Historicity of Muhammad (English Wikipedia)

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birmingham.ac.uk

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books.google.com

Cook, The Koran, 2000: p.120 Cook, Michael (2000). The Koran : A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0192853449.
Cook, The Koran, 2000: p.6 Cook, Michael (2000). The Koran : A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0192853449.
Cook, The Koran, 2000: p.119 Cook, Michael (2000). The Koran : A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0192853449.
Cook, The Koran, 2000: p.136-37 Cook, Michael (2000). The Koran : A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0192853449.
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cambridge.org

Conrad, Lawrence I. (June 1987). "Abraha and Muhammad: Some Observations Apropos of Chronology and Literary topoi in the Early Arabic Historical Tradition". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 50 (2): 239. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00049016. S2CID 162350288. Retrieved 29 January 2020.

derafsh-kaviyani.com

http://www.derafsh-kaviyani.com/english/quran3.html Archived 2017-09-05 at the Wayback Machine (Discusses Wansbrough)

doi.org

Peters, F.E. (August 1991). "The Quest of the Historical Muhammad". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 23 (3): 307. doi:10.1017/S0020743800056312. S2CID 162433825.
Berg, Herbert; Rollens, Sarah (2008). "The historical Muhammad and the historical Jesus: A comparison of scholarly reinventions and reinterpretations". Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses. 37 (2): 271–292. doi:10.1177/000842980803700205. S2CID 144445914.
Conrad, Lawrence I. (June 1987). "Abraha and Muhammad: Some Observations Apropos of Chronology and Literary topoi in the Early Arabic Historical Tradition". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 50 (2): 239. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00049016. S2CID 162350288. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
Peters, F.E. (August 1991). "The Quest of the Historical Muhammad". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 23 (3): 307. doi:10.1017/S0020743800056312. S2CID 162433825.

ghostarchive.org

ilmisfree (2012-03-04), Dr. Jonathan A.C. Brown - An Introduction to Hadith, archived from the original on 2021-12-14, retrieved 2016-12-11 (see from 0:01:13)

islamicity.com

Kutty, Ahmad (30 March 2005). "What Is the Significance of Hadith in Islam?". Islamicity. Retrieved 22 January 2020.

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ARA, ANJUM (7 March 2016). "The Sons of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)". MUSLIM MEMO. Retrieved 25 February 2020.

opendemocracy.net

Crone, Patricia (10 June 2008). "What do we actually know about Mohammed?". openDemocracy. Retrieved 22 January 2020.

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journals.sagepub.com

Berg, Herbert; Rollens, Sarah (2008). "The historical Muhammad and the historical Jesus: A comparison of scholarly reinventions and reinterpretations". Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses. 37 (2): 271–292. doi:10.1177/000842980803700205. S2CID 144445914.

sahih-bukhari.com

"Volume 6, Book 61, Number 509". Sahih al-Bukhari. Retrieved 25 September 2019.

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Peters, F.E. (August 1991). "The Quest of the Historical Muhammad". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 23 (3): 307. doi:10.1017/S0020743800056312. S2CID 162433825.
Berg, Herbert; Rollens, Sarah (2008). "The historical Muhammad and the historical Jesus: A comparison of scholarly reinventions and reinterpretations". Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses. 37 (2): 271–292. doi:10.1177/000842980803700205. S2CID 144445914.
Conrad, Lawrence I. (June 1987). "Abraha and Muhammad: Some Observations Apropos of Chronology and Literary topoi in the Early Arabic Historical Tradition". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 50 (2): 239. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00049016. S2CID 162350288. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
Peters, F.E. (August 1991). "The Quest of the Historical Muhammad". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 23 (3): 307. doi:10.1017/S0020743800056312. S2CID 162433825.

submission.org

"Hadith and the Corruption of the great religion of Islam | Submission.org - Your best source for Submission (Islam)". submission.org. Retrieved 2020-01-23.

sunnah.com

"Hadith - Book of Judgments (Ahkaam) - Sahih al-Bukhari - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)". Sunnah.com. 2012-04-26. Retrieved 2015-07-24.

theatlantic.com

Patricia Crone, Michael Cook, and Gerd R. Puin as quoted in Toby Lester (January 1999). "What Is the Koran?". The Atlantic Monthly.
Lester, Toby (1 January 1999). "What Is the Koran?". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 25 August 2012.

theguardian.com

Querying the Koran Archived 2022-04-08 at the Wayback Machine, by Abul Taher, The Guardian, 8 August 2000

trykkefrihed.dk

"The historicity of Muhammad, Aisha and who knows who else". trykkefrihed.dk.

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delong.typepad.com

Crone, Patricia (1980). Slaves on Horses (PDF). Cambridge University Press. p. 4. Retrieved 23 November 2019.

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individual.utoronto.ca

THE HISTORY OF THE QUR’ANIC TEXT FROM REVELATION TO COMPILATION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENTS Archived 2022-04-27 at the Wayback Machine by Muhammad Mustafa Al-A’zami, Leicester: UK, page 12; Al-A’zami quotes a letter that was published in the Yemeni newspaper ath-Thawra, 11 March 1999

web.archive.org

THE HISTORY OF THE QUR’ANIC TEXT FROM REVELATION TO COMPILATION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENTS Archived 2022-04-27 at the Wayback Machine by Muhammad Mustafa Al-A’zami, Leicester: UK, page 12; Al-A’zami quotes a letter that was published in the Yemeni newspaper ath-Thawra, 11 March 1999
Querying the Koran Archived 2022-04-08 at the Wayback Machine, by Abul Taher, The Guardian, 8 August 2000
http://www.derafsh-kaviyani.com/english/quran3.html Archived 2017-09-05 at the Wayback Machine (Discusses Wansbrough)
Lester, Toby (1 January 1999). "What Is the Koran?". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 25 August 2012.
Brown, Jonathan (18 June 2016). "The Shariah, Homosexuality & Safeguarding Each Other's Rights in a Pluralist Society | ImanWire". Al-Madina Institute. Archived from the original on 22 June 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2021.

wsj.com

Andrew Higgins (16 November 2008). "Islamic Theologian Says Prophet Muhammad Likely Never Existed - WSJ". WSJ.

youtube.com

ilmisfree (2012-03-04), Dr. Jonathan A.C. Brown - An Introduction to Hadith, archived from the original on 2021-12-14, retrieved 2016-12-11 (see from 0:01:13)