History of Chechnya (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "History of Chechnya" in English language version.

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22web.archive.org

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academia.edu

Fournet, Arnaud (2013). "About the vocalic system of Armenian words of substratic origins". Archiv Orientální. 1.
Zimansky, Paul (2011). "Urartian and Urartians". The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia. p. 556. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Zimansky, Paul "Urartian and Urartians." The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia (2011): 556. [1]
Zimansky, Paul (January 18, 2011). "Urartian and the Urartians". Oxford Handbooks Online – via www.academia.edu.
Qietashuo, Baccara C. (January 2018). "Междоусобица в Золотой орде как фактор приобретения суверенитета княжеством Сим Сим (XIV в.)_Тесаев З.А." Internal Fighting in the Golden Horde as a Factor of Attainment of Sovereignty by the Princedom Simsim (Xiv C.).
Relations between Tehran and Moscow, 1797-2014. Retrieved 15 December 2014.

aei.org

Leon Aron. Chechnya, New Dimensions of the Old Crisis Archived March 12, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. AEI, 01.02.2003

amazon.com

Alex Goldfarb and Marina Litvinenko. "Death of a Dissident: The Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko and the Return of the KGB." Free Press, New York, 2007. ISBN 978-1-4165-5165-2.

amnesty.org

web.amnesty.org

Document Information | Amnesty International Archived November 21, 2004, at the Wayback Machine

archive.org

Derluguian, Georgi (2005). Bourdieu's Secret Admirer in the Caucasus. University of Chicago Press. pp. 244–5. ISBN 978-0-226-14283-8.
Gall, Carlotta; Thomas de Waal (1998). Chechnya: Calamity in the Caucasus. New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-2963-2.: pp. 177-181.

arquivo.pt

"Arquivo.pt". arquivo.pt. Archived from the original on 2009-07-14. Retrieved 2023-01-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

berkeley.edu

ingush.berkeley.edu

Johanna Nichols (February 1997). "The Ingush (with notes on the Chechen): Background information". University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on 2008-03-11. Retrieved 2007-02-10.

books.google.com

"The anthropology of Chechens and Ingush is somewhat different. The Ingush belong to the central cluster of the Caucasian [Mtebid] anthropotype, with pronounced brachycephalization, which indicates a strong mixing with the Koban culture. Whereas the Chechens, although they belong mainly to the Caucasians [Mtebids], combine many elements of the Caspian and even the Pontid. In addition, the Chechens have the highest percentage of the dolichocephalic index among the characteristic brachycephalic Caucasions [Mtebids]. All this testifies that the Chechens, to a greater extent, have preserved the Hurrian substratum.". J. Taisayev. «Etnogenez narodov Kavkaza.». 5 September 2017. p. 131. ISBN 9785040058679.
The Urartians themselves, or Alarodians, called their country and state Biainili, from which comes the modern name of Lake Van, in the basin of which the center of this state was located. Since ancient times, Urartian (Alarodian) tribes, akin to the Hurrian population of the countries to the southwest of Lake Van, lived around Lake Van and in adjacent areas. The Urartian (as well as the Hurrian) language belonged to a special linguistic family, among the modern languages the closest to them are some languages of the North Caucasus - Chechen and Ingush. «Materialy po istorii SSSR. Dlya seminarskikh i prakticheskikh zanyatiy. Vyp. 1. Drevneyshiye narody i gosudarstva na territorii SSSR.». 1985. p. 7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
Schaefer, Robert W. (2010). The Insurgency in Chechnya and the North Caucasus: From Gazavat to Jihad. Abc-Clio. ISBN 9780313386343. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
Cohen, Ariel (1998). Russian Imperialism: Development and Crisis. Greenwood Publishing. ISBN 9780275964818. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
Askerov, Ali (2015), "Introduction", Historical Dictionary of the Chechen Conflict, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, pp. 6–8, ISBN 978-1-4422-4924-0.
Dunlop, John B. (1998), "The rebellion of 1877", Russia Confronts Chechnya: Roots of a Separatist Conflict, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 32–33, ISBN 978-0-521-63619-3.
Tishkov, Valery (2004-06-14). Chechnya: Life in a War-Torn Society. University of California Press. p. 200. ISBN 978-0-520-93020-9.

britannica.com

Gamkrelidze, Thomas V.; Gudava, T.E. (1998). "Caucasian Languages". Encyclopaedia Britannica.

cacianalyst.org

"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2009-11-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

dailystar.com.lb

""The Urartian language itself took several generations to decipher and is now believed to be a distant ancestor of existing Caucasian languages such as Chechen."". Archived from the original on 2020-10-14. Retrieved 2020-10-21.

doi.org

Bernice Wuethrich (19 May 2000). "Peering Into the Past, With Words". Science. 288 (5469): 1158. doi:10.1126/science.288.5469.1158. S2CID 82205296.
Jaimoukha, Amjad (2004). Amjad Jaimoukha. The Chechens. doi:10.4324/9780203356432. ISBN 9780203356432.
Jaimoukha, Amjad (2004-11-10). The Chechens. p. 29. doi:10.4324/9780203356432. ISBN 9780203356432.
Jaimoukha, Amjad (2004-11-10). The Chechens. doi:10.4324/9780203356432. ISBN 9780203356432.
Jaimoukha, Amjad (2004-11-10). The Chechens. Routledge. p. 31. doi:10.4324/9780203356432. ISBN 978-0-203-35643-2.

dx.doi.org

Jaimoukha, Amjad (2004). Amjad Jaimoukha. The Chechens. doi:10.4324/9780203356432. ISBN 9780203356432.
Jaimoukha, Amjad (2004-11-10). The Chechens. p. 29. doi:10.4324/9780203356432. ISBN 9780203356432.
Jaimoukha, Amjad (2004-11-10). The Chechens. doi:10.4324/9780203356432. ISBN 9780203356432.
Jaimoukha, Amjad (2004-11-10). The Chechens. Routledge. p. 31. doi:10.4324/9780203356432. ISBN 978-0-203-35643-2.

etomesto.ru

"Военно-топографическая пятиверстная карта Кавказского края 1926 года". www.etomesto.ru.

fictionbook.ru

Соколов-Митрич, Дмитрий (2007). Нетаджикские девочки, нечеченские маьлчики (in Russian). Moscow: Яуза-Пресс. ISBN 978-5-903339-45-7.

free.fr

mashar.free.fr

"London Sunday Times on Mashkadov visit". Mashar.free.fr. Retrieved 2014-03-21.

gercekbandirma.com

"English translation: "Today, Urartologists do not deny the kinship of the Chechens with the Urartians. The kinship of the Hurrians-Urartians-Chechens is confirmed by those who studied it. Hence, the following conclusion follows—Chechens are Urartians. Urartians are the remaining branch of the Chechens in Asia Minor. Actually, its structure, grammatical features, completeness and grammar of classes, etc. Urartian and Chechen languages are similar to each other."". ATLAS monthly geography and exploration magazine. March 2003. Issue 120.2.

gfbv.de

Gesellschaft fuer bedrohte Voelker - Society for Threatened Peoples. "Police tried to silence GfbV - Critical banner against Putin´s Chechnya policies wars". Gfbv.de. Archived from the original on 2014-11-12. Retrieved 2014-03-21.

globalsecurity.org

RF Ministry of Justice information. Chechnya violates basic legal norms, 08.12.1999

glottolog.org

Smeets, Rieks (1989). "On Hurro-Urartian as an Eastern Caucasian language". Bibliotheca Orientalis. XLVI: 260–280.

gzt.ru

Операция "Чечевица" Archived January 18, 2013, at the Wayback Machine

hawaii.edu

"Soviet Transit, Camp, and Deportation Death Rates". Retrieved 2014-03-21.

hro.org

"Александр УРАЛОВ (А. АВТОРХАНОВ). Убийство чечено-ингушского народа. Народоубийство в СССР". Archived from the original on May 27, 2008.
"Европарламент: депортация вайнахов - геноцид". October 18, 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-10-18.
Батаев А. "Европарламент: депортация вайнахов - геноцид". Archived from the original on 2007-10-18. Retrieved 2013-10-08.

iai.it

The International Spectator 3/2003, The Afghanisation of Chechnya Archived 2008-09-11 at the Wayback Machine, Peter Brownfeld

iea.ras.ru

Административно-территориальные изменения в 1944 г. (PDF) (in Russian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-26. Caucasus land repartition in 1944

iht.com

A vexing reminder of war in Chechnya's booming capital, International Herald Tribune, April 29, 2008

infox.ru

Нерусская Чечня: возвращаться пока некуда (Non-Russian Chechnya: nowhere to return), 25.10.09 (in Russian)

jamestown.org

Socor, Vladimir (2014-02-21). "Eurasia Daily Monitor | The Jamestown Foundation". Jamestown.org. Archived from the original on 2008-02-14. Retrieved 2014-03-21.
Amnesty International Issues Reports on Disappearances Archived 2008-10-10 at the Wayback Machine, The Jamestown Foundation, May 24, 2007

memo.ru

O.P. Orlov; V.P. Cherkassov. Россия — Чечня: Цепь ошибок и преступлений (in Russian). Memorial.

mfa.gov.lv

"Latvia Condemns Public Executions in Chechnya". Mfa.gov.lv. 1997-09-23. Retrieved 2014-03-21.

na5ballov.pro

"Of the peoples existing in our time, the Chechens and Ingush are the closest to the Hurrian-Urartian in terms of language". «Aleksandrova N.V., Ladynin I.A., Nemirovskiy A.A., Yakovlev V.M. Drevniy Vostok. Uchebnoye posobiye dlya vuzov.». Астрель. 2008. p. 371. ISBN 978-5-17-045827-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)

neu.edu

history.neu.edu

[2] Archived November 16, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
"The Soviet War against ‘Fifth Columnists’: The Case of Chechnya, 1942–4" by Jeffrey Burds Archived 2010-11-16 at the Wayback Machine, p.39

ng.ru

(in Russian)Matveyev, Oleg. Русский бунт в Грозном (Russian Riot in Grozny). 30 April 2000. Available for viewing online: http://www.ng.ru/style/2000-08-30/8_bunt.html
Sergey Pravosudov. Interview with Sergei Stepashin. Nezavisimaya Gazeta, January 14, 2000(in Russian)

nomadit.co.uk

Bangash, Salman. "Tribal Belt and the defence of British India: a critical appraisal of British strategy in the North-West Frontier during the first world war". nomadit.co.uk. p. 11. Retrieved 2020-07-10.

novayaepoxa.com

Ortayli, Ilber. "English translation: "Most of the historical facts indicate that the language of the ancient state of Urartu is closer to the modern Chechen one. It is highly probable that the ancestors of modern Chechens moved to the territory of the North Caucasus from Anatolia, from Urartu."".

nupi.no

"Further emergency measures in Chechnya". Archived from the original on September 30, 2007.

nytimes.com

Pape, Robert A.; O'Rourke, Lindsey; McDermit, Jenna (March 31, 2010). "What Makes Chechen Women So Dangerous?". The New York Times.
Russia: Chechen Mass Grave Found, Agence France-Presse, June 21, 2008

pbs.org

"Explore Chechnya's Turbulent Past ~ 1817-1964: The Caucasian Wars | Wide Angle". PBS. 2002-07-25. Retrieved 2013-10-08.

pitt.edu

ridgway.pitt.edu

Terror at Beslan: A Chronicle of On-going Tragedy and a Government’s Failed Response Archived April 8, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Ridgway.Pitt.edu, 12 March 2007

proza.ru

Bakaev, Hasan. "About the name of Ichkeria".

rferl.org

Umarova, Amina (23 November 2013). "Chechnya's Forgotten Children Of The Holodomor". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Rferl.org. Retrieved 2014-03-21.
RFERL, Russia: RFE/RL Interviews Chechen Field Commander Umarov, 27.07.2005; Doku Umarov who was the head of the Security Council of Ichkeria in 1997–1999 accused Movladi Baisarov and one of Yamadayev brothers of engaging in slave trade in the inter-war period

rusneb.ru

The most ancient state on the territory of our country was the Urartian kingdom in the Transcaucasus. The word "Urartu" (the memory of it is preserved in the name of Mount Ararat) is Assyrian, but the inhabitants themselves called their country Biainili (hence - Lake Van). The Alarodian (or Urartian) tribes living around this lake, who spoke a language that has not survived to this day (of the modern ones, Chechen and Ingush are the closest to it), back in the 13th century BCE created their own tribal union. «Pavlenko N.I., Kobrin V.B., Fedorov V.A. Istoriya SSSR s drevneyshikh vremen do 1861 goda. (Uchebnik dlya pedagogicheskikh institutov), M., 1989 g.». Prosveshchenie. 1989. ISBN 5-09-000551-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)

science.org.ge

Greppin, John AC. "The Urartian Substratum in Armenian" Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences 2:2:134-137 (2008), http://science.org.ge/old/2-2/Grepin.pdf

sciencemag.org

Bernice Wuethrich (19 May 2000). "Peering Into the Past, With Words". Science. 288 (5469): 1158. doi:10.1126/science.288.5469.1158. S2CID 82205296.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Bernice Wuethrich (19 May 2000). "Peering Into the Past, With Words". Science. 288 (5469): 1158. doi:10.1126/science.288.5469.1158. S2CID 82205296.

shamsali.org

"The Chechen Nation: A Portrait of Ethnical Features". Shamsali.org. 1990-11-26. Retrieved 2013-10-08.

socialistreviewindex.org.uk

pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk

"Chechnya: the empire strikes back". Pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk. Retrieved 2014-03-21.

timesonline.co.uk

Our children suffered too, say families of the killers, by Sebastian Smith, The Times, September 2, 2005

topnews.ru

"80-летний юбилей модельер Вячеслав Зайцев встречал на троне - TOPNews.RU". www.topnews.ru/. Archived from the original on February 15, 2009.

uchicago.edu

penelope.uchicago.edu

Herodotus. Book VII: chapters 57‑137

ucla.edu

pies.ucla.edu

Ivanov, Vyacheslav V. "Comparative Notes on Hurro-Urartian, Northern Caucasian and Indo-European." UCLA Indo-European Studies 1 (1999): 147-264 http://www.pies.ucla.edu/IESV/1/VVI_Horse.pdf Archived 2018-09-24 at the Wayback Machine

umich.edu

pub.umich.edu

The Michigan Daily Online Archived June 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine

uni-wuerzburg.de

opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de

Wilhelm, Gernot (1982). The long-standing assumptions about the connections of Hurrian and Urartian with the Caucasian languages have received serious confirmation thanks to the collected ... correspondences identified in the North-East Caucasian languages, and especially in Vainakh. Grundzüge der Geschichte und Kultur der Hurrite. Darmstadt. ISBN 3-534-08151-X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

washingtonpost.com

Taylor, Adam (2014). "Why being Chechen is a badge of honor for Islamist militants". Washington Post. Retrieved 2020-07-10.

web.archive.org

Johanna Nichols (February 1997). "The Ingush (with notes on the Chechen): Background information". University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on 2008-03-11. Retrieved 2007-02-10.
Ivanov, Vyacheslav V. "Comparative Notes on Hurro-Urartian, Northern Caucasian and Indo-European." UCLA Indo-European Studies 1 (1999): 147-264 http://www.pies.ucla.edu/IESV/1/VVI_Horse.pdf Archived 2018-09-24 at the Wayback Machine
""The Urartian language itself took several generations to decipher and is now believed to be a distant ancestor of existing Caucasian languages such as Chechen."". Archived from the original on 2020-10-14. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
"Александр УРАЛОВ (А. АВТОРХАНОВ). Убийство чечено-ингушского народа. Народоубийство в СССР". Archived from the original on May 27, 2008.
[2] Archived November 16, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
"The Soviet War against ‘Fifth Columnists’: The Case of Chechnya, 1942–4" by Jeffrey Burds Archived 2010-11-16 at the Wayback Machine, p.39
"Европарламент: депортация вайнахов - геноцид". October 18, 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-10-18.
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2009-11-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Батаев А. "Европарламент: депортация вайнахов - геноцид". Archived from the original on 2007-10-18. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
Административно-территориальные изменения в 1944 г. (PDF) (in Russian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-26. Caucasus land repartition in 1944
Операция "Чечевица" Archived January 18, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
Leon Aron. Chechnya, New Dimensions of the Old Crisis Archived March 12, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. AEI, 01.02.2003
The International Spectator 3/2003, The Afghanisation of Chechnya Archived 2008-09-11 at the Wayback Machine, Peter Brownfeld
CNN, Four Western hostages beheaded in Chechnya, 8.12.1998
Document Information | Amnesty International Archived November 21, 2004, at the Wayback Machine
The Michigan Daily Online Archived June 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
Gesellschaft fuer bedrohte Voelker - Society for Threatened Peoples. "Police tried to silence GfbV - Critical banner against Putin´s Chechnya policies wars". Gfbv.de. Archived from the original on 2014-11-12. Retrieved 2014-03-21.
"Further emergency measures in Chechnya". Archived from the original on September 30, 2007.
Socor, Vladimir (2014-02-21). "Eurasia Daily Monitor | The Jamestown Foundation". Jamestown.org. Archived from the original on 2008-02-14. Retrieved 2014-03-21.
Terror at Beslan: A Chronicle of On-going Tragedy and a Government’s Failed Response Archived April 8, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Ridgway.Pitt.edu, 12 March 2007
"80-летний юбилей модельер Вячеслав Зайцев встречал на троне - TOPNews.RU". www.topnews.ru/. Archived from the original on February 15, 2009.
Amnesty International Issues Reports on Disappearances Archived 2008-10-10 at the Wayback Machine, The Jamestown Foundation, May 24, 2007

youtube.com

Dzhokhar Dudayev, opening of the memorial to victims of genocide. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjQ_Mrb5JiU&feature=player_embedded. In Chechen and Russian