History of Germany (English Wikipedia)

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Historicus 1935, p. 50: "Franz von Lothringen muß sein Stammherzogtum an Stanislaus Leszinski, den französischen Kandidaten für Polen, ueberlassen [...]. [Francis of Lorraine had to bequeath his stem-duchy to Stanislaus Leszinski, the French candidate for the Polish crown [...].]" Historicus (1935). Frankreichs 33 Eroberungskriege [France's 33 wars of conquest] (in German). Translated from the French. Foreword by Alcide Ebray (3rd ed.). Internationaler Verlag. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
Compare: Langer, William Leonard, ed. (1968). "ANCIENT HISTORY". An encyclopedia of world history: ancient, medieval and modern, chronologically arranged (4 ed.). Harrap. p. 174. These stem duchies were: Franconia [...]; Lorraine (not strictly a stem duchy but with a tradition of unity); Swabia [...] .
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