History of Buffalo, New York (English Wikipedia)

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Clinton, George W.; Hunt, Sanford B. (1862). Thomas' Buffalo City Directory for 1862, to which is Prefixed a Sketch of the Early History of Buffalo. Buffalo, NY: E.A. Thomas, Franklin Steam Printing House. p. 16. Archived from the original on September 25, 2015. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
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Kowsky, Francis R. (2006). "Monuments of a Vanished Prosperity: Buffalo's Grain Elevators and the Rise and Fall of the Great Transnational System of Grain Transport" (PDF). In Schneekloth, Lynda H. (ed.). Reconsidering Concrete Atlantis: Buffalo Grain Elevators. The Urban Design Project, School of Architecture and Planning, University at Buffalo. pp. 24–25. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 27, 2016. Retrieved September 25, 2016.

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Priebe Jr., J. Henry. "The City of Buffalo 1840–1850". Archived from the original on September 5, 2013. Retrieved September 9, 2007.

buffalonews.com

Gee, Denise Jewell (December 30, 2013). "200 years ago, the village of Buffalo burned". The Buffalo News. Archived from the original on February 27, 2017. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
"The Buffalo of Yesteryear: Chictawauga, Scajaquady and the 'morass' that was Buffalo". The Buffalo News. November 29, 2017. Archived from the original on November 29, 2017. Retrieved November 29, 2017.

buffalonian.com

Rizzo, Michael. "Joseph J. Kelly 1942–1945". Through The Mayor's Eyes. The Buffalonian. Archived from the original on September 26, 2011.

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"Accused gunman taunted police online, visited Buffalo, N.Y., ahead of massacre". CBC News. Associated Press. May 17, 2022 [May 16, 2022].

census.gov

US Population of the 100 Largest Cities and other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990 Archived 2007-03-14 at the Wayback Machine Census.gov

coloredconventions.org

National Convention of Colored Citizens: 1843

cp24.com

Thompson, Carolyn (December 27, 2022). "Military police enforce driving ban in snow-stricken Buffalo". Associated Press. Retrieved December 27, 2022.

doi.org

Wesley, Charles H. (January 1944). "The Participation of Negroes in Anti-Slavery Political Parties". The Journal of Negro History. 29 (1): 43–44, 51–52, 55, 65. doi:10.2307/2714753. JSTOR 2714753. S2CID 149675414.

go.com

abcnews.go.com

Thompson, Caroly (December 26, 2022). "Buffalo faces more snow after deadliest storm in decades". ABC News. ABC News. Retrieved December 27, 2022.

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hdl.handle.net

Bingham 1931, pp. 132–134. Bingham, Robert W. (1931). The cradle of the Queen city: a history of Buffalo to the incorporation of the city. Publications, Buffalo Historical Society, v. 31. Buffalo, N.Y.: Buffalo Historical Society. hdl:2027/uva.x000743988. OCLC 364308016. Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
Bingham 1931, pp. 137–138. Bingham, Robert W. (1931). The cradle of the Queen city: a history of Buffalo to the incorporation of the city. Publications, Buffalo Historical Society, v. 31. Buffalo, N.Y.: Buffalo Historical Society. hdl:2027/uva.x000743988. OCLC 364308016. Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
Bingham 1931, p. 145. Bingham, Robert W. (1931). The cradle of the Queen city: a history of Buffalo to the incorporation of the city. Publications, Buffalo Historical Society, v. 31. Buffalo, N.Y.: Buffalo Historical Society. hdl:2027/uva.x000743988. OCLC 364308016. Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
Bartlett, George Hunter (1922). Recalling Pioneer Days. The Buffalo Historical Society. p. 3. hdl:2027/wu.89065904492.
Bingham 1931, p. 146. Bingham, Robert W. (1931). The cradle of the Queen city: a history of Buffalo to the incorporation of the city. Publications, Buffalo Historical Society, v. 31. Buffalo, N.Y.: Buffalo Historical Society. hdl:2027/uva.x000743988. OCLC 364308016. Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
Bingham 1931, p. 493. Bingham, Robert W. (1931). The cradle of the Queen city: a history of Buffalo to the incorporation of the city. Publications, Buffalo Historical Society, v. 31. Buffalo, N.Y.: Buffalo Historical Society. hdl:2027/uva.x000743988. OCLC 364308016. Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
Bingham 1931, pp. 356–357. Bingham, Robert W. (1931). The cradle of the Queen city: a history of Buffalo to the incorporation of the city. Publications, Buffalo Historical Society, v. 31. Buffalo, N.Y.: Buffalo Historical Society. hdl:2027/uva.x000743988. OCLC 364308016. Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
Bingham 1931, p. 385. Bingham, Robert W. (1931). The cradle of the Queen city: a history of Buffalo to the incorporation of the city. Publications, Buffalo Historical Society, v. 31. Buffalo, N.Y.: Buffalo Historical Society. hdl:2027/uva.x000743988. OCLC 364308016. Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2021.

history.com

"Erie Canal opens". The History Channel website. Archived from the original on October 14, 2014. Retrieved October 29, 2014.

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The Buffalo History Museum (2021). "Buffalo's Name Origin: Theories Summarized and Ranked". Buffalo, NY. Retrieved February 10, 2023.

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Stewart, John (1899). "Early Maps and Surveyors of the City of Washington, D. C.". Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington, D.C. 2: 48–71. JSTOR 40066723.
Wesley, Charles H. (January 1944). "The Participation of Negroes in Anti-Slavery Political Parties". The Journal of Negro History. 29 (1): 43–44, 51–52, 55, 65. doi:10.2307/2714753. JSTOR 2714753. S2CID 149675414.

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Thompson 1977, p. 152. Thompson, John H. (1977). Geography of New York State. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 9780815621829. LCCN 77004337. OCLC 2874807.
Savage, Beth L.; Shull, Carol D. (1994). African American Historic Places. Washington, D.C.: Preservation Press. pp. 346–347. ISBN 9780471143451. LCCN 94033218. OCLC 30976865.

newadvent.org

Catholic Encyclopedia, "The Hurons"

nps.gov

"A Brief Chronology of the Development of the City of Buffalo". National Park Service. Archived from the original on November 4, 2014. Retrieved October 29, 2014.

ny.gov

canals.ny.gov

"Canal History". New York State Canals. New York State Canal Corporation. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved October 29, 2014.

bfsa.ny.gov

"Annual Report of the Buffalo Fiscal Stability Authority 2022-2023" (PDF). Retrieved December 1, 2023.

nylearns.org

bechsed.nylearns.org

Baxter, Henry. "Grain Elevators" (PDF). Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 13, 2014. Retrieved October 29, 2014.

parksidebuffalo.org

"1941–1945". History. Parkside Community Association. Archived from the original on July 8, 2010.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Wesley, Charles H. (January 1944). "The Participation of Negroes in Anti-Slavery Political Parties". The Journal of Negro History. 29 (1): 43–44, 51–52, 55, 65. doi:10.2307/2714753. JSTOR 2714753. S2CID 149675414.

state.ny.us

bfsa.state.ny.us

Official Site of the Buffalo Fiscal Stability Authority www.bfsa.state.ny.us

ecfsa.state.ny.us

Erie County Fiscal Stability Authority www.ecfsa.state.ny.us

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quod.lib.umich.edu

Champieux, Robin (April 2003). "John W. Clark papers". William L. Clements Library. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on October 29, 2014. Retrieved October 29, 2014.

web.archive.org

US Population of the 100 Largest Cities and other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990 Archived 2007-03-14 at the Wayback Machine Census.gov
Bingham 1931, pp. 132–134. Bingham, Robert W. (1931). The cradle of the Queen city: a history of Buffalo to the incorporation of the city. Publications, Buffalo Historical Society, v. 31. Buffalo, N.Y.: Buffalo Historical Society. hdl:2027/uva.x000743988. OCLC 364308016. Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
Bingham 1931, pp. 137–138. Bingham, Robert W. (1931). The cradle of the Queen city: a history of Buffalo to the incorporation of the city. Publications, Buffalo Historical Society, v. 31. Buffalo, N.Y.: Buffalo Historical Society. hdl:2027/uva.x000743988. OCLC 364308016. Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
Bingham 1931, p. 145. Bingham, Robert W. (1931). The cradle of the Queen city: a history of Buffalo to the incorporation of the city. Publications, Buffalo Historical Society, v. 31. Buffalo, N.Y.: Buffalo Historical Society. hdl:2027/uva.x000743988. OCLC 364308016. Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
Bingham 1931, p. 146. Bingham, Robert W. (1931). The cradle of the Queen city: a history of Buffalo to the incorporation of the city. Publications, Buffalo Historical Society, v. 31. Buffalo, N.Y.: Buffalo Historical Society. hdl:2027/uva.x000743988. OCLC 364308016. Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
Fernald, Frederik Atherton (1910). The index guide to Buffalo and Niagara Falls. The Library of Congress. Buffalo, N.Y., F.A. Fernald. pp. 21. Archived from the original on March 26, 2017. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
Clinton, George W.; Hunt, Sanford B. (1862). Thomas' Buffalo City Directory for 1862, to which is Prefixed a Sketch of the Early History of Buffalo. Buffalo, NY: E.A. Thomas, Franklin Steam Printing House. p. 16. Archived from the original on September 25, 2015. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
Bingham 1931, p. 493. Bingham, Robert W. (1931). The cradle of the Queen city: a history of Buffalo to the incorporation of the city. Publications, Buffalo Historical Society, v. 31. Buffalo, N.Y.: Buffalo Historical Society. hdl:2027/uva.x000743988. OCLC 364308016. Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
Bingham 1931, pp. 356–357. Bingham, Robert W. (1931). The cradle of the Queen city: a history of Buffalo to the incorporation of the city. Publications, Buffalo Historical Society, v. 31. Buffalo, N.Y.: Buffalo Historical Society. hdl:2027/uva.x000743988. OCLC 364308016. Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
Gee, Denise Jewell (December 30, 2013). "200 years ago, the village of Buffalo burned". The Buffalo News. Archived from the original on February 27, 2017. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
"The Buffalo of Yesteryear: Chictawauga, Scajaquady and the 'morass' that was Buffalo". The Buffalo News. November 29, 2017. Archived from the original on November 29, 2017. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
"Erie Canal opens". The History Channel website. Archived from the original on October 14, 2014. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
"Canal History". New York State Canals. New York State Canal Corporation. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
Champieux, Robin (April 2003). "John W. Clark papers". William L. Clements Library. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on October 29, 2014. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
"A Brief Chronology of the Development of the City of Buffalo". National Park Service. Archived from the original on November 4, 2014. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
American Colossus: the Grain Elevator 1843-1943 (Colossus Books, 2009) Archived 2012-07-02 at the Wayback Machine www.american-colossus.com
Priebe Jr., J. Henry. "The City of Buffalo 1840–1850". Archived from the original on September 5, 2013. Retrieved September 9, 2007.
Baxter, Henry. "Grain Elevators" (PDF). Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 13, 2014. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
Kowsky, Francis R. (2006). "Monuments of a Vanished Prosperity: Buffalo's Grain Elevators and the Rise and Fall of the Great Transnational System of Grain Transport" (PDF). In Schneekloth, Lynda H. (ed.). Reconsidering Concrete Atlantis: Buffalo Grain Elevators. The Urban Design Project, School of Architecture and Planning, University at Buffalo. pp. 24–25. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 27, 2016. Retrieved September 25, 2016.
Bingham 1931, p. 385. Bingham, Robert W. (1931). The cradle of the Queen city: a history of Buffalo to the incorporation of the city. Publications, Buffalo Historical Society, v. 31. Buffalo, N.Y.: Buffalo Historical Society. hdl:2027/uva.x000743988. OCLC 364308016. Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
"1941–1945". History. Parkside Community Association. Archived from the original on July 8, 2010.
Rizzo, Michael. "Joseph J. Kelly 1942–1945". Through The Mayor's Eyes. The Buffalonian. Archived from the original on September 26, 2011.

wkbw.com

"What census numbers could mean for WNY". WKBW. August 13, 2021. Retrieved August 13, 2021.

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Becker 1906, pp. 106–107. Becker, Sophie C. (1906). Sketches of early Buffalo and the Niagara region. Buffalo, N.Y.: McLaughlin Press. OCLC 12629461.
Ketchum 1865, p. 141. Ketchum, William (1865). An Authentic and Comprehensive History of Buffalo, with Some Account of Its Early Inhabitants, Both Savage and Civilized, Comprising Historic Notices of the Six Nations, Or Iroquois Indians, Vol. II. Buffalo, N.Y.: Rockwell, Baker & Hill. ISBN 9780665514968. OCLC 49073883.
Bingham 1931, pp. 132–134. Bingham, Robert W. (1931). The cradle of the Queen city: a history of Buffalo to the incorporation of the city. Publications, Buffalo Historical Society, v. 31. Buffalo, N.Y.: Buffalo Historical Society. hdl:2027/uva.x000743988. OCLC 364308016. Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
Becker 1906, pp. 106–108. Becker, Sophie C. (1906). Sketches of early Buffalo and the Niagara region. Buffalo, N.Y.: McLaughlin Press. OCLC 12629461.
Bingham 1931, pp. 137–138. Bingham, Robert W. (1931). The cradle of the Queen city: a history of Buffalo to the incorporation of the city. Publications, Buffalo Historical Society, v. 31. Buffalo, N.Y.: Buffalo Historical Society. hdl:2027/uva.x000743988. OCLC 364308016. Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
Turner 1849, p. 401. Turner, Orsamus (1849). Pioneer history of the Holland Purchase of western New York. Buffalo, N.Y.: Jewett, Thomas & Co. OCLC 14246512.
Bingham 1931, p. 145. Bingham, Robert W. (1931). The cradle of the Queen city: a history of Buffalo to the incorporation of the city. Publications, Buffalo Historical Society, v. 31. Buffalo, N.Y.: Buffalo Historical Society. hdl:2027/uva.x000743988. OCLC 364308016. Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
Bingham 1931, p. 146. Bingham, Robert W. (1931). The cradle of the Queen city: a history of Buffalo to the incorporation of the city. Publications, Buffalo Historical Society, v. 31. Buffalo, N.Y.: Buffalo Historical Society. hdl:2027/uva.x000743988. OCLC 364308016. Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
Becker 1906, p. 111. Becker, Sophie C. (1906). Sketches of early Buffalo and the Niagara region. Buffalo, N.Y.: McLaughlin Press. OCLC 12629461.
French & Place 1860, p. 210. French, J. H.; Place, Frank (1860). Gazetteer of the State of New York. Syracuse, N.Y.: R. Pearsall Smith. OCLC 682410715.
Ketchum 1865, pp. 156–167. Ketchum, William (1865). An Authentic and Comprehensive History of Buffalo, with Some Account of Its Early Inhabitants, Both Savage and Civilized, Comprising Historic Notices of the Six Nations, Or Iroquois Indians, Vol. II. Buffalo, N.Y.: Rockwell, Baker & Hill. ISBN 9780665514968. OCLC 49073883.
Turner 1849, p. 439. Turner, Orsamus (1849). Pioneer history of the Holland Purchase of western New York. Buffalo, N.Y.: Jewett, Thomas & Co. OCLC 14246512.
Thompson 1977, p. 152. Thompson, John H. (1977). Geography of New York State. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 9780815621829. LCCN 77004337. OCLC 2874807.
Turner 1849, p. 494. Turner, Orsamus (1849). Pioneer history of the Holland Purchase of western New York. Buffalo, N.Y.: Jewett, Thomas & Co. OCLC 14246512.
Turner 1849, p. 495. Turner, Orsamus (1849). Pioneer history of the Holland Purchase of western New York. Buffalo, N.Y.: Jewett, Thomas & Co. OCLC 14246512.
Turner 1849, p. 498. Turner, Orsamus (1849). Pioneer history of the Holland Purchase of western New York. Buffalo, N.Y.: Jewett, Thomas & Co. OCLC 14246512.
Becker 1906, pp. 114–115. Becker, Sophie C. (1906). Sketches of early Buffalo and the Niagara region. Buffalo, N.Y.: McLaughlin Press. OCLC 12629461.
Becker 1906, pp. 111, 118. Becker, Sophie C. (1906). Sketches of early Buffalo and the Niagara region. Buffalo, N.Y.: McLaughlin Press. OCLC 12629461.
Bingham 1931, p. 493. Bingham, Robert W. (1931). The cradle of the Queen city: a history of Buffalo to the incorporation of the city. Publications, Buffalo Historical Society, v. 31. Buffalo, N.Y.: Buffalo Historical Society. hdl:2027/uva.x000743988. OCLC 364308016. Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
Becker 1906, p. 115. Becker, Sophie C. (1906). Sketches of early Buffalo and the Niagara region. Buffalo, N.Y.: McLaughlin Press. OCLC 12629461.
Bingham 1931, pp. 356–357. Bingham, Robert W. (1931). The cradle of the Queen city: a history of Buffalo to the incorporation of the city. Publications, Buffalo Historical Society, v. 31. Buffalo, N.Y.: Buffalo Historical Society. hdl:2027/uva.x000743988. OCLC 364308016. Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
Becker 1906, pp. 115, 118. Becker, Sophie C. (1906). Sketches of early Buffalo and the Niagara region. Buffalo, N.Y.: McLaughlin Press. OCLC 12629461.
Becker 1906, pp. 125–126. Becker, Sophie C. (1906). Sketches of early Buffalo and the Niagara region. Buffalo, N.Y.: McLaughlin Press. OCLC 12629461.
Becker 1906, p. 132. Becker, Sophie C. (1906). Sketches of early Buffalo and the Niagara region. Buffalo, N.Y.: McLaughlin Press. OCLC 12629461.
Goldman 1983, p. 72. Goldman, Mark (1983). High hopes: the rise and decline of Buffalo, New York. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780873957342. OCLC 09110713.
Goldman 1983, pp. 72–74. Goldman, Mark (1983). High hopes: the rise and decline of Buffalo, New York. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780873957342. OCLC 09110713.
Goldman 1983, pp. 75–76. Goldman, Mark (1983). High hopes: the rise and decline of Buffalo, New York. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780873957342. OCLC 09110713.
Goldman 1983, p. 87. Goldman, Mark (1983). High hopes: the rise and decline of Buffalo, New York. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780873957342. OCLC 09110713.
Savage, Beth L.; Shull, Carol D. (1994). African American Historic Places. Washington, D.C.: Preservation Press. pp. 346–347. ISBN 9780471143451. LCCN 94033218. OCLC 30976865.
French & Place 1860, pp. 66–74. French, J. H.; Place, Frank (1860). Gazetteer of the State of New York. Syracuse, N.Y.: R. Pearsall Smith. OCLC 682410715.
French & Place 1860, p. 286. French, J. H.; Place, Frank (1860). Gazetteer of the State of New York. Syracuse, N.Y.: R. Pearsall Smith. OCLC 682410715.
Bingham 1931, p. 385. Bingham, Robert W. (1931). The cradle of the Queen city: a history of Buffalo to the incorporation of the city. Publications, Buffalo Historical Society, v. 31. Buffalo, N.Y.: Buffalo Historical Society. hdl:2027/uva.x000743988. OCLC 364308016. Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
Goldman 1983, p. 270. Goldman, Mark (1983). High hopes: the rise and decline of Buffalo, New York. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780873957342. OCLC 09110713.
Goldman 1983, p. 271. Goldman, Mark (1983). High hopes: the rise and decline of Buffalo, New York. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780873957342. OCLC 09110713.