History of California before 1900 (English Wikipedia)

Michael Kazin, "The great exception revisited: Organized labor and politics in San Francisco and Los Angeles, 1870-1940." Pacific Historical Review (1986): 371-402. online

about.com (Global: 419^th place; English: 335^th place)

americanhistory.about.com

"Going to California: 49ers and the Gold Rush". Archived from the original on April 12, 2003. Retrieved September 4, 2006.

americanjourneys.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Information from Monterey County Museum about Vizcaino's voyage and Monterey landing (retrieved 2006-12-18); Summary of Vizcaino expedition diary (retrieved 2006-12-18)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Neil G. Sugihara; Jan W. Van Wagtendonk; Kevin E. Shaffer; Joann Fites-Kaufman; Andrea E. Thode, eds. (2006). "17". Fire in California's Ecosystems. University of California Press. pp. 417. ISBN 978-0-520-24605-8.
Anderson, M. Kat (2006). Tending the Wild: Native American Knowledge and the Management of California's Natural Resources. University of California Press. ISBN 0520248511.
Starr, Kevin (2005). "2". California: A History. New York: Random House – The Modern Library. ISBN 978-0679642404.
Rolle 1998, pp. 20–21. Rolle, Andrew (1998) [1963]. California: A History (5th ed.). Wheeling, IL: Harlan Davidson. ISBN 0-88295-938-7.
Geralyn Marie Hoffman; Lynn H. Gamble (2006). A Teacher's Guide to Historical and Contemporary Kumeyaay Culture, A Supplemental Resource for Third and Fourth Grade Teachers. Internet Archive. SCERP and IRSC publications. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-925613-51-6.
Rolle 1998, p. 26. Rolle, Andrew (1998) [1963]. California: A History (5th ed.). Wheeling, IL: Harlan Davidson. ISBN 0-88295-938-7.
Caughey, John Walton (1953). California. New York: Prentice-Hall. p. 178.
Rolle 1998, pp. 51–52. Rolle, Andrew (1998) [1963]. California: A History (5th ed.). Wheeling, IL: Harlan Davidson. ISBN 0-88295-938-7.
Rolle 1998, pp. 83–85. Rolle, Andrew (1998) [1963]. California: A History (5th ed.). Wheeling, IL: Harlan Davidson. ISBN 0-88295-938-7.

archives.gov (Global: 319^th place; English: 166^th place)

"Acorn consumption". Archives.gov. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
"Acorn preparation". Archives.gov. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved November 7, 2017.

berkeley.edu (Global: 621^st place; English: 429^th place)

linguistics.berkeley.edu

"Survey of California and Other Indian Languages". Archived from the original on May 23, 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2018.

books-about-california.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Field, Maria Antonia (1914). "California under Spanish Rule". Chimes of Mission Bells. San Francisco: Philopolis Press.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Cunningham, Laura (2010). State of Change: Forgotten Landscapes of California. Berkeley, California: Heyday. pp. 135, 173–202. ISBN 978-1597141369.
Carlson, Jon D. (2011). Myths, State Expansion, and the Birth of Globalization: A Comparative Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-137-01045-2. Retrieved August 21, 2014.
Hoover, Mildred Brooke; Kyle, Douglas E., eds. (1990). Historic Spots in California. Stanford University Press. p. 359. ISBN 978-0-8047-1734-2. Retrieved August 21, 2014.
Huping Ling (2009). Asian America: Forming New Communities, Expanding Boundaries. Rutgers University Press. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-8135-4867-8.
Tillman, Linda C.; Scheurich, James Joseph (2013). The Handbook of Research on Educational Leadership for Equity and Diversity. Routledge. p. 202. ISBN 978-1-135-12843-2.
Tinker, George E. (January 1, 1993). Missionary Conquest: The Gospel and Native American Cultural Genocide. Fortress Press. ISBN 978-1-4514-0840-9. Archived from the original on July 10, 2023. Retrieved December 10, 2021.
Michael DiLeo, Eleanor Smith, Two Californias: The Truth about the Split-state Movement. Island Press, Covelo, California, 1983, pp. 9–30. Nearly 75% of voters in the proposed Territory of Colorado voted for separate status.
California, Historical Society of Southern; California, Los Angeles County Pioneers of Southern (January 1, 1901). "The Quarterly".
Alexander Saxton, The indispensable enemy: Labor and the anti-Chinese movement in California (Univ of California Press, 1995) online
Dennis Drabelle (2012). The Great American Railroad War: How Ambrose Bierce and Frank Norris Took on the Notorious Central Pacific Railroad. St. Martin's Press. p. 178. ISBN 9781250015051.

ca.gov (Global: 352^nd place; English: 167^th place)

capitolmuseum.ca.gov

"Virtual Tours". Archived from the original on April 29, 2009.

californiahistoryteachers.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

California history teachers, "Immigration to California: 1850-1900" (2025)online

census.gov (Global: 18^th place; English: 18^th place)

2010.census.gov

"Resident Population Data – 2010 Census". Archived from the original on January 1, 2011.

www2.census.gov

U.S. Seventh Census 1850: California Accessed 18 Aug 2011

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Miranda, Deborah A. (April 1, 2010). "Extermination of the Joyas: Gendercide in Spanish California". GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies. 16 (1–2): 47, 253–284. doi:10.1215/10642684-2009-022. ISSN 1064-2684.
Hendry, G. W. (1926). "Francisco Palou’s Boundary Marker". California Historical Society Quarterly, 5(4), 321–327. doi:10.2307/25177843

dukeupress.edu (Global: 5,557^th place; English: 3,265^th place)

read.dukeupress.edu

Miranda, Deborah A. (April 1, 2010). "Extermination of the Joyas: Gendercide in Spanish California". GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies. 16 (1–2): 47, 253–284. doi:10.1215/10642684-2009-022. ISSN 1064-2684.

eh.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Duggan, Marie Christine (May 2014). "El Pacífico hispanoamericano: política y comercio asiático en el Imperio Espanol (1680-1784)". Economic History Association. Retrieved October 29, 2025.

escholarship.org (Global: 1,477^th place; English: 863^rd place)

Elsasser, Albert B. (1979). "Explorations of Hernando Alarcón in the Lower Colorado River Region, 1540". Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology. 1 (1).

fortrossinterpretive.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Fort Ross, California". Archived from the original on May 28, 2010. Retrieved April 2, 2010.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Schurz, William Lytle (1917). "Manila Galleon and California" (PDF). Southwestern Historical Quarterly. 21 (2): 107–126. JSTOR 30234744.
Philip J. Ethington, "Vigilante and the police: The creation of a professional police bureaucracy in San Francisco, 1847–1900." Journal of Social History 21.2 (1987): 197–227. JSTOR 3788141
Richard J. Orsi, "Railroads in the History of California and the Far West: An Introduction." California History (1991): 2–11. JSTOR 25158549

kumeyaay.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Connolly, Mike. "Kumeyaay – The Mexican Period". kumeyaay.com. Retrieved January 11, 2022.

learncalifornia.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"LearnCalifornia.org – Impact of the Gold Rush". Archived from the original on October 20, 2011. Retrieved September 4, 2006.

mchsmuseum.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Information from Monterey County Museum about Vizcaino's voyage and Monterey landing (retrieved 2006-12-18); Summary of Vizcaino expedition diary (retrieved 2006-12-18)

militarymuseum.org (Global: 9,980^th place; English: 5,467^th place)

"Captain John Charles Fremont and the Bear Flag Revolt". California State Military Museum.

museumca.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

explore.museumca.org

See data at "California Population by Ethnic Groups, 1790-1880"

picturethis.museumca.org

Oakland Museum of California, "Railroads Tie California to the Rest of the Nation" (2023) online

myfamily.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

ancestry.myfamily.com

"The French in Early California". Ancestry Magazine. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved March 24, 2006.

openedition.org (Global: 366^th place; English: 883^rd place)

journals.openedition.org

Evelyne Payen-Variéras, "Gilded-Age Entrepreneurs and Local Notables: The Case of the California 'Big Four,' 1861-1877." Transatlantica. Revue d’études américaines. American Studies Journal 1 (2013) online.

pomona.edu (Global: low place; English: 6,461^st place)

magazine.pomona.edu

Wood, Mark (March 11, 2014). "The Island of California". Pomona College Magazine. Pomona College. Retrieved July 10, 2014.

sandiegohistory.org (Global: 9,924^th place; English: 5,188^th place)

Development of Spanish ports and fleets on west coast

sanjoaquinhistory.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Earle E. Williams, "Tales of Old San Joaquin City", San Joaquin Historian, San Joaquin County Historical Society, Vol. IX, No. 2, April – June 1973. p.13, note 8. Archived September 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine "El Camino Viejo ran along the eastern edge of the Coast Range hills in the San Joaquin Valley northward to the mouth of Corral Hollow. From this point it ran generally east-west through the hills and then down into the Livermore Valley and on to Mission San Jose. From there it turned northward, terminating at what is now the Oakland area. ... see Earle E. Williarms, Old Spanish Trails of the San Joaquin Valley (Tracy, California), 1965."

santacruzsentinel.com (Global: low place; English: 6,901^st place)

"Elias Castillo's 'Cross of Thorns' presents a bleak picture of California history". Santa Cruz Sentinel. March 16, 2015. Archived from the original on January 23, 2016. Retrieved October 10, 2020.

sdsu.edu (Global: 3,918^th place; English: 2,749^th place)

worldhistoryforusall.sdsu.edu

"Big Era Two: Human Beings Almost Everywhere – 200,000 – 10,000 Years Ago" (PDF). World History For Us All. San Diego State University. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 2, 2006. Retrieved September 17, 2020.

sfgate.com (Global: 248^th place; English: 142^nd place)

Nolte, Carl (2016). "Point Reyes declared Drake landing site". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on February 4, 2018. Retrieved December 27, 2018.

ssrn.com (Global: 907^th place; English: 529^th place)

papers.ssrn.com

Linan Peng, "The political economy of the anti-Chinese movement in California in the nineteenth century." Journal of Economics, Race, and Policy 5.1 (2022): 13-24. online

ucpress.edu (Global: 3,462^nd place; English: 2,052^nd place)

phr.ucpress.edu

see Marie Christine Duggan, "With and Without and Empire: Financing for California Missions Before and After 1810" in Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 85, No. 1, pp. 23–71; http://phr.ucpress.edu/content/ucpphr/85/1/23.full.pdf

scq.ucpress.edu

Leo P. Kibby, "With Colonel Carleton and the California Column." Historical Society of Southern California Quarterly 41.4 (1959): 337-344 online.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Big Era Two: Human Beings Almost Everywhere – 200,000 – 10,000 Years Ago" (PDF). World History For Us All. San Diego State University. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 2, 2006. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
"Survey of California and Other Indian Languages". Archived from the original on May 23, 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
"California Indian Cultures". Four Directions Institute. Archived from the original on January 5, 2011. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
"Virtual Tours". Archived from the original on April 29, 2009.
"Acorn consumption". Archives.gov. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
"Acorn preparation". Archives.gov. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
U.S. National Park Service official website about Juan Cabrillo. (retrieved 2006-12-18)
Etext of Spanish exploration of west coast, including diaries
Nolte, Carl (2016). "Point Reyes declared Drake landing site". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on February 4, 2018. Retrieved December 27, 2018.
"The French in Early California". Ancestry Magazine. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved March 24, 2006.
"Elias Castillo's 'Cross of Thorns' presents a bleak picture of California history". Santa Cruz Sentinel. March 16, 2015. Archived from the original on January 23, 2016. Retrieved October 10, 2020.
Tinker, George E. (January 1, 1993). Missionary Conquest: The Gospel and Native American Cultural Genocide. Fortress Press. ISBN 978-1-4514-0840-9. Archived from the original on July 10, 2023. Retrieved December 10, 2021.
Earle E. Williams, "Tales of Old San Joaquin City", San Joaquin Historian, San Joaquin County Historical Society, Vol. IX, No. 2, April – June 1973. p.13, note 8. Archived September 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine "El Camino Viejo ran along the eastern edge of the Coast Range hills in the San Joaquin Valley northward to the mouth of Corral Hollow. From this point it ran generally east-west through the hills and then down into the Livermore Valley and on to Mission San Jose. From there it turned northward, terminating at what is now the Oakland area. ... see Earle E. Williarms, Old Spanish Trails of the San Joaquin Valley (Tracy, California), 1965."
"Fort Ross, California". Archived from the original on May 28, 2010. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
"Two years before the mast, and twenty-four years after: a personal narrative / by Richard Henry Dana Jr". May 13, 2008. Archived from the original on May 13, 2008.
Bancroft, Hubert Howe (1884–1890) History of California, v. 4, The works of Hubert Howe Bancroft, complete text online Archived 2012-01-02 at the Wayback Machine, p. 260
Bancroft, Hubert Howe (1884–1890) History of California, v. 4, The works of Hubert Howe Bancroft, complete text online Archived 2012-01-02 at the Wayback Machine, pp. 263–273.
"Resident Population Data – 2010 Census". Archived from the original on January 1, 2011.
"LearnCalifornia.org – Impact of the Gold Rush". Archived from the original on October 20, 2011. Retrieved September 4, 2006.
"Going to California: 49ers and the Gold Rush". Archived from the original on April 12, 2003. Retrieved September 4, 2006.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Miranda, Deborah A. (April 1, 2010). "Extermination of the Joyas: Gendercide in Spanish California". GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies. 16 (1–2): 47, 253–284. doi:10.1215/10642684-2009-022. ISSN 1064-2684.

worldhistory.org (Global: 2,330^th place; English: 1,976^th place)

etc.worldhistory.org

"Polynesians in California: Evidence for an Ancient Exchange? – History et cetera". Retrieved June 18, 2021.

History of California before 1900 (English Wikipedia)

1st-hand-history.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

abletolead.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

about.com (Global: 419th place; English: 335th place)

americanhistory.about.com

americanjourneys.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

archives.gov (Global: 319th place; English: 166th place)

berkeley.edu (Global: 621st place; English: 429th place)

linguistics.berkeley.edu

books-about-california.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

ca.gov (Global: 352nd place; English: 167th place)

capitolmuseum.ca.gov

californiahistoryteachers.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

census.gov (Global: 18th place; English: 18th place)

2010.census.gov

www2.census.gov

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

dukeupress.edu (Global: 5,557th place; English: 3,265th place)

read.dukeupress.edu

eh.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

escholarship.org (Global: 1,477th place; English: 863rd place)

fortrossinterpretive.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

kumeyaay.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

learncalifornia.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

mchsmuseum.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

militarymuseum.org (Global: 9,980th place; English: 5,467th place)

museumca.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

explore.museumca.org

picturethis.museumca.org

myfamily.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

ancestry.myfamily.com

openedition.org (Global: 366th place; English: 883rd place)

journals.openedition.org

pomona.edu (Global: low place; English: 6,461st place)

magazine.pomona.edu

sandiegohistory.org (Global: 9,924th place; English: 5,188th place)

sanjoaquinhistory.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

santacruzsentinel.com (Global: low place; English: 6,901st place)

sdsu.edu (Global: 3,918th place; English: 2,749th place)

worldhistoryforusall.sdsu.edu

sfgate.com (Global: 248th place; English: 142nd place)

ssrn.com (Global: 907th place; English: 529th place)

papers.ssrn.com

ucpress.edu (Global: 3,462nd place; English: 2,052nd place)

phr.ucpress.edu

scq.ucpress.edu

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

worldhistory.org (Global: 2,330th place; English: 1,976th place)

etc.worldhistory.org

about.com (Global: 419^th place; English: 335^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

archives.gov (Global: 319^th place; English: 166^th place)

berkeley.edu (Global: 621^st place; English: 429^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

ca.gov (Global: 352^nd place; English: 167^th place)

census.gov (Global: 18^th place; English: 18^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

dukeupress.edu (Global: 5,557^th place; English: 3,265^th place)

escholarship.org (Global: 1,477^th place; English: 863^rd place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

militarymuseum.org (Global: 9,980^th place; English: 5,467^th place)

openedition.org (Global: 366^th place; English: 883^rd place)

pomona.edu (Global: low place; English: 6,461^st place)

sandiegohistory.org (Global: 9,924^th place; English: 5,188^th place)

santacruzsentinel.com (Global: low place; English: 6,901^st place)

sdsu.edu (Global: 3,918^th place; English: 2,749^th place)

sfgate.com (Global: 248^th place; English: 142^nd place)

ssrn.com (Global: 907^th place; English: 529^th place)

ucpress.edu (Global: 3,462^nd place; English: 2,052^nd place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

worldhistory.org (Global: 2,330^th place; English: 1,976^th place)