History of Bahrain (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "History of Bahrain" in English language version.

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44web.archive.org

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26books.google.com

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aljazeera.com

"Heavy police presence blocks Bahrain protests". Al Jazeera. 15 February 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
"Bahrain inquiry confirms rights abuses – Middle East". Al Jazeera English. Archived from the original on 4 October 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
Gregg Carlstrom (23 April 2012). "Bahrain court delays ruling in activists case" Archived 15 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 14 June 2012.

blogs.aljazeera.com

"Bahrain live blog 25 Jan 2012". Al Jazeera. 25 January 2012. Archived from the original on 5 December 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2012.

aljazeera.net

english.aljazeera.net

"Curfew Follows Deadly Bahrain Crackdown – Curfew Enforced, Several Dead and Hundreds Injured as Security Forces Use Tanks and Helicopters To Quash Protest". Al Jazeera English. 16 March 2011. Archived from the original on 14 April 2011. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
"Report: Doctors targeted in Bahrain". Al Jazeera. 18 July 2011. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2011.

almesbar.net

"العجم السنة في الخليج لم يواجهوا تمييزاً عرقيا" [Sunni Ajams in the Gulf did not face racial discrimination]. مركز المسبار للدراسات والبحوث (in Arabic). 15 September 2013. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2024.

almunajjid.com

"الموقع الرسمي للشيخ محمد صالح المنجد – 09- حديث مال البحرين". almunajjid.com. Archived from the original on 14 April 2024. Retrieved 7 September 2024.

amnesty.org

Bahrain: Promising human rights reform must continue (Report). Amnesty International. 13 March 2001. MDE 11/005/2001. Retrieved 9 February 2011.

arabnews.com

Wahab, Siraj (18 March 2011). "Bahrain Arrests Key Opposition Leaders" Archived 7 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Arab News. Retrieved 15 April 2011.

archive.org

The Middle East and North Africa 2004. Europa Publications. 2003. p. 232. ISBN 1-85743-184-7.

archive.today

Al-Rumaihi, Mohammed Ghanim (1973). "Social and political change in Bahrain since the First World War" (PDF). Durham University. pp. 46–47. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 August 2022.
"Bahrain live blog 25 Jan 2012". Al Jazeera. 25 January 2012. Archived from the original on 5 December 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2012.

archives.gov

georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov

"To Implement the United States-Bahrain Free Trade Agreement, and for Other Purposes". White House Archives. Retrieved 23 June 2012.

bbc.co.uk

Bahrain profile Archived 3 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine BBC News
"Bahrain profile". BBC News. 19 September 2013.
"Day of transformation in Bahrain's 'sacred square'". BBC News. 19 February 2011.
"Bangladeshis complain of Bahrain rally 'coercion'". BBC News. 17 March 2011.
"Gulf States Send Force to Bahrain Following Protests". BBC News. 14 March 2011. Archived from the original on 20 April 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
"Bahrain protesters join anti-government march in Manama". BBC. 9 March 2012.
Law, Bill (6 April 2011). "Police Brutality Turns Bahrain Into 'Island of Fear' Archived 1 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Crossing Continents (via BBC News). Retrieved 15 April 2011.
Law, Bill (22 March 2011). "Bahrain Rulers Unleash 'Campaign of Intimidation'" Archived 3 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Crossing Continents (via BBC News). Retrieved 15 April 2011.
"Bahrain protesters join anti-government march in Manama". BBC. 9 March 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2012.

news.bbc.co.uk

Bahrain Timeline Archived 18 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine BBC

bici.org.bh

"Report of the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry". BICI.

biu.ac.il

meria.biu.ac.il

Adel Darwish. "Middle East Review of International Affairs". Archived from the original on 5 May 2006.

books.google.com

Background Notes: Mideast, March, 2011. InfoStrategist.com. 2011. p. 100. ISBN 9781592431267. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
Larsen, Curtis E. (1983). Life and Land Use on the Bahrain Islands: The Geoarchaeology of an Ancient Society. University of Chicago Press. pp. 50–51. ISBN 978-0-226-46906-5.
Crawford, Harriet E. W.; Rice, Michael (2000). Traces of Paradise: The Archaeology of Bahrain, 2500 BC to 300 AD. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 217. ISBN 9781860647420. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
Mouthed-Zadeh, Pirouz (5 November 2013). Security and Territoriality in the Persian Gulf: A Maritime Political Geography. Taylor & Francis. pp. 119 and others. ISBN 978-1-136-81724-3.
Larsen, Curtis E. (1983). Life and Land Use on the Bahrain Islands: The Geoarchaeology of an Ancient Society. University of Chicago Press. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-226-46906-5.
P. T. H. Unwin; Tim Unwin (18 June 1996). Wine and the Vine: An Historical Geography of Viticulture and the Wine Trade. Psychology Press. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-415-14416-2. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
Thorkild Jacobsen (23 September 1997). The Harps that once--: Sumerian poetry in translation, p. 150. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07278-5. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
Kaveh Farrokh (2007). Shadows in the desert: ancient Persia at war. Bloomsbury USA. p. 68. ISBN 978-1-84603-108-3.
Larsen, Curtis E. (1983). Life and Land Use on the Bahrain Islands: The Geoarchaeology of an Ancient Society. University of Chicago Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-226-46906-5.
Holes, Clive (2001). Dialect, Culture, and Society in Eastern Arabia: Glossary. BRILL. pp. XXIV–XXVI. ISBN 978-9004107632. Thus the elements in the pre-Islamic ethno-linguistic situation in eastern Arabia appear to have been a mixed tribal population of partially Christianised Arabs of diverse origins who probably spoke different old Arabian vernaculars; a mobile Persian-speaking population, possibly of traders and administrators, with strong links to Persia, which they maintained close contact; a small sedentary, non-tribal community of Aramaic-speaking agriculturalists; a Persian clergy, who we know for certain, used Syriac as a language of liturgy and writing more generally, probably alongside Persian as a spoken language. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
Netton, Ian Richard (9 March 2006). A Popular Dictionary of Islam. Routledge. ISBN 9781135797737.
Husain Syed, Muzaffar (2011). A concise history of Islam. Syed Saud Akhtar, Babuddin Usmani (unabridged ed.). Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. pp. 421–3. ISBN 9789382573470. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
Smart, J. R. (2013). Tradition and Modernity in Arabic Language And Literature. Psychology Press. ISBN 9780700704118. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
Houtsma, M. Th (1993). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936, Volume 5. BRILL. p. 98. ISBN 978-9004097919. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
Robinson, Francis, ed. (1998). The Cambridge illustrated history of the Islamic world (Repr. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 132. ISBN 9780521669931. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
Larsen, Curtis E. (1983). Life and Land Use on the Bahrain Islands: The Geoarchaeology of an Ancient Society. University of Chicago Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-226-46906-5.
Larsen, Curtis E. (1983). Life and Land Use on the Bahrain Islands: The Geoarchaeology of an Ancient Society. University of Chicago Press. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-226-46906-5.
Larsen, Curtis E. (1983). Life and Land Use on the Bahrain Islands: The Geoarchaeology of an Ancient Society. University of Chicago Press. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-226-46906-5.
According to the Cambridge History of Islam Archived 15 December 2022 at the Wayback Machine, it conflictingly states that the Ottomans conquered Bahrain in 1554, contradicting other sources.
Al-Baharna, Husain (1968). Legal Status of the Arabian Gulf States: A Study of Their Treaty Relations and Their International Problems. Manchester University Press. p. 31. ISBN 0719003326.
Pridham, B.R. (2004). New Arabian Studies, Volume 6. University of Exeter Press. pp. 51, 52, 53, 67, 68. ISBN 0859897060.
Dialect, Culture, and Society in Eastern Arabia: Glossary. Clive Holes. 2001. Page 135. ISBN 90-04-10763-0
Pridham, B. R. (1985). The Arab Gulf and the West. Croom Helm. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-7099-4011-1.
Wilson, Arnold T. (23 May 2012). The Persian Gulf. Routledge. ISBN 978-1136841057.
Larsen, Curtis E. (1983). Life and Land Use on the Bahrain Islands: The Geoarchaeology of an Ancient Society. University of Chicago Press. p. 72. ISBN 978-0-226-46906-5.
Mojtahed-Zadeh, Pirouz (1999). Security and Territoriality in the Persian Gulf: A Maritime Political Geography. Routledge. p. 130. ISBN 0700710981.

brillonline.nl

Rentz, G. "al- Baḥrayn." Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2008. Brill Online. 15 March 2008 [1]^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Rentz, G. "DJABRIDS". Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman ، Th. Bianquis ، C.E. Bosworth ، E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2007. Brill Online. [2]^{[permanent dead link‍]}

britannica.com

"Black Stone of Mecca" Archived 3 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 25 June 2007.

britishempire.co.uk

"Bahrain". Retrieved 22 March 2011.

britishmuseum.org

"Historical objects (artefacts) found in Shakhoura". British Museum. Archived from the original on 29 September 2024: Objects related to the Parthian period have been found in Shahkhoura, in addition to the Greek (Tylos) period.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)

cdlib.org

content.cdlib.org

Autobiography of Sheikh Yusuf Al Bahrani Archived 15 December 2022 at the Wayback Machine published in Interpreting the Self, Autobiography in the Arabic Literary Tradition, Edited by Dwight F. Reynolds, University of California Press Berkeley 2001
The Autobiography of Yūsuf al-Bahrānī (1696–1772) from Lu'lu'at al-Baḥrayn, from the final chapter An Account of the Life of the Author and the Events That Have Befallen Him Archived 15 December 2022 at the Wayback Machine featured in Interpreting the Self, Autobiography in the Arabic Literary Tradition, Edited by Dwight F. Reynolds, University of California Press Berkeley 2001 p221

comandosupremo.com

"Italian Raid on Manama 1940". Archived from the original on 16 October 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012.

constructionweekonline.com

"Qatar, Bahrain to build friendship bridge". Retrieved 23 June 2012.

core.ac.uk

Bilal Ahmad Kutty (1997). Saudi Arabia under King Faisal (PDF) (PhD thesis). Aligarh Muslim University. pp. 45–46.

country-data.com

"Bahrain: Discovery of Oil". January 1993. Retrieved 22 March 2011.

csmonitor.com

Chick, Kristen (1 April 2011). "Bahrain's Calculated Campaign of Intimidation – Bahraini Activists and Locals Describe Midnight Arrests, Disappearances, Beatings at Checkpoints, and Denial of Medical Care – All Aimed at Deflating the Country's Pro-Democracy Protest Movement" Archived 9 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine. The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 15 April 2011.

doi.org

J. B. Kelly (January 1957). "The Persian Claim to Bahrain". International Affairs. 33 (1): 60. doi:10.2307/2604468. JSTOR 2604468.

dur.ac.uk

etheses.dur.ac.uk

Al-Rumaihi, Mohammed Ghanim (1973). "Social and political change in Bahrain since the First World War" (PDF). Durham University. pp. 46–47. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 August 2022.

foreignaffairs.com

Kinninmont, Jane (28 February 2011). "Bahrain's Re-Reform Movement". Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 17 June 2012.

ft.com

(registration required) "UK – Bahrain Union Suspends General Strike" Archived 27 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Financial Times. 22 March 2011. Retrieved 9 April 2011.

ghostarchive.org

Melis, Nicola. "The importance of Hormuz for Luso-Ottoman Gulf-centred policies in the 16th century Some observations based on contemporary sources" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2013.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Farmer, Ben (18 March 2011). "Bahrain authorities destroy Pearl Roundabout". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022.

hadithprophet.com

"أخذ رسول الله ﷺ الجزية من مجوس البحرين – سنن الترمذي". hadithprophet.com (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 7 September 2024. «أخذ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم الجزية من مجوس البحرين» [The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, took the jizya from the Magians of Bahrain.]

highbeam.com

Malik, Adnan (14 December 2002). "Bahrain's monarch opens parliament after a span of nearly 30 years". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012 – via HighBeam Research.
"The Rich/Poor & Sunni/Shiite Rift". APS Diplomat. 18 March 2002. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2012 – via HighBeam Research.

idc.ac.il

meria.idc.ac.il

Darwish, Adel (March 1999). "Rebellion in Bahrain". Middle East Review of International Affairs. 3 (1). Archived from the original on 14 April 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

independent.co.uk

Cockburn, Patrick (18 March 2011). "The Footage That Reveals the Brutal Truth About Bahrain's Crackdown – Seven Protest Leaders Arrested as Video Clip Highlights Regime's Ruthless Grip on Power" Archived 28 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine. The Independent. Retrieved 15 April 2011.

ismaili.net

The Qarmatians in Bahrain Archived 17 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Ismaili Net

jstor.org

Khulusi, Safa (1975). Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies. Vol. 6. London: Archaeopress. p. 92. JSTOR 41223173. (registration required)
J. B. Kelly (January 1957). "The Persian Claim to Bahrain". International Affairs. 33 (1): 60. doi:10.2307/2604468. JSTOR 2604468.

looklex.com

"Bahrain Education". Retrieved 17 June 2012.

mcgill.ca

digitool.library.mcgill.ca

Bashir, Sani Ali (1981). "A study of Al-Khalifah's rule in Bahrain, 1783–1820" (Thesis). McGill University. p. 4. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
Bashir, Sani Ali (1981). "A study of Al-Khalifah's rule in Bahrain, 1783–1820" (Thesis). McGill University. p. 6. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
Bashir, Sani Ali (1981). "A study of Al-Khalifah's rule in Bahrain, 1783–1820" (Thesis). McGill University. p. 7. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
Bashir, Sani Ali (1981). "A study of Al-Khalifah's rule in Bahrain, 1783–1820" (Thesis). McGill University. Retrieved 23 May 2016.

moc.gov.qa

Al-Ali, Khalid bin Ghanem (2024). الُهَُوِّيَة الَوَطنّيّة الَقَطرّيّة [Qatari National Identity] (PDF) (in Arabic). Ministry of Culture (Qatar). p. 53.
Al-Ali, Khalid bin Ghanem (2024). الُهَُوِّيَة الَوَطنّيّة الَقَطرّيّة [Qatari National Identity] (PDF) (in Arabic). Ministry of Culture (Qatar). p. 60.

nicolamelis.org

Melis, Nicola. "The importance of Hormuz for Luso-Ottoman Gulf-centred policies in the 16th century Some observations based on contemporary sources" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2013.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

phys.org

Maddern, Kerra; Exeter, University of. "Archaeologists discover one of the earliest Christian buildings in Bahrain". phys.org. Archived from the original on 14 July 2024. Retrieved 26 July 2024.

pogar.org

"Country Theme: Elections: Bahrain". UNDP-Programme on Governance in the Arab Region. 2011. Archived from the original on 10 May 2011. Retrieved 9 February 2011.

proquest.com

Talal Toufic Farah (1979). Protection and Politics in Bahrain, 1869–1915 (PhD thesis). University of London. pp. 26–27, 51. ISBN 978-0-438-69521-4. OCLC 13992770. ProQuest 2184778942.

questia.com

Darwish, Adel (1 March 1999). "Bahrain remains stable despite arson attacks that took place in the country". The Middle East.^{[dead link‍]}

reuters.com

uk.reuters.com

"Bahrain declares state of emergency after unrest". Reuters. 15 March 2011. Archived from the original on 11 January 2016.
"Mass pro-democracy protest rocks Bahrain". Reuters. 9 March 2012. Archived from the original on 11 January 2016.
"Bahrain delays U.N. investigator, limits rights group visits". Reuters. 1 March 2012. Archived from the original on 1 February 2016.

reuters.com

"Thousands rally for reform in Bahrain". Reuters. 11 June 2011. Archived from the original on 22 October 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2017.

saudiaramcoworld.com

"Italian Air Raid!". Archived from the original on 29 September 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

scoop.co.nz

Press release (30 March 2011). "USA Emphatic Support to Saudi Arabia" Archived 19 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Zayd Alisa (via Scoop). Retrieved 15 April 2011.

sonsofsunnah.com

ADMIN (19 July 2016). "Persian (Larestani/Khodmooni) Sunnis – A shaping force in Bahrain". Archived from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 7 September 2024.

state.gov

fpc.state.gov

Kenneth Katzman (21 March 2011). "Bahrain: Reform, Security, and U.S. Policy" Archived 11 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 2 July 2012

sunnah.com

Jamiʽ al-Tirmidhi 1588

tau.ac.il

humanities.tau.ac.il

Mueller, Chelsi (15 April 2019). "Nationalism in Bahrain: From the Rise of Popular Politics to the Arab Spring" (PDF). The Lester and Sally Entin Faculty of Humanities, Tel Aviv University: 2–3.

telegraph.co.uk

Farmer, Ben (18 March 2011). "Bahrain authorities destroy Pearl Roundabout". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022.

theestimate.com

"The Kingdom of Bahrain: The Constitutional Changes". The Estimate: Political and Security Analysis of the Islamic World and its Neighbors. 22 February 2002. Archived from the original on 3 October 2009. Retrieved 17 February 2011.

theguardian.com

"Bahrain mourners call for end to monarchy". The Guardian. London. 18 February 2011.
Chulov, Martin (1 June 2011). "Bahrain sees new clashes as martial law lifted". The Guardian. London.

theregister.co.uk

"The UK Register, Science, Lost ancient civilisation's ruins lie beneath Gulf, By Lewis Page Science, 9 December 2010". The Register. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2017.

ucsm.ac.uk

philtar.ucsm.ac.uk

"Qarmatiyyah". Overview of World Religions. St. Martin's College. Archived from the original on 28 April 2007. Retrieved 4 May 2007.

un.org

daccess-dds-ny.un.org

The Question of Bahrain Archived 6 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine United Nations

washingtonpost.com

Applying pressure on Bahrain Archived 10 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine, 9 May 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2011

web.archive.org

"The UK Register, Science, Lost ancient civilisation's ruins lie beneath Gulf, By Lewis Page Science, 9 December 2010". The Register. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
"Historical objects (artefacts) found in Shakhoura". British Museum. Archived from the original on 29 September 2024: Objects related to the Parthian period have been found in Shahkhoura, in addition to the Greek (Tylos) period.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
Maddern, Kerra; Exeter, University of. "Archaeologists discover one of the earliest Christian buildings in Bahrain". phys.org. Archived from the original on 14 July 2024. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
"أخذ رسول الله ﷺ الجزية من مجوس البحرين – سنن الترمذي". hadithprophet.com (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 7 September 2024. «أخذ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم الجزية من مجوس البحرين» [The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, took the jizya from the Magians of Bahrain.]
"الموقع الرسمي للشيخ محمد صالح المنجد – 09- حديث مال البحرين". almunajjid.com. Archived from the original on 14 April 2024. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
The Qarmatians in Bahrain Archived 17 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Ismaili Net
"Qarmatiyyah". Overview of World Religions. St. Martin's College. Archived from the original on 28 April 2007. Retrieved 4 May 2007.
"Black Stone of Mecca" Archived 3 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 25 June 2007.
According to the Cambridge History of Islam Archived 15 December 2022 at the Wayback Machine, it conflictingly states that the Ottomans conquered Bahrain in 1554, contradicting other sources.
Autobiography of Sheikh Yusuf Al Bahrani Archived 15 December 2022 at the Wayback Machine published in Interpreting the Self, Autobiography in the Arabic Literary Tradition, Edited by Dwight F. Reynolds, University of California Press Berkeley 2001
The Autobiography of Yūsuf al-Bahrānī (1696–1772) from Lu'lu'at al-Baḥrayn, from the final chapter An Account of the Life of the Author and the Events That Have Befallen Him Archived 15 December 2022 at the Wayback Machine featured in Interpreting the Self, Autobiography in the Arabic Literary Tradition, Edited by Dwight F. Reynolds, University of California Press Berkeley 2001 p221
"العجم السنة في الخليج لم يواجهوا تمييزاً عرقيا" [Sunni Ajams in the Gulf did not face racial discrimination]. مركز المسبار للدراسات والبحوث (in Arabic). 15 September 2013. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
ADMIN (19 July 2016). "Persian (Larestani/Khodmooni) Sunnis – A shaping force in Bahrain". Archived from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
[3], Cambridge Archive Editions: Bahrain
"Italian Air Raid!". Archived from the original on 29 September 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.
"Italian Raid on Manama 1940". Archived from the original on 16 October 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
Kenneth Katzman (21 March 2011). "Bahrain: Reform, Security, and U.S. Policy" Archived 11 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 2 July 2012
The Question of Bahrain Archived 6 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine United Nations
"تاريخ العرق الفارسي في البحرين" [History of the Persian race in Bahrain] (PDF). Al-Waqt (1346). 28 October 2009. Archived from the original on 8 November 2024. Retrieved 31 October 2024.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
Bahrain profile Archived 3 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine BBC News
Bahrain Timeline Archived 18 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine BBC
Darwish, Adel (March 1999). "Rebellion in Bahrain". Middle East Review of International Affairs. 3 (1). Archived from the original on 14 April 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.
Malik, Adnan (14 December 2002). "Bahrain's monarch opens parliament after a span of nearly 30 years". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012 – via HighBeam Research.
"The Rich/Poor & Sunni/Shiite Rift". APS Diplomat. 18 March 2002. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2012 – via HighBeam Research.
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Talal Toufic Farah (1979). Protection and Politics in Bahrain, 1869–1915 (PhD thesis). University of London. pp. 26–27, 51. ISBN 978-0-438-69521-4. OCLC 13992770. ProQuest 2184778942.