Historical Vedic religion (English Wikipedia)

Heesterman 2005, pp. 9552–9553. Heesterman, Jan (2005). "Vedism and Brahmanism". In Jones, Lindsay (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Religion. Vol. 14 (2nd ed.). Macmillan Reference. pp. 9552–9553. ISBN 0-02-865733-0.
Griffith, Ralph Thomas Hotchkin (1987) [1899]. The Texts of the White Yajurveda. Translated with a popular commentary (Reprint ed.). Benaras: E. J. Lazarus and Co. ISBN 81-215-0047-8.
Flood 1996, p. 21. Flood, Gavin D. (1996). An Introduction to Hinduism. Cambridge University Press.
Flood 1996, pp. 30–35. Flood, Gavin D. (1996). An Introduction to Hinduism. Cambridge University Press.
Flood 1996, p. 30. Flood, Gavin D. (1996). An Introduction to Hinduism. Cambridge University Press.
Flood 1996, p. 33. Flood, Gavin D. (1996). An Introduction to Hinduism. Cambridge University Press.
Biardeau, Madeleine (1994). Hinduism: The anthropology of a civilization. Oxford University Press. pp. 17–22. ISBN 978-0-19-563389-4.
Monier-Williams, Monier (1891). Brāhmanism and Hindūism: Or, Religious Thought and Life in India, as Based on the Veda and Other Sacred Books of the Hindūs. J. Murray. pp. 2–3.
Lochtefeld, James (2001). "Brahman". The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Vol. 1: A–M. Rosen Publishing. p. 122. ISBN 978-0823931798.
Kramer, Kenneth (January 1986). World Scriptures: An Introduction to Comparative Religions. Paulist Press. pp. 34ff. ISBN 978-0-8091-2781-8.
Ranade, R. D. (1926). A Constructive Survey of Upanishadic Philosophy. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. pp. 147–148. ... in certain other places [of Rigveda], an approach is being made to the idea of Transmigration. ... There we definitely know that the whole hymn is address to a departed spirit, and the poet [of the Rigvedic hymn] says that he is going to recall the departed soul in order that it may return again and live.
Flood 1996, pp. 82, 224–49. Flood, Gavin D. (1996). An Introduction to Hinduism. Cambridge University Press.
Flood 1996, p. 16. Flood, Gavin D. (1996). An Introduction to Hinduism. Cambridge University Press.

asianstudies.org

Scholars such as Jan Gonda have used the term ancient Hinduism, distinguishing it from "recent Hinduism".
Jamison & Witzel (1992, p. 3) use the term "Vedic Hinduism," but state:"... to call this period Vedic Hinduism is a contradictio in terminis since Vedic religion is very different from what we generally call Hindu religion – at least as much as Old Hebrew religion is from medieval and modern Christian religion. However, Vedic religion is treatable as a predecessor of Hinduism".
Michaels (2004, p. 38) also emphasizes the differences: "The legacy of the Vedic religion in Hinduism is generally overestimated. The influence of the mythology is indeed great, but the religious terminology changed considerably: all the key terms of Hinduism either do not exist in Vedic or have a completely different meaning. The religion of the Veda does not know the ethicised migration of the soul with retribution for acts (karma), the cyclical destruction of the world, or the idea of salvation during one's lifetime (jivanmukti; moksa; nirvana); the idea of the world as illusion (maya) must have gone against the grain of ancient India, and an omnipotent creator god emerges only in the late hymns of the rgveda. Nor did the Vedic religion know a caste system, the burning of widows, the ban on remarriage, images of gods and temples, Puja worship, Yoga, pilgrimages, vegetarianism, the holiness of cows, the doctrine of stages of life (asrama), or knew them only at their inception. Thus, it is justified to see a turning point between the Vedic religion and Hindu religions."
See also Halbfass (1991, pp. 1–2)
The Encyclopædia Britannica explains that from the Vedic religion emerged Brahmanism, a religious tradition of ancient India. It states, "Brahmanism emphasized the rites performed by, and the status of, the Brahman, or priestly, class as well as speculation about Brahman (the Absolute reality) as theorized in the Upanishads (speculative philosophical texts that are considered to be part of the Vedas, or scriptures)." From Brahmanism developed Hinduism, when it was synthesized, around the start of the Common Era, with the non-Vedic Indo-Aryan religious heritage of the eastern Ganges plain and with local religious traditions; see Witzel 1995; Hiltebeitel 2002; Samuel 2010; Welbon 2004; Bronkhorst 2007. Jamison, Stephanie; Witzel, Michael (1992). "Vedic Hinduism" (PDF). Harvard University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2003. Retrieved 4 August 2018. Michaels, Axel (2004). Hinduism. Past and present. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Halbfass, Wilhelm (1991). Tradition and Reflection. SUNY Press. ISBN 9780791403617. Witzel, Michael (1995). "Early Sanskritization: Origin and Development of the Kuru state" (PDF). EJVS. 1 (4). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2007. Hiltebeitel, Alf (2002). "Hinduism". In Kitagawa, Joseph (ed.). The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, history, and culture. Routledge. ISBN 9781136875977. Samuel, Geoffrey (2010). The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic religions to the thirteenth century. Cambridge University Press. Welbon, Guy (2004). "Hindu Beginnings. Assessing the Period 1000 BCE to 300 CE" (PDF). Education About Asia. 9 (2). Bronkhorst, Johannes (2007). Greater Magadha: Studies in the Culture of Early India. BRILL. ISBN 9789004157194.
Welbon 2004, p. 33. Welbon, Guy (2004). "Hindu Beginnings. Assessing the Period 1000 BCE to 300 CE" (PDF). Education About Asia. 9 (2).

books.google.com

Scholars such as Jan Gonda have used the term ancient Hinduism, distinguishing it from "recent Hinduism".
Jamison & Witzel (1992, p. 3) use the term "Vedic Hinduism," but state:"... to call this period Vedic Hinduism is a contradictio in terminis since Vedic religion is very different from what we generally call Hindu religion – at least as much as Old Hebrew religion is from medieval and modern Christian religion. However, Vedic religion is treatable as a predecessor of Hinduism".
Michaels (2004, p. 38) also emphasizes the differences: "The legacy of the Vedic religion in Hinduism is generally overestimated. The influence of the mythology is indeed great, but the religious terminology changed considerably: all the key terms of Hinduism either do not exist in Vedic or have a completely different meaning. The religion of the Veda does not know the ethicised migration of the soul with retribution for acts (karma), the cyclical destruction of the world, or the idea of salvation during one's lifetime (jivanmukti; moksa; nirvana); the idea of the world as illusion (maya) must have gone against the grain of ancient India, and an omnipotent creator god emerges only in the late hymns of the rgveda. Nor did the Vedic religion know a caste system, the burning of widows, the ban on remarriage, images of gods and temples, Puja worship, Yoga, pilgrimages, vegetarianism, the holiness of cows, the doctrine of stages of life (asrama), or knew them only at their inception. Thus, it is justified to see a turning point between the Vedic religion and Hindu religions."
See also Halbfass (1991, pp. 1–2)
The Encyclopædia Britannica explains that from the Vedic religion emerged Brahmanism, a religious tradition of ancient India. It states, "Brahmanism emphasized the rites performed by, and the status of, the Brahman, or priestly, class as well as speculation about Brahman (the Absolute reality) as theorized in the Upanishads (speculative philosophical texts that are considered to be part of the Vedas, or scriptures)." From Brahmanism developed Hinduism, when it was synthesized, around the start of the Common Era, with the non-Vedic Indo-Aryan religious heritage of the eastern Ganges plain and with local religious traditions; see Witzel 1995; Hiltebeitel 2002; Samuel 2010; Welbon 2004; Bronkhorst 2007. Jamison, Stephanie; Witzel, Michael (1992). "Vedic Hinduism" (PDF). Harvard University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2003. Retrieved 4 August 2018. Michaels, Axel (2004). Hinduism. Past and present. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Halbfass, Wilhelm (1991). Tradition and Reflection. SUNY Press. ISBN 9780791403617. Witzel, Michael (1995). "Early Sanskritization: Origin and Development of the Kuru state" (PDF). EJVS. 1 (4). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2007. Hiltebeitel, Alf (2002). "Hinduism". In Kitagawa, Joseph (ed.). The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, history, and culture. Routledge. ISBN 9781136875977. Samuel, Geoffrey (2010). The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic religions to the thirteenth century. Cambridge University Press. Welbon, Guy (2004). "Hindu Beginnings. Assessing the Period 1000 BCE to 300 CE" (PDF). Education About Asia. 9 (2). Bronkhorst, Johannes (2007). Greater Magadha: Studies in the Culture of Early India. BRILL. ISBN 9789004157194.
For the metaphysical concept of Brahman, see: Lipner, Julius (2012). Hindus: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. Routledge. pp. 251–252, 283, 366–369. ISBN 978-1-135-24061-5; Perrett, Roy W. (1998). Hindu Ethics: A Philosophical Study. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 53–54. ISBN 978-0-8248-2085-5.
Sullivan 2001, p. 9. Sullivan, Bruce M. (2001). The A to Z of Hinduism. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8108-4070-6.
White 2003. White, David Gordon (2003). Kiss of the Yogini. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-89483-5.
- Stephanie Jamison (2015). The Rigveda — Earliest Religious Poetry of India. Oxford University Press. pp. 1393, 1399. ISBN 978-0190633394.
- McClelland, Norman C. (15 October 2018). Encyclopedia of Reincarnation and Karma. McFarland. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-7864-5675-8.
- Laumakis 2008. Laumakis, Stephen J. (21 February 2008). An Introduction to Buddhist Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781139469661.
- Singh 2008, p. 185. Singh, Upinder (2008). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th century. Pearson Education India. ISBN 978-81-317-1120-0.
- Hiltebeitel 2007, p. 5. Hiltebeitel, Alf (2007). "Hinduism". In Kitagawa, Joseph (ed.). The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture (Digital printing ed.). Routledge. ISBN 9781136875908.
- Hiltebeitel 2007, pp. 5–7. Hiltebeitel, Alf (2007). "Hinduism". In Kitagawa, Joseph (ed.). The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture (Digital printing ed.). Routledge. ISBN 9781136875908.
- Singh 2008, p. 186. Singh, Upinder (2008). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th century. Pearson Education India. ISBN 978-81-317-1120-0.
- Roger D. Woodard (18 August 2006). Indo-European Sacred Space: Vedic and Roman Cult. University of Illinois Press. pp. 242–. ISBN 978-0-252-09295-4.
- Flood 2008, p. 68. Flood, Gavin (2008). The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780470998687.
- White 2003, p. 28. White, David Gordon (2003). Kiss of the Yogini. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-89483-5.
  - Hiltebeitel 2007, pp. 8–10. Hiltebeitel, Alf (2007). "Hinduism". In Kitagawa, Joseph (ed.). The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture (Digital printing ed.). Routledge. ISBN 9781136875908.
  - Basham 1989, pp. 74–75. Basham, Arthur Llewellyn (1989). The Origins and Development of Classical Hinduism. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195073492.
  - Županov, Ines G. (2005). Missionary Tropics: The Catholic Frontier in India (16th–17th Centuries). University of Michigan Press. pp. 18ff. ISBN 0-472-11490-5.
  - Maritain, Jacques; Watkin, E. I. (2005). An Introduction to Philosophy. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-7425-5053-7.
  - Robinson, Catherine A. (2014). Interpretations of the Bhagavad-Gita and Images of the Hindu Tradition: The song of the Lord. Routledge. page 164, footnote 9. ISBN 978-1-134-27891-6.
  - Maritain, Jacques (2005). An Introduction to Philosophy. Rowman & Littlefield. pages 6–7 footnote 1. ISBN 978-0-7425-5053-7. This [the primitive religion of the Vedas] resulted, after a period of confusion, in the formation of a new system, Brahmanism (or Hinduism), which is essentially a philosophy, a metaphysic, a work of human speculation, ...; [footnote 1]... the neuter, Brahman, as the one impersonal substance.
  - Leaman, Oliver (2002). Eastern Philosophy: Key Readings. Routledge. pp. 64–65. ISBN 978-1-134-68918-7. The early Upanishads are primarily metaphysical treatises concerned with identifying the Brahman, the ground of the universe. ... The essence of early Brahmanism is the search for the Absolute and its natural development is in Vedantin monism which claims that the soul is identical with the Absolute.
  - Sullivan 2001, p. 137. Sullivan, Bruce M. (2001). The A to Z of Hinduism. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8108-4070-6.
  - Goodall, Dominic (2001). Hindu Scriptures. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. ix–xx. ISBN 978-81-208-1770-8.
  - David Christian (1 September 2011). Maps of Time: An Introduction to Big History. University of California Press. pp. 18ff. ISBN 978-0-520-95067-2.
  - Singh 2008, pp. 206ff. Singh, Upinder (2008). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th century. Pearson Education India. ISBN 978-81-317-1120-0.
  - Laumakis 2008, pp. 90–99. Laumakis, Stephen J. (21 February 2008). An Introduction to Buddhist Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781139469661.
  - Laumakis 2008, p. 90. Laumakis, Stephen J. (21 February 2008). An Introduction to Buddhist Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781139469661.
  - Atsushi Hayakawa (2014). Circulation of Fire in the Veda. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 66–67, 101–103. ISBN 978-3-643-90472-0.
  - Sayers, Matthew R. (2013). Feeding the Dead: Ancestor worship in ancient India. Oxford University Press. pp. 1–9. ISBN 978-0-19-989643-1.
  - Keown, Damien (2013). Buddhism: A very short introduction. Oxford University Press. pp. 28, 32–38. ISBN 978-0-19-966383-5.
  - Tull, Herman Wayne (1989). The Vedic Origins of Karma: Cosmos as man in ancient Indian myth and ritual. State University of New York Press. pp. 1–3, 11–12. ISBN 978-0-7914-0094-4.
  - Flood 2008, p. 273. Flood, Gavin (2008). The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780470998687.
  - The Vedas: With Illustrative Extracts. Translated by Ralph Thomas Hotchkin Griffith; T. B. Griffith. Book Tree, 2003. 2003. pp. 56–57. ISBN 9781585092239.
  - Staal, Frits (2008). Discovering the Vedas: Origins, mantras, rituals, insights. Penguin Books. pp. 3, 365. ISBN 978-0-14-309986-4.
  - Olivelle, Patrick (1992). The Samnyasa Upanisads: Hindu scriptures on asceticism and renunciation. Oxford University Press. pp. 92, 140–146. ISBN 978-0-19-536137-7.
  - Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. Penguin Books. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.
  - Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism: An alphabetical guide. Penguin Books. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.
  - Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism: An alphabetical guide. Penguin Books. pp. 66–67. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.
  - Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism: An alphabetical guide. Penguin Books. p. 175. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.
  - Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism: An alphabetical guide. Penguin Books. pp. 200–201. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.
  - Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism: An alphabetical guide. Penguin Books. pp. 447–448. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.
  - Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism: An alphabetical guide. Penguin Books. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.
  - Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism: An alphabetical guide. Penguin Books. p. 218. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.
  - Bodewitz, Henk W. (2019). Vedic Cosmology and Ethics: Selected Studies. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-39864-1.
  - Macdonell, A.A. (1995). Vedic Mythology. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 81-208-1113-5 – via Google Books.
  - Vivekananda, Swami (2005). Prabuddha Bharata [Awakened India]. Prabuddha Bharata Press. pp. 362, 594. ISBN 9788178231686.
  - Eliade, Mircea (2011). From Gautama Buddha to the Triumph of Christianity. History of Religious Ideas. Vol. 2. University of Chicago Press. pp. 44–46. ISBN 978-0-226-02735-7.
  - Hiltebeitel 2007, p. 12. Hiltebeitel, Alf (2007). "Hinduism". In Kitagawa, Joseph (ed.). The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture (Digital printing ed.). Routledge. ISBN 9781136875908.
  - Hiltebeitel 2007, p. 3. Hiltebeitel, Alf (2007). "Hinduism". In Kitagawa, Joseph (ed.). The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture (Digital printing ed.). Routledge. ISBN 9781136875908.
  - Gomez 2013, p. 42. Gomez, Luis O. (2013), "Buddhism in India", in Kitagawa, Joseph (ed.), The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture, Routledge, ISBN 9781136875908
  - Larson 2009. Larson, Gerald James (2009). "Hinduism". World Religions in America: An Introduction. Westminster: John Knox Press. pp. 179–198. ISBN 978-1-61164-047-2.
  - Eliade, Mircea (2011). From Gautama Buddha to the Triumph of Christianity. History of Religious Ideas. Vol. 2. University of Chicago Press. pp. 49–54. ISBN 978-0-226-02735-7.
  - Neville, Robert (2001). Religious Truth. SUNY Press. p. 51. ISBN 9780791447789.
  - Coward, Harold (2008). The perfectibility of human nature in eastern and western thought. SUNY Press. p. 114. ISBN 9780791473368.

britannica.com

Scholars such as Jan Gonda have used the term ancient Hinduism, distinguishing it from "recent Hinduism".
Jamison & Witzel (1992, p. 3) use the term "Vedic Hinduism," but state:"... to call this period Vedic Hinduism is a contradictio in terminis since Vedic religion is very different from what we generally call Hindu religion – at least as much as Old Hebrew religion is from medieval and modern Christian religion. However, Vedic religion is treatable as a predecessor of Hinduism".
Michaels (2004, p. 38) also emphasizes the differences: "The legacy of the Vedic religion in Hinduism is generally overestimated. The influence of the mythology is indeed great, but the religious terminology changed considerably: all the key terms of Hinduism either do not exist in Vedic or have a completely different meaning. The religion of the Veda does not know the ethicised migration of the soul with retribution for acts (karma), the cyclical destruction of the world, or the idea of salvation during one's lifetime (jivanmukti; moksa; nirvana); the idea of the world as illusion (maya) must have gone against the grain of ancient India, and an omnipotent creator god emerges only in the late hymns of the rgveda. Nor did the Vedic religion know a caste system, the burning of widows, the ban on remarriage, images of gods and temples, Puja worship, Yoga, pilgrimages, vegetarianism, the holiness of cows, the doctrine of stages of life (asrama), or knew them only at their inception. Thus, it is justified to see a turning point between the Vedic religion and Hindu religions."
See also Halbfass (1991, pp. 1–2)
The Encyclopædia Britannica explains that from the Vedic religion emerged Brahmanism, a religious tradition of ancient India. It states, "Brahmanism emphasized the rites performed by, and the status of, the Brahman, or priestly, class as well as speculation about Brahman (the Absolute reality) as theorized in the Upanishads (speculative philosophical texts that are considered to be part of the Vedas, or scriptures)." From Brahmanism developed Hinduism, when it was synthesized, around the start of the Common Era, with the non-Vedic Indo-Aryan religious heritage of the eastern Ganges plain and with local religious traditions; see Witzel 1995; Hiltebeitel 2002; Samuel 2010; Welbon 2004; Bronkhorst 2007. Jamison, Stephanie; Witzel, Michael (1992). "Vedic Hinduism" (PDF). Harvard University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2003. Retrieved 4 August 2018. Michaels, Axel (2004). Hinduism. Past and present. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Halbfass, Wilhelm (1991). Tradition and Reflection. SUNY Press. ISBN 9780791403617. Witzel, Michael (1995). "Early Sanskritization: Origin and Development of the Kuru state" (PDF). EJVS. 1 (4). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2007. Hiltebeitel, Alf (2002). "Hinduism". In Kitagawa, Joseph (ed.). The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, history, and culture. Routledge. ISBN 9781136875977. Samuel, Geoffrey (2010). The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic religions to the thirteenth century. Cambridge University Press. Welbon, Guy (2004). "Hindu Beginnings. Assessing the Period 1000 BCE to 300 CE" (PDF). Education About Asia. 9 (2). Bronkhorst, Johannes (2007). Greater Magadha: Studies in the Culture of Early India. BRILL. ISBN 9789004157194.
"Vedic religion". Encyclopedia Britannica. 21 September 2024.
"yaksha". Encyclopædia Britannica. 12 July 2024.
"Vedic religion". Encyclopedia Britannica. 21 September 2024. It [Vedic religion] takes its name from the collections of sacred texts known as the Vedas. Vedism is the oldest stratum of religious activity in India for which there exist written materials. It was one of the major traditions that shaped Hinduism.

docshut.com

Muesse 2003, p. 115. Muesse, Mark William (2003). Hinduism. Great World Religions.

doi.org

Bronkhorst 2017, p. 363. Bronkhorst, Johannes (2017). "Brahmanism: Its place in ancient Indian society". Contributions to Indian Sociology. 51 (3): 361–369. doi:10.1177/0069966717717587. S2CID 220050987.
Sayers, Matthew R. (1 November 2015). McGovern, Nathan (ed.). "Feeding the Dead: Ancestor worship in ancient India". The Journal of Hindu Studies. 8 (3): 336–338. doi:10.1093/jhs/hiv034. ISSN 1756-4255.
Sayers, Matthew R. (2015). "The Śrāddha: The Development of Ancestor Worship in Classical Hinduism". Religion Compass. 9 (6): 182–197. doi:10.1111/rec3.12155. ISSN 1749-8171.
Duchesne-Guillemin 1963, p. 46. Duchesne-Guillemin, Jacques (Summer 1963). "Heraclitus and Iran". History of Religions. 3 (1): 34–49. doi:10.1086/462470. S2CID 62860085.

encyclopedia.com

"Vedism and Brahmanism | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2 August 2024.

georgetown.edu

berkleycenter.georgetown.edu

"Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 4.4.5–6". Berkley Center for Religion Peace & World Affairs. Georgetown University. 2012. Archived from the original on 13 April 2013.

harvard.edu

people.fas.harvard.edu

Scholars such as Jan Gonda have used the term ancient Hinduism, distinguishing it from "recent Hinduism".
Jamison & Witzel (1992, p. 3) use the term "Vedic Hinduism," but state:"... to call this period Vedic Hinduism is a contradictio in terminis since Vedic religion is very different from what we generally call Hindu religion – at least as much as Old Hebrew religion is from medieval and modern Christian religion. However, Vedic religion is treatable as a predecessor of Hinduism".
Michaels (2004, p. 38) also emphasizes the differences: "The legacy of the Vedic religion in Hinduism is generally overestimated. The influence of the mythology is indeed great, but the religious terminology changed considerably: all the key terms of Hinduism either do not exist in Vedic or have a completely different meaning. The religion of the Veda does not know the ethicised migration of the soul with retribution for acts (karma), the cyclical destruction of the world, or the idea of salvation during one's lifetime (jivanmukti; moksa; nirvana); the idea of the world as illusion (maya) must have gone against the grain of ancient India, and an omnipotent creator god emerges only in the late hymns of the rgveda. Nor did the Vedic religion know a caste system, the burning of widows, the ban on remarriage, images of gods and temples, Puja worship, Yoga, pilgrimages, vegetarianism, the holiness of cows, the doctrine of stages of life (asrama), or knew them only at their inception. Thus, it is justified to see a turning point between the Vedic religion and Hindu religions."
See also Halbfass (1991, pp. 1–2)
The Encyclopædia Britannica explains that from the Vedic religion emerged Brahmanism, a religious tradition of ancient India. It states, "Brahmanism emphasized the rites performed by, and the status of, the Brahman, or priestly, class as well as speculation about Brahman (the Absolute reality) as theorized in the Upanishads (speculative philosophical texts that are considered to be part of the Vedas, or scriptures)." From Brahmanism developed Hinduism, when it was synthesized, around the start of the Common Era, with the non-Vedic Indo-Aryan religious heritage of the eastern Ganges plain and with local religious traditions; see Witzel 1995; Hiltebeitel 2002; Samuel 2010; Welbon 2004; Bronkhorst 2007. Jamison, Stephanie; Witzel, Michael (1992). "Vedic Hinduism" (PDF). Harvard University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2003. Retrieved 4 August 2018. Michaels, Axel (2004). Hinduism. Past and present. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Halbfass, Wilhelm (1991). Tradition and Reflection. SUNY Press. ISBN 9780791403617. Witzel, Michael (1995). "Early Sanskritization: Origin and Development of the Kuru state" (PDF). EJVS. 1 (4). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2007. Hiltebeitel, Alf (2002). "Hinduism". In Kitagawa, Joseph (ed.). The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, history, and culture. Routledge. ISBN 9781136875977. Samuel, Geoffrey (2010). The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic religions to the thirteenth century. Cambridge University Press. Welbon, Guy (2004). "Hindu Beginnings. Assessing the Period 1000 BCE to 300 CE" (PDF). Education About Asia. 9 (2). Bronkhorst, Johannes (2007). Greater Magadha: Studies in the Culture of Early India. BRILL. ISBN 9789004157194.
"Kalasha religion" (PDF). section 1.5.2.
Jamison & Witzel 1992, p. 2-4. Jamison, Stephanie; Witzel, Michael (1992). "Vedic Hinduism" (PDF). Harvard University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2003. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
Witzel, Michael (2001). "Autochthonous Aryans? The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts" (PDF). Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies (EJVS). 7 (3): 1–93.
Jamison & Witzel 1992, p. 1–5, 47–52, 74–77. Jamison, Stephanie; Witzel, Michael (1992). "Vedic Hinduism" (PDF). Harvard University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2003. Retrieved 4 August 2018.

hindutvaharassmentfieldmanual.org

South Asia Scholar Activist Collective, Hindutva Harassment Field Manual, Wikidata Q108732338

iranicaonline.org

"Haoma i. Botany". Encyclopædia Iranica.
"AṦA (Asha "Truth")". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 21 February 2013.

jstor.org

Singh, N. (1992). "The vivaha (marriage) Samskara as a paradigm for religio-cultural integration in Hinduism". Journal for the Study of Religion. 5 (1): 31–40. JSTOR 24764135.

laurasianacademy.com

ejvs.laurasianacademy.com

Scholars such as Jan Gonda have used the term ancient Hinduism, distinguishing it from "recent Hinduism".
Jamison & Witzel (1992, p. 3) use the term "Vedic Hinduism," but state:"... to call this period Vedic Hinduism is a contradictio in terminis since Vedic religion is very different from what we generally call Hindu religion – at least as much as Old Hebrew religion is from medieval and modern Christian religion. However, Vedic religion is treatable as a predecessor of Hinduism".
Michaels (2004, p. 38) also emphasizes the differences: "The legacy of the Vedic religion in Hinduism is generally overestimated. The influence of the mythology is indeed great, but the religious terminology changed considerably: all the key terms of Hinduism either do not exist in Vedic or have a completely different meaning. The religion of the Veda does not know the ethicised migration of the soul with retribution for acts (karma), the cyclical destruction of the world, or the idea of salvation during one's lifetime (jivanmukti; moksa; nirvana); the idea of the world as illusion (maya) must have gone against the grain of ancient India, and an omnipotent creator god emerges only in the late hymns of the rgveda. Nor did the Vedic religion know a caste system, the burning of widows, the ban on remarriage, images of gods and temples, Puja worship, Yoga, pilgrimages, vegetarianism, the holiness of cows, the doctrine of stages of life (asrama), or knew them only at their inception. Thus, it is justified to see a turning point between the Vedic religion and Hindu religions."
See also Halbfass (1991, pp. 1–2)
The Encyclopædia Britannica explains that from the Vedic religion emerged Brahmanism, a religious tradition of ancient India. It states, "Brahmanism emphasized the rites performed by, and the status of, the Brahman, or priestly, class as well as speculation about Brahman (the Absolute reality) as theorized in the Upanishads (speculative philosophical texts that are considered to be part of the Vedas, or scriptures)." From Brahmanism developed Hinduism, when it was synthesized, around the start of the Common Era, with the non-Vedic Indo-Aryan religious heritage of the eastern Ganges plain and with local religious traditions; see Witzel 1995; Hiltebeitel 2002; Samuel 2010; Welbon 2004; Bronkhorst 2007. Jamison, Stephanie; Witzel, Michael (1992). "Vedic Hinduism" (PDF). Harvard University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2003. Retrieved 4 August 2018. Michaels, Axel (2004). Hinduism. Past and present. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Halbfass, Wilhelm (1991). Tradition and Reflection. SUNY Press. ISBN 9780791403617. Witzel, Michael (1995). "Early Sanskritization: Origin and Development of the Kuru state" (PDF). EJVS. 1 (4). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2007. Hiltebeitel, Alf (2002). "Hinduism". In Kitagawa, Joseph (ed.). The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, history, and culture. Routledge. ISBN 9781136875977. Samuel, Geoffrey (2010). The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic religions to the thirteenth century. Cambridge University Press. Welbon, Guy (2004). "Hindu Beginnings. Assessing the Period 1000 BCE to 300 CE" (PDF). Education About Asia. 9 (2). Bronkhorst, Johannes (2007). Greater Magadha: Studies in the Culture of Early India. BRILL. ISBN 9789004157194.
See Witzel 1995 for an elaborate description of the religious and socio-political development of the late Vedic society Witzel, Michael (1995). "Early Sanskritization: Origin and Development of the Kuru state" (PDF). EJVS. 1 (4). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2007.
Witzel 1995. Witzel, Michael (1995). "Early Sanskritization: Origin and Development of the Kuru state" (PDF). EJVS. 1 (4). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2007.
Witzel 1995, pp. 3–4. Witzel, Michael (1995). "Early Sanskritization: Origin and Development of the Kuru state" (PDF). EJVS. 1 (4). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2007.

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Witzel, Michael (2005). Vala and Iwato: The Myth of the Hidden Sun in India, Japan, and beyond (PDF).

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Sayers, Matthew R. (1 November 2015). McGovern, Nathan (ed.). "Feeding the Dead: Ancestor worship in ancient India". The Journal of Hindu Studies. 8 (3): 336–338. doi:10.1093/jhs/hiv034. ISSN 1756-4255.

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'Hindutva Is Nothing But Brahminism', Outlook, 5 April 2002.

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Bronkhorst 2016, pp. 9–10. Bronkhorst, Johannes (2016). How the Brahmains Won. BRILL.
Raf Gelders, Willem Delders (2003),Mantras of Anti-Brahmanism: Colonial Experience of Indian Intellectuals, Economic and Political Weekly 38(43):4611–4617. DOI:10.2307/4414197

rferl.org

Bezhan, Frud (19 April 2017). "Pakistan's Forgotten Pagans get their Due". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 31 July 2017. About half of the Kalash practice a form of ancient Hinduism infused with old pagan and animist beliefs.

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api.semanticscholar.org

Bronkhorst 2017, p. 363. Bronkhorst, Johannes (2017). "Brahmanism: Its place in ancient Indian society". Contributions to Indian Sociology. 51 (3): 361–369. doi:10.1177/0069966717717587. S2CID 220050987.
Duchesne-Guillemin 1963, p. 46. Duchesne-Guillemin, Jacques (Summer 1963). "Heraclitus and Iran". History of Religions. 3 (1): 34–49. doi:10.1086/462470. S2CID 62860085.

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Bronkhorst 2017, p. 363. Bronkhorst, Johannes (2017). "Brahmanism: Its place in ancient Indian society". Contributions to Indian Sociology. 51 (3): 361–369. doi:10.1177/0069966717717587. S2CID 220050987.

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Sayers, Matthew Rae. Feeding the ancestors: ancestor worship in ancient Hinduism and Buddhism (PhD thesis). University of Texas. p. 12.

web.archive.org

Scholars such as Jan Gonda have used the term ancient Hinduism, distinguishing it from "recent Hinduism".
Jamison & Witzel (1992, p. 3) use the term "Vedic Hinduism," but state:"... to call this period Vedic Hinduism is a contradictio in terminis since Vedic religion is very different from what we generally call Hindu religion – at least as much as Old Hebrew religion is from medieval and modern Christian religion. However, Vedic religion is treatable as a predecessor of Hinduism".
Michaels (2004, p. 38) also emphasizes the differences: "The legacy of the Vedic religion in Hinduism is generally overestimated. The influence of the mythology is indeed great, but the religious terminology changed considerably: all the key terms of Hinduism either do not exist in Vedic or have a completely different meaning. The religion of the Veda does not know the ethicised migration of the soul with retribution for acts (karma), the cyclical destruction of the world, or the idea of salvation during one's lifetime (jivanmukti; moksa; nirvana); the idea of the world as illusion (maya) must have gone against the grain of ancient India, and an omnipotent creator god emerges only in the late hymns of the rgveda. Nor did the Vedic religion know a caste system, the burning of widows, the ban on remarriage, images of gods and temples, Puja worship, Yoga, pilgrimages, vegetarianism, the holiness of cows, the doctrine of stages of life (asrama), or knew them only at their inception. Thus, it is justified to see a turning point between the Vedic religion and Hindu religions."
See also Halbfass (1991, pp. 1–2)
The Encyclopædia Britannica explains that from the Vedic religion emerged Brahmanism, a religious tradition of ancient India. It states, "Brahmanism emphasized the rites performed by, and the status of, the Brahman, or priestly, class as well as speculation about Brahman (the Absolute reality) as theorized in the Upanishads (speculative philosophical texts that are considered to be part of the Vedas, or scriptures)." From Brahmanism developed Hinduism, when it was synthesized, around the start of the Common Era, with the non-Vedic Indo-Aryan religious heritage of the eastern Ganges plain and with local religious traditions; see Witzel 1995; Hiltebeitel 2002; Samuel 2010; Welbon 2004; Bronkhorst 2007. Jamison, Stephanie; Witzel, Michael (1992). "Vedic Hinduism" (PDF). Harvard University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2003. Retrieved 4 August 2018. Michaels, Axel (2004). Hinduism. Past and present. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Halbfass, Wilhelm (1991). Tradition and Reflection. SUNY Press. ISBN 9780791403617. Witzel, Michael (1995). "Early Sanskritization: Origin and Development of the Kuru state" (PDF). EJVS. 1 (4). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2007. Hiltebeitel, Alf (2002). "Hinduism". In Kitagawa, Joseph (ed.). The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, history, and culture. Routledge. ISBN 9781136875977. Samuel, Geoffrey (2010). The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic religions to the thirteenth century. Cambridge University Press. Welbon, Guy (2004). "Hindu Beginnings. Assessing the Period 1000 BCE to 300 CE" (PDF). Education About Asia. 9 (2). Bronkhorst, Johannes (2007). Greater Magadha: Studies in the Culture of Early India. BRILL. ISBN 9789004157194.
See Witzel 1995 for an elaborate description of the religious and socio-political development of the late Vedic society Witzel, Michael (1995). "Early Sanskritization: Origin and Development of the Kuru state" (PDF). EJVS. 1 (4). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2007.
Witzel 1995. Witzel, Michael (1995). "Early Sanskritization: Origin and Development of the Kuru state" (PDF). EJVS. 1 (4). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2007.
Jamison & Witzel 1992, p. 2-4. Jamison, Stephanie; Witzel, Michael (1992). "Vedic Hinduism" (PDF). Harvard University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2003. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
Witzel 1995, pp. 3–4. Witzel, Michael (1995). "Early Sanskritization: Origin and Development of the Kuru state" (PDF). EJVS. 1 (4). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2007.
Jamison & Witzel 1992, p. 1–5, 47–52, 74–77. Jamison, Stephanie; Witzel, Michael (1992). "Vedic Hinduism" (PDF). Harvard University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2003. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
"Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 4.4.5–6". Berkley Center for Religion Peace & World Affairs. Georgetown University. 2012. Archived from the original on 13 April 2013.

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South Asia Scholar Activist Collective, Hindutva Harassment Field Manual, Wikidata Q108732338

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Bronkhorst, Johannes (2011). Buddhism in the Shadow of Brahmanism. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-20140-8. OCLC 729756183.
Chande, M. B. (1998). Kautilyan Arthasastra. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors. ISBN 81-7156-733-9. OCLC 71205138.
Sayers, Matthew R. (1 November 2015). McGovern, Nathan (ed.). "Feeding the Dead: Ancestor worship in ancient India". The Journal of Hindu Studies. 8 (3): 336–338. doi:10.1093/jhs/hiv034. ISSN 1756-4255.
Sayers, Matthew R. (2015). "The Śrāddha: The Development of Ancestor Worship in Classical Hinduism". Religion Compass. 9 (6): 182–197. doi:10.1111/rec3.12155. ISSN 1749-8171.

worldcat.org

Bronkhorst, Johannes (2011). Buddhism in the Shadow of Brahmanism. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-20140-8. OCLC 729756183.
Chande, M. B. (1998). Kautilyan Arthasastra. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors. ISBN 81-7156-733-9. OCLC 71205138.