1aasa.ac.jp

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1jstor.org

26^th place

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1forbesindia.com

1,886^th place

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1nytimes.com

7^th place

1npo-lila.com

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1kumalanguage.com

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1japantoday.com

3,795^th place

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aasa.ac.jp

aska-r.aasa.ac.jp

Suwa & Hara 2007. Suwa, Mami; Hara, Koichi (2007). "'Hikikomori' among Young Adults in Japan: The Importance of Differential Diagnosis between Primary Hikikomori and Hikikomori with High-functioning Pervasive Developmental Disorders" (PDF). 医療福祉研究 [Medical and Welfare Research]. 3: 94–101. ISSN 1349-7863. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2013. Retrieved 7 September 2017.

bbc.co.uk

Kim, Hyunjung; Ng, Kelly (23 May 2023). "Hikikomori: Why S Korea is paying young recluses to leave home". BBC News. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
"BBC World Hacks: 'Rental Sisters' for Japan's Reclusive Young Men". BBC. 16 October 2018. Retrieved 7 August 2024.

news.bbc.co.uk

"BBC NEWS – Programmes – Correspondent – Japan: The Missing Million". 20 October 2002. Archived from the original on 11 March 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2016.

bbc.com

Kremer, William; Hammond, Claudia (5 July 2003). "Hikikomori: Why are so many Japanese men refusing to leave their rooms?". BBC News. BBC. Archived from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
"Hikikomori: Why S Korea is paying young recluses to leave home". 26 May 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
Gent, Edd (29 January 2019). "The plight of Japan's modern hermits". BBC News. Archived from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 29 March 2019.

cnn.com

Jozuka, Emiko (12 September 2016). "Why won't 541,000 young Japanese leave the house?". CNN News. Archived from the original on 11 November 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2018.

dailymoscow.ru

Андрей Голубь (21 December 2015). "Тяжелая жизнь хикикомори в России". Daily Moscow (in Russian). Retrieved 13 November 2023.

doi.org

Bowker, Julie C.; Bowker, Matthew H.; Santo, Jonathan B.; Ojo, Adesola Adebusola; Etkin, Rebecca G.; Raja, Radhi (2019). "Severe Social Withdrawal: Cultural Variation in Past Hikikomori Experiences of University Students in Nigeria, Singapore, and the United States". The Journal of Genetic Psychology. 180 (4–5): 217–230. doi:10.1080/00221325.2019.1633618. PMID 31305235. S2CID 196616453.
Hamasaki, Yukiko; Pionnié-Dax, Nancy; Dorard, Géraldine; Tajan, Nicolas; Hikida, Takatoshi (2020). "Identifying Social Withdrawal (Hikikomori) Factors in Adolescents: Understanding the Hikikomori Spectrum". Child Psychiatry & Human Development. 52 (5): 808–817. doi:10.1007/s10578-020-01064-8. PMC 8405474. PMID 32959142.
Malagón-Amor, Ángeles; Martín-López, Luis Miguel; Córcoles, David; González, Anna; Bellsolà, Magda; Teo, Alan R.; Bulbena, Antoni; Pérez, Víctor; Bergé, Daniel (2020). "Family Features of Social Withdrawal Syndrome (Hikikomori)". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 11: 138. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00138. PMC 7061609. PMID 32194459.
Ovejero, Santiago; Caro-Cañizares, Irene; de León-Martínez, Victoria; Baca-Garcia, Enrique (2014). "Prolonged social withdrawal disorder: A hikikomori case in Spain". International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 60 (6): 562–565. doi:10.1177/0020764013504560. PMID 24101742. S2CID 39990406.
Hayakawa, Kohei; Kato, Takahiro A.; Watabe, Motoki; Teo, Alan R.; Horikawa, Hideki; Kuwano, Nobuki; Shimokawa, Norihiro; Sato-Kasai, Mina; Kubo, Hiroaki; Ohgidani, Masahiro; Sagata, Noriaki; Toda, Hiroyuki; Tateno, Masaru; Shinfuku, Naotaka; Kishimoto, Junji; Kanba, Shigenobu (13 February 2018). "Blood biomarkers of Hikikomori, a severe social withdrawal syndrome". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 2884. Bibcode:2018NatSR...8.2884H. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-21260-w. PMC 5811600. PMID 29440704.
Teo & Gaw 2010; Teo et al. 2015, p. 182. Teo, Alan R.; Gaw, Albert (2010). "Hikikomori, a Japanese Culture-Bound Syndrome of Social Withdrawal? A Proposal for DSM-5". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 198 (6): 444–449. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181e086b1. PMC 4912003. PMID 20531124. Teo, Alan R.; Stufflebam, Kyle; Saha, Somnath; Fetters, Michael D.; Tateno, Masaru; Kanba, Shigenobu; Kato, Takahiro A. (2015). "Psychopathology Associated with Social Withdrawal: Idiopathic and Comorbid Presentations". Psychiatry Research. 228 (1): 182–183. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.04.033. ISSN 0165-1781. PMID 25977071. S2CID 8011082.
Stip, Emmanuel (3 March 2016). "Internet Addiction, Hikikomori Syndrome, and the Prodromal Phase of Psychosis". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 7: 6. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00006. PMC 4776119. PMID 26973544.
Teo 2013. Teo, Alan R. (2013). "Social Isolation Associated with Depression: A Case Report of Hikikomori". International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 59 (4): 339–341. doi:10.1177/0020764012437128. PMC 4886854. PMID 22408115.
Sakamoto, Noriyuki; Martin, Rodger G.; Kumano, Hiroaki; Kuboki, Tomifusa; Al-Adawi, Samir (2005). "Hikikomori, is it a Culture-Reactive or Culture-Bound Syndrome? Nidotherapy and a Clinical Vignette from Oman". The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine. 35 (2): 191–198. doi:10.2190/7WEQ-216D-TVNH-PQJ1. ISSN 0091-2174. PMID 16240975.
Malagón-Amor, Ángeles; Córcoles-Martínez, David; Martín-López, Luis M; Pérez-Solà, Víctor (2015). "Hikikomori in Spain: A descriptive study". International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 61 (5): 475–483. doi:10.1177/0020764014553003. PMID 25303955. S2CID 27277596.
Roza, Thiago; Kessler, Felix; Passos, Ives (24 August 2022). "Hikikomori in Brazil: Context, clinical characteristics, and challenges". International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 69 (4): 1059–1061. doi:10.1177/00207640221120363. PMID 36003018. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
Hu, Xinyue; Fan, Danhua; Shao, Yang (14 March 2022). "Social Withdrawal (Hikikomori) Conditions in China: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey". Frontiers in Psychology. 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.826945. PMC 8963962. PMID 35360625.
Kato, Takahiro A.; Kanba, Shigenobu; Teo, Alan R. (2018). "Hikikomori: experience in Japan and international relevance". World Psychiatry. 17 (1): 105–106. doi:10.1002/wps.20497. PMC 5775123. PMID 29352535.
Teo et al. 2015, p. 182. Teo, Alan R.; Stufflebam, Kyle; Saha, Somnath; Fetters, Michael D.; Tateno, Masaru; Kanba, Shigenobu; Kato, Takahiro A. (2015). "Psychopathology Associated with Social Withdrawal: Idiopathic and Comorbid Presentations". Psychiatry Research. 228 (1): 182–183. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.04.033. ISSN 0165-1781. PMID 25977071. S2CID 8011082.
Berman, Naomi; Rizzo, Flavio (9 November 2018). "Unlocking Hikikomori: an interdisciplinary approach". Journal of Youth Studies. 22 (6): 791–806. doi:10.1080/13676261.2018.1544416. ISSN 1367-6261. S2CID 150209926.
Rohlen 1989. Rohlen, Thomas P. (1989). "Order in Japanese Society: Attachment, Authority, and Routine". Journal of Japanese Studies. 15 (1): 5–40. doi:10.2307/132406. ISSN 0095-6848. JSTOR 132406.
Nonaka, Shunsuke; Shimada, Hironori; Sakai, Motohiro (16 January 2020). "Family Behavioral Repertoires and Family Interaction Influence the Adaptive Behaviors of Individuals With Hikikomori". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 10: 977. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00977. ISSN 1664-0640. PMC 6976530. PMID 32009999.
Kato, Takahiro A.; Sartorius, Norman; Shinfuku, Naotaka (27 July 2020). "Forced social isolation due to COVID-19 and consequent mental health problems: Lessons from hikikomori". Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 74 (9): 506–507. doi:10.1111/pcn.13112. ISSN 1323-1316. PMC 7404367. PMID 32654336.
Kubo, Hiroaki; Urata, Hiromi; Sakai, Motohiro; Nonaka, Shunsuke; Saito, Kazuhiko; Tateno, Masaru; Kobara, Keiji; Hashimoto, Naoki; Fujisawa, Daisuke; Suzuki, Yuriko; Otsuka, Kotaro (9 January 2020). "Development of 5-day hikikomori intervention program for family members: A single-arm pilot trial". Heliyon. 6 (1): e03011. Bibcode:2020Heliy...603011K. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03011. ISSN 2405-8440. PMC 6953643. PMID 31938741.
Nishida, Masaki; Kikuchi, Senichiro; Fukuda, Kazuhito; Kato, Satoshi (29 April 2016). "Jogging Therapy for Hikikomori Social Withdrawal and Increased Cerebral Hemodynamics: A Case Report". Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health. 12: 38–42. doi:10.2174/1745017901612010038. ISSN 1745-0179. PMC 4894832. PMID 27346999.
Ranieri, F.; Andreoli, M.; Bellagamba, E.; Franchi, E.; Mancini, F.; Pitti, L.; Sfameni, S.; Stoppielli, M. (March 2015). "Early Adolescence in Social Withdrawal: Two Hikikomori in Treatment". European Psychiatry. 30: 1198. doi:10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30941-x. ISSN 0924-9338. S2CID 143201325.
Wong, Paul W.C. (December 2020). "Potential changes to the hikikimori phenomenon in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic". Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 54: 102288. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102288. ISSN 1876-2018. PMC 7352106. PMID 32682300.
Rooksby, Maki; Furuhashi, Tadaaki; McLeod, Hamish J. (15 September 2020). "Hikikomori: a hidden mental health need following the COVID −19 pandemic". World Psychiatry. 19 (3): 399–400. doi:10.1002/wps.20804. ISSN 1723-8617. PMC 7491622. PMID 32931118.

dx.doi.org

Berman, Naomi; Rizzo, Flavio (9 November 2018). "Unlocking Hikikomori: an interdisciplinary approach". Journal of Youth Studies. 22 (6): 791–806. doi:10.1080/13676261.2018.1544416. ISSN 1367-6261. S2CID 150209926.
Ranieri, F.; Andreoli, M.; Bellagamba, E.; Franchi, E.; Mancini, F.; Pitti, L.; Sfameni, S.; Stoppielli, M. (March 2015). "Early Adolescence in Social Withdrawal: Two Hikikomori in Treatment". European Psychiatry. 30: 1198. doi:10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30941-x. ISSN 0924-9338. S2CID 143201325.

forbesindia.com

"The Hikikomori Phenomenon – Is Information Technology Really To Blame?". Forbes India. Retrieved 1 June 2024.

fusion.net

"Hikikomori: Japan's Lost Generation of Digital Age Hermits". Fusion. Archived from the original on 12 May 2017. Retrieved 11 May 2017.

goethe.de

"Ein rein japanisches Phänomen?". @GI_weltweit (in German). Retrieved 26 April 2023.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Hayakawa, Kohei; Kato, Takahiro A.; Watabe, Motoki; Teo, Alan R.; Horikawa, Hideki; Kuwano, Nobuki; Shimokawa, Norihiro; Sato-Kasai, Mina; Kubo, Hiroaki; Ohgidani, Masahiro; Sagata, Noriaki; Toda, Hiroyuki; Tateno, Masaru; Shinfuku, Naotaka; Kishimoto, Junji; Kanba, Shigenobu (13 February 2018). "Blood biomarkers of Hikikomori, a severe social withdrawal syndrome". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 2884. Bibcode:2018NatSR...8.2884H. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-21260-w. PMC 5811600. PMID 29440704.
Kubo, Hiroaki; Urata, Hiromi; Sakai, Motohiro; Nonaka, Shunsuke; Saito, Kazuhiko; Tateno, Masaru; Kobara, Keiji; Hashimoto, Naoki; Fujisawa, Daisuke; Suzuki, Yuriko; Otsuka, Kotaro (9 January 2020). "Development of 5-day hikikomori intervention program for family members: A single-arm pilot trial". Heliyon. 6 (1): e03011. Bibcode:2020Heliy...603011K. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03011. ISSN 2405-8440. PMC 6953643. PMID 31938741.

japantimes.co.jp

"613,000 in Japan aged 40 to 64 are recluses, says first government survey of hikikomori". The Japan Times Online. 29 March 2019. ISSN 0447-5763. Archived from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
Hoffman, Michael (9 October 2011). "Nonprofits in Japan help 'shut-ins' get out into the open". The Japan Times Online. Archived from the original on 28 July 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014.

japantoday.com

"The '8050 problem' – 'hikikomori' people entering 50s as parents on whom they rely enter their 80s". Japan Today. 14 November 2018.

joins.com

koreajoongangdaily.joins.com

"More Koreans become recluses". koreajoongangdaily.joins.com. 22 January 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2024.

jstor.org

Rohlen 1989. Rohlen, Thomas P. (1989). "Order in Japanese Society: Attachment, Authority, and Routine". Journal of Japanese Studies. 15 (1): 5–40. doi:10.2307/132406. ISSN 0095-6848. JSTOR 132406.

kumalanguage.com

"Hikikomori – Japan's Social Ghosts – Kuma Language Services". 18 July 2016. Archived from the original on 29 August 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2016.

lemonde.fr

Gozlan, Marc (9 June 2012). "Des cas d'hikikomori en France". Le Monde (in French). p. 3. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2017.

newindianexpress.com

Kumar, Sheila (15 March 2020). "Pulling inwards: The modern-day hermits". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 1 June 2024.

newsweek.pl

Cyrny, Wiktor (6 January 2019). "Ola nie wychodzi z pokoju odkąd skończyła 21 lat. Kim są polscy Hikikomori?". Newsweek (in Polish). Retrieved 11 February 2025.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bowker, Julie C.; Bowker, Matthew H.; Santo, Jonathan B.; Ojo, Adesola Adebusola; Etkin, Rebecca G.; Raja, Radhi (2019). "Severe Social Withdrawal: Cultural Variation in Past Hikikomori Experiences of University Students in Nigeria, Singapore, and the United States". The Journal of Genetic Psychology. 180 (4–5): 217–230. doi:10.1080/00221325.2019.1633618. PMID 31305235. S2CID 196616453.
Hamasaki, Yukiko; Pionnié-Dax, Nancy; Dorard, Géraldine; Tajan, Nicolas; Hikida, Takatoshi (2020). "Identifying Social Withdrawal (Hikikomori) Factors in Adolescents: Understanding the Hikikomori Spectrum". Child Psychiatry & Human Development. 52 (5): 808–817. doi:10.1007/s10578-020-01064-8. PMC 8405474. PMID 32959142.
Malagón-Amor, Ángeles; Martín-López, Luis Miguel; Córcoles, David; González, Anna; Bellsolà, Magda; Teo, Alan R.; Bulbena, Antoni; Pérez, Víctor; Bergé, Daniel (2020). "Family Features of Social Withdrawal Syndrome (Hikikomori)". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 11: 138. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00138. PMC 7061609. PMID 32194459.
Ovejero, Santiago; Caro-Cañizares, Irene; de León-Martínez, Victoria; Baca-Garcia, Enrique (2014). "Prolonged social withdrawal disorder: A hikikomori case in Spain". International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 60 (6): 562–565. doi:10.1177/0020764013504560. PMID 24101742. S2CID 39990406.
Hayakawa, Kohei; Kato, Takahiro A.; Watabe, Motoki; Teo, Alan R.; Horikawa, Hideki; Kuwano, Nobuki; Shimokawa, Norihiro; Sato-Kasai, Mina; Kubo, Hiroaki; Ohgidani, Masahiro; Sagata, Noriaki; Toda, Hiroyuki; Tateno, Masaru; Shinfuku, Naotaka; Kishimoto, Junji; Kanba, Shigenobu (13 February 2018). "Blood biomarkers of Hikikomori, a severe social withdrawal syndrome". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 2884. Bibcode:2018NatSR...8.2884H. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-21260-w. PMC 5811600. PMID 29440704.
Teo & Gaw 2010; Teo et al. 2015, p. 182. Teo, Alan R.; Gaw, Albert (2010). "Hikikomori, a Japanese Culture-Bound Syndrome of Social Withdrawal? A Proposal for DSM-5". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 198 (6): 444–449. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181e086b1. PMC 4912003. PMID 20531124. Teo, Alan R.; Stufflebam, Kyle; Saha, Somnath; Fetters, Michael D.; Tateno, Masaru; Kanba, Shigenobu; Kato, Takahiro A. (2015). "Psychopathology Associated with Social Withdrawal: Idiopathic and Comorbid Presentations". Psychiatry Research. 228 (1): 182–183. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.04.033. ISSN 0165-1781. PMID 25977071. S2CID 8011082.
Stip, Emmanuel (3 March 2016). "Internet Addiction, Hikikomori Syndrome, and the Prodromal Phase of Psychosis". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 7: 6. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00006. PMC 4776119. PMID 26973544.
Teo 2013. Teo, Alan R. (2013). "Social Isolation Associated with Depression: A Case Report of Hikikomori". International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 59 (4): 339–341. doi:10.1177/0020764012437128. PMC 4886854. PMID 22408115.
Sakamoto, Noriyuki; Martin, Rodger G.; Kumano, Hiroaki; Kuboki, Tomifusa; Al-Adawi, Samir (2005). "Hikikomori, is it a Culture-Reactive or Culture-Bound Syndrome? Nidotherapy and a Clinical Vignette from Oman". The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine. 35 (2): 191–198. doi:10.2190/7WEQ-216D-TVNH-PQJ1. ISSN 0091-2174. PMID 16240975.
Malagón-Amor, Ángeles; Córcoles-Martínez, David; Martín-López, Luis M; Pérez-Solà, Víctor (2015). "Hikikomori in Spain: A descriptive study". International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 61 (5): 475–483. doi:10.1177/0020764014553003. PMID 25303955. S2CID 27277596.
Roza, Thiago; Kessler, Felix; Passos, Ives (24 August 2022). "Hikikomori in Brazil: Context, clinical characteristics, and challenges". International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 69 (4): 1059–1061. doi:10.1177/00207640221120363. PMID 36003018. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
Hu, Xinyue; Fan, Danhua; Shao, Yang (14 March 2022). "Social Withdrawal (Hikikomori) Conditions in China: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey". Frontiers in Psychology. 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.826945. PMC 8963962. PMID 35360625.
Kato, Takahiro A.; Kanba, Shigenobu; Teo, Alan R. (2018). "Hikikomori: experience in Japan and international relevance". World Psychiatry. 17 (1): 105–106. doi:10.1002/wps.20497. PMC 5775123. PMID 29352535.
Teo et al. 2015, p. 182. Teo, Alan R.; Stufflebam, Kyle; Saha, Somnath; Fetters, Michael D.; Tateno, Masaru; Kanba, Shigenobu; Kato, Takahiro A. (2015). "Psychopathology Associated with Social Withdrawal: Idiopathic and Comorbid Presentations". Psychiatry Research. 228 (1): 182–183. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.04.033. ISSN 0165-1781. PMID 25977071. S2CID 8011082.
Nonaka, Shunsuke; Shimada, Hironori; Sakai, Motohiro (16 January 2020). "Family Behavioral Repertoires and Family Interaction Influence the Adaptive Behaviors of Individuals With Hikikomori". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 10: 977. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00977. ISSN 1664-0640. PMC 6976530. PMID 32009999.
Kato, Takahiro A.; Sartorius, Norman; Shinfuku, Naotaka (27 July 2020). "Forced social isolation due to COVID-19 and consequent mental health problems: Lessons from hikikomori". Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 74 (9): 506–507. doi:10.1111/pcn.13112. ISSN 1323-1316. PMC 7404367. PMID 32654336.
Kubo, Hiroaki; Urata, Hiromi; Sakai, Motohiro; Nonaka, Shunsuke; Saito, Kazuhiko; Tateno, Masaru; Kobara, Keiji; Hashimoto, Naoki; Fujisawa, Daisuke; Suzuki, Yuriko; Otsuka, Kotaro (9 January 2020). "Development of 5-day hikikomori intervention program for family members: A single-arm pilot trial". Heliyon. 6 (1): e03011. Bibcode:2020Heliy...603011K. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03011. ISSN 2405-8440. PMC 6953643. PMID 31938741.
Nishida, Masaki; Kikuchi, Senichiro; Fukuda, Kazuhito; Kato, Satoshi (29 April 2016). "Jogging Therapy for Hikikomori Social Withdrawal and Increased Cerebral Hemodynamics: A Case Report". Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health. 12: 38–42. doi:10.2174/1745017901612010038. ISSN 1745-0179. PMC 4894832. PMID 27346999.
Wong, Paul W.C. (December 2020). "Potential changes to the hikikimori phenomenon in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic". Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 54: 102288. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102288. ISSN 1876-2018. PMC 7352106. PMID 32682300.
Rooksby, Maki; Furuhashi, Tadaaki; McLeod, Hamish J. (15 September 2020). "Hikikomori: a hidden mental health need following the COVID −19 pandemic". World Psychiatry. 19 (3): 399–400. doi:10.1002/wps.20804. ISSN 1723-8617. PMC 7491622. PMID 32931118.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Hamasaki, Yukiko; Pionnié-Dax, Nancy; Dorard, Géraldine; Tajan, Nicolas; Hikida, Takatoshi (2020). "Identifying Social Withdrawal (Hikikomori) Factors in Adolescents: Understanding the Hikikomori Spectrum". Child Psychiatry & Human Development. 52 (5): 808–817. doi:10.1007/s10578-020-01064-8. PMC 8405474. PMID 32959142.
Malagón-Amor, Ángeles; Martín-López, Luis Miguel; Córcoles, David; González, Anna; Bellsolà, Magda; Teo, Alan R.; Bulbena, Antoni; Pérez, Víctor; Bergé, Daniel (2020). "Family Features of Social Withdrawal Syndrome (Hikikomori)". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 11: 138. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00138. PMC 7061609. PMID 32194459.
Hayakawa, Kohei; Kato, Takahiro A.; Watabe, Motoki; Teo, Alan R.; Horikawa, Hideki; Kuwano, Nobuki; Shimokawa, Norihiro; Sato-Kasai, Mina; Kubo, Hiroaki; Ohgidani, Masahiro; Sagata, Noriaki; Toda, Hiroyuki; Tateno, Masaru; Shinfuku, Naotaka; Kishimoto, Junji; Kanba, Shigenobu (13 February 2018). "Blood biomarkers of Hikikomori, a severe social withdrawal syndrome". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 2884. Bibcode:2018NatSR...8.2884H. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-21260-w. PMC 5811600. PMID 29440704.
Teo & Gaw 2010; Teo et al. 2015, p. 182. Teo, Alan R.; Gaw, Albert (2010). "Hikikomori, a Japanese Culture-Bound Syndrome of Social Withdrawal? A Proposal for DSM-5". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 198 (6): 444–449. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181e086b1. PMC 4912003. PMID 20531124. Teo, Alan R.; Stufflebam, Kyle; Saha, Somnath; Fetters, Michael D.; Tateno, Masaru; Kanba, Shigenobu; Kato, Takahiro A. (2015). "Psychopathology Associated with Social Withdrawal: Idiopathic and Comorbid Presentations". Psychiatry Research. 228 (1): 182–183. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.04.033. ISSN 0165-1781. PMID 25977071. S2CID 8011082.
Stip, Emmanuel (3 March 2016). "Internet Addiction, Hikikomori Syndrome, and the Prodromal Phase of Psychosis". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 7: 6. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00006. PMC 4776119. PMID 26973544.
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