History of anatomy (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "History of anatomy" in English language version.

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29doi.org

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29nih.gov

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11worldcat.org

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9books.google.com

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7semanticscholar.org

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1iranicaonline.org

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1fasebj.org

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1eblib.com

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1lairweb.org.nz

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1lifeinthefastlane.com

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1ivc.edu

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archive.org

Siraisi, Nancey G. (1990). Medieval and Early Renaissance Medicine. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-226-76129-9.
Nutton, Vivian (2004). Ancient Medicine. London and New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-415-36848-3.
Mason, Stephen F. (1962). A History of the Sciences. New York: Collier. p. 550.
Roach, Mary (2003). Stiff: The curious Lives of Human Cadavers. New York: W.W. Norton. pp. 37–57. ISBN 9780393050936.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

BBC News (2006-08-30). "Q&A: Human Tissue Act". Retrieved 2024-07-01.
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) News. 2002 Controversial autopsy goes ahead. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/2493291.stm Archived 2007-01-24 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 22 April 2008.

books.google.com

Porter, Roy (1999-10-17). The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity (The Norton History of Science). W. W. Norton. pp. 49–50. ISBN 9780393319804. Retrieved 17 November 2013.
Feucht, Cynthia; Greydanus, Donald E.; Merrick, Joav; Patel, Dilip R.; Omar, Hatim A. (2012). Pharmacotherapeutics in Medical Disorders. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-027636-7.
Moore, Lisa Jean; Casper, Monica J. (2014). The Body: Social and Cultural Dissections. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-77172-9.
deVries, Catherine R.; Price, Raymond R. (2012). Global Surgery and Public Health: A New Paradigm. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7637-8048-7.
Szasz, Theodora; Tostes, Rita C. A. (2016). Vascular Smooth Muscle Function in Hypertension. Biota Publishing. ISBN 978-1-61504-685-0.
Mantzavinos, C. (2016). Explanatory Pluralism. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-12851-4.
Zimmerman, Leo M.; Veith, Ilza (1993-08-01). Great Ideas in the History of Surgery. Norman Publishing. ISBN 9780930405533. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
Crombie, Alistair Cameron (1959). The History of Science From Augustine to Galileo. Courier Dover Publications. ISBN 9780486288505. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
Benivieni, Antonio; Polybus; Guinterius, Joannes (1529). De abditis nonnullis ac mirandis morborum & sanationum causis. apud Andream Cratandrum. Retrieved 7 December 2012.

cam.ac.uk

cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk

"Rāzī, Liber Almansoris (Cambridge, University Library, MS Add. 9213)". Cambridge Digital Library. Retrieved 22 November 2023.

degruyter.com

Hankinson, R. J. (2014). "Partitioning the Soul: Galen on the Anatomy of the Psychic Functions and Mental Illness". Partitioning the Soul. De Gruyter. pp. 85–106. doi:10.1515/9783110311884.85. ISBN 9783110311884. Archived from the original on 2021-09-05. Retrieved 2021-09-05.

doi.org

For his date of birth, Kraus & Pines 1913–1936 give 864 CE / 250 AH (Goodman 1960–2007 gives 854 CE / 250 AH, but this is a typo), while Richter-Bernburg 2003 and Adamson 2021a give 865 CE / 251 AH. For his date of death as 925 or 935 CE / 313 or 323 AH, see Goodman 1960–2007; some sources only give 925 CE / 313 AH (Walker 1998; Richter-Bernburg 2003; Adamson 2021a). Kraus, Paul; Pines, Shlomo (1913–1936). "al-Rāzī". In Houtsma, M. Th.; Arnold, T.W.; Basset, R.; Hartmann, R. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, First Edition (1913–1936). doi:10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_SIM_3693. Goodman, L.E (1960–2007). "al-Rāzī". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_6267. Richter-Bernburg, Lutz (2003). "Ḥāwi, al-". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. XII/1: Harem I–Hedāyat al-mota'allemin. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 64–67. ISBN 978-0-933273-74-0. Adamson, Peter (2021a). "Abu Bakr al-Razi". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Walker, Paul E. (1998). "al-Razi, Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyya' (d. 925)". In Craig, Edward (ed.). Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. doi:10.4324/9780415249126-H043-1. ISBN 9780415250696. Adamson, Peter (2021a). "Abu Bakr al-Razi". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Roberts, Wallisa; Salandy, Sonja; Mandal, Gaurav; Holda, M. K.; Tomaszewksi, K. A.; Gielecki, Jerzy; Tubbs, R. Shane; Loukas, Marios (2019-11-01). "Across the centuries: Piecing together the anatomy of the heart". Translational Research in Anatomy. 17: 100051. doi:10.1016/j.tria.2019.100051. ISSN 2214-854X.
Siddiquey, Ak Shamsuddin Husain (2009). "History of Anatomy". Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy. 7 (1): 1–3. doi:10.3329/bja.v7i1.3008.
Bay, Noel Si-Yang; Bay, Boon-Huat (December 2010). "Greek anatomist herophilus: the father of anatomy". Anatomy & Cell Biology. 43 (4): 280–283. doi:10.5115/acb.2010.43.4.280. ISSN 2093-3665. PMC 3026179. PMID 21267401.
Nutton, V. (2002). "Logic, Learning, and Experimental Medicine". Science. 295 (5556): 800–801. doi:10.1126/science.1066244. PMID 11823624.
Hankinson, R. J. (2014). "Partitioning the Soul: Galen on the Anatomy of the Psychic Functions and Mental Illness". Partitioning the Soul. De Gruyter. pp. 85–106. doi:10.1515/9783110311884.85. ISBN 9783110311884. Archived from the original on 2021-09-05. Retrieved 2021-09-05.
Pasipoularides, Ares (March 1, 2014). "Galen, father of systematic medicine. An essay on the evolution of modern medicine and cardiology". International Journal of Cardiology. 172 (1): 47–58. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.12.166. PMID 24461486.
Aird, W. C. (2011). "Discovery of the cardiovascular system: from Galen to William Harvey". Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 9 (s1): 118–129. doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04312.x. ISSN 1538-7836. PMID 21781247. S2CID 12092592.
Neder, J. Alberto (2020-06-01). "Cardiovascular and pulmonary interactions: why Galen's misconceptions proved clinically useful for 1,300 years". Advances in Physiology Education. 44 (2): 225–231. doi:10.1152/advan.00058.2020. ISSN 1043-4046. PMID 32412380. S2CID 218648041.
Fleming, Donald (1955). "Galen on the Motions of the Blood in the Heart and Lungs". Isis. 46 (1): 14–21. doi:10.1086/348379. ISSN 0021-1753. JSTOR 226820. PMID 14353581. S2CID 29583656. Archived from the original on 2021-12-02. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
Walker 1998; Iskandar 2008; Adamson 2021a. Walker, Paul E. (1998). "al-Razi, Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyya' (d. 925)". In Craig, Edward (ed.). Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. doi:10.4324/9780415249126-H043-1. ISBN 9780415250696. Iskandar, Albert Z. (2008). "Al-Rāzī". In Selin, Helaine (ed.). Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures (2nd ed.). Berlin: Springer. pp. 155–156. ISBN 978-1-4020-4559-2. Adamson, Peter (2021a). "Abu Bakr al-Razi". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Edited and translated into French by Koetschet 2019. An older edition is Mohaghegh 1993. Koetschet, Pauline (2019). Abū Bakr al-Rāzī: Doutes sur Galien. Introduction, édition et traduction. Scientia Graeco-Arabica. Vol. 25. Berlin: De Gruyter. doi:10.1515/9783110629767. ISBN 9783110629767. S2CID 189234965. Mohaghegh, Mehdi (1993). Kitâb Al – Shukûk ʻAlâ Jâlînûs. Tehran: International Institute of Islamic Though and Civilization. OCLC 257281952.
Adamson 2021b, p. 17. Adamson, Peter (2021b). Great Medieval Thinkers: al-Rāzī. New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780197555033.001.0001. ISBN 9780197555033.
Majeed, Azeem (2005). "How Islam changed medicine". BMJ. 331 (7531): 1486–1487. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7531.1486. PMC 1322233. PMID 16373721.
Klestinec, Cynthia (2004). "A History of Anatomy Theaters in Sixteenth-Century Padua". Journal of the History of Medicine. 59 (3): 376–379. doi:10.1093/jhmas/59.3.375. PMID 15270335.
Klestinec, Cynthia (2004). "A History of Anatomy Theaters in Sixteenth-Century Padua". Journal of the History of Medicine. 59 (3): 377. doi:10.1093/jhmas/jrh089. PMID 15270335.
Klestinec, Cynthia (2004). "A History of Anatomy Theaters in Sixteenth-Century Padua". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 59 (3): 375–412. doi:10.1093/jhmas/59.3.375. PMID 15270335.
Klestinec, Cynthia (2004). "A History of Anatomy Theaters in Sixteenth-Century Padua". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 59 (3): 375–412. doi:10.1093/jhmas/59.3.375. PMID 15270335.
Klestinec, Cynthia (2004). "A History of Anatomy Theaters in Sixteenth-Century Padua". Journal of the History of Medicine. 59 (3): 391–392. doi:10.1093/jhmas/59.3.375. PMID 15270335.
Sanders, M. A. (1999-11-01). "William Cheselden: anatomist, surgeon, and medical illustrator". Spine. 24 (21): 2282–2289. doi:10.1097/00007632-199911010-00019. ISSN 0362-2436. PMID 10562998.
Ghosh, Sanjib Kumar (2017-03-02). "Human cadaveric dissection: a historical account from ancient Greece to the modern era". Anatomy & Cell Biology. 48 (3): 153–169. doi:10.5115/acb.2015.48.3.153. PMC 4582158. PMID 26417475.
Mitchell, Piers D; Boston, Ceridwen; Chamberlain, Andrew T; Chaplin, Simon; Chauhan, Vin; Evans, Jonathan; Fowler, Louise; Powers, Natasha; Walker, Don (2017-02-17). "The study of anatomy in England from 1700 to the early 20th century". Journal of Anatomy. 219 (2): 91–99. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01381.x. ISSN 0021-8782. PMC 3162231. PMID 21496014.
Wells, Walter A. (1948-02-01). "Antonio valsalva — pioneer in applied anatomy — 1666–1723". The Laryngoscope. 58 (2): 105–117. doi:10.1002/lary.5540580202. PMID 18904602. S2CID 70524656.
van den Tweel, Jan G.; Taylor, Clive R. (2017-03-02). "A brief history of pathology". Virchows Archiv. 457 (1): 3–10. doi:10.1007/s00428-010-0934-4. PMC 2895866. PMID 20499087.
Harley, David (1994-04-01). "Political Post-mortems and Morbid Anatomy in Seventeenth-century England". Social History of Medicine. 7 (1): 1–28. doi:10.1093/shm/7.1.1. PMID 11639292.
Mitchell, Piers D; Boston, Ceridwen; Chamberlain, Andrew T; Chaplin, Simon; Chauhan, Vin; Evans, Jonathan; Fowler, Louise; Powers, Natasha; Walker, Don (2017-03-02). "The study of anatomy in England from 1700 to the early 20th century". Journal of Anatomy. 219 (2): 91–99. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01381.x. PMC 3162231. PMID 21496014.
McLachlan J.; Patten D. (2006). "Anatomy teaching: ghosts of the past, present and future". Medical Education. 40 (3): 243–53. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02401.x. PMID 16483327. S2CID 30909540.
Reinarz J (2005). "The age of museum medicine: The rise and fall of the medical museum at Birmingham's School of Medicine". Social History of Medicine. 18 (3): 419–37. doi:10.1093/shm/hki050.
Demiryurek D.; Bayramoglu A; Ustacelebi S. (2002). "Infective agents in fixed human cadavers: a brief review and suggested guidelines". Anatomical Record. 269 (1): 194–7. doi:10.1002/ar.10143. PMID 12209557. S2CID 20948827.

eblib.com

public.eblib.com

Persaud, T.V.N.; Loukas, Marios; Tubbs, Shane R. (2014). A History of Human Anatomy (Second ed.). Springfield, Illinois, U.S.A: Charles C. Thomas. pp. 56, 55–59. ISBN 978-0-398-08105-8. Archived from the original on 2017-09-08. Retrieved 2015-11-28.

fasebj.org

Patrice Le Floch-Prigent and Dominique Delaval (April 2014). "The discovery of the pulmonary circulation by Ibn al Nafis during the 13th century: an anatomical approach". The FASEB Journal. 28.

iranicaonline.org

For his date of birth, Kraus & Pines 1913–1936 give 864 CE / 250 AH (Goodman 1960–2007 gives 854 CE / 250 AH, but this is a typo), while Richter-Bernburg 2003 and Adamson 2021a give 865 CE / 251 AH. For his date of death as 925 or 935 CE / 313 or 323 AH, see Goodman 1960–2007; some sources only give 925 CE / 313 AH (Walker 1998; Richter-Bernburg 2003; Adamson 2021a). Kraus, Paul; Pines, Shlomo (1913–1936). "al-Rāzī". In Houtsma, M. Th.; Arnold, T.W.; Basset, R.; Hartmann, R. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, First Edition (1913–1936). doi:10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_SIM_3693. Goodman, L.E (1960–2007). "al-Rāzī". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_6267. Richter-Bernburg, Lutz (2003). "Ḥāwi, al-". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. XII/1: Harem I–Hedāyat al-mota'allemin. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 64–67. ISBN 978-0-933273-74-0. Adamson, Peter (2021a). "Abu Bakr al-Razi". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Walker, Paul E. (1998). "al-Razi, Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyya' (d. 925)". In Craig, Edward (ed.). Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. doi:10.4324/9780415249126-H043-1. ISBN 9780415250696. Adamson, Peter (2021a). "Abu Bakr al-Razi". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

ivc.edu

"Leonardo Da Vinci's Notebook Project". Irvine Valley College. Archived from the original on 12 November 2014. Retrieved 2 November 2014.

jstor.org

Fleming, Donald (1955). "Galen on the Motions of the Blood in the Heart and Lungs". Isis. 46 (1): 14–21. doi:10.1086/348379. ISSN 0021-1753. JSTOR 226820. PMID 14353581. S2CID 29583656. Archived from the original on 2021-12-02. Retrieved 2021-12-07.

lairweb.org.nz

"Leonardo the Man, His machines". Lairweb. Archived from the original on 1 November 2014. Retrieved 2 November 2014.

lifeinthefastlane.com

"Leonardo Da Vinci first Anatomist". Life in The Fast Lane. 2009-04-19. Archived from the original on 2014-11-03. Retrieved 2 November 2014.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bay, Noel Si-Yang; Bay, Boon-Huat (December 2010). "Greek anatomist herophilus: the father of anatomy". Anatomy & Cell Biology. 43 (4): 280–283. doi:10.5115/acb.2010.43.4.280. ISSN 2093-3665. PMC 3026179. PMID 21267401.
Nutton, V. (2002). "Logic, Learning, and Experimental Medicine". Science. 295 (5556): 800–801. doi:10.1126/science.1066244. PMID 11823624.
Pasipoularides, Ares (March 1, 2014). "Galen, father of systematic medicine. An essay on the evolution of modern medicine and cardiology". International Journal of Cardiology. 172 (1): 47–58. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.12.166. PMID 24461486.
Aird, W. C. (2011). "Discovery of the cardiovascular system: from Galen to William Harvey". Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 9 (s1): 118–129. doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04312.x. ISSN 1538-7836. PMID 21781247. S2CID 12092592.
Neder, J. Alberto (2020-06-01). "Cardiovascular and pulmonary interactions: why Galen's misconceptions proved clinically useful for 1,300 years". Advances in Physiology Education. 44 (2): 225–231. doi:10.1152/advan.00058.2020. ISSN 1043-4046. PMID 32412380. S2CID 218648041.
Fleming, Donald (1955). "Galen on the Motions of the Blood in the Heart and Lungs". Isis. 46 (1): 14–21. doi:10.1086/348379. ISSN 0021-1753. JSTOR 226820. PMID 14353581. S2CID 29583656. Archived from the original on 2021-12-02. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
Majeed, Azeem (2005). "How Islam changed medicine". BMJ. 331 (7531): 1486–1487. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7531.1486. PMC 1322233. PMID 16373721.
Klestinec, Cynthia (2004). "A History of Anatomy Theaters in Sixteenth-Century Padua". Journal of the History of Medicine. 59 (3): 376–379. doi:10.1093/jhmas/59.3.375. PMID 15270335.
Klestinec, Cynthia (2004). "A History of Anatomy Theaters in Sixteenth-Century Padua". Journal of the History of Medicine. 59 (3): 377. doi:10.1093/jhmas/jrh089. PMID 15270335.
Klestinec, Cynthia (2004). "A History of Anatomy Theaters in Sixteenth-Century Padua". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 59 (3): 375–412. doi:10.1093/jhmas/59.3.375. PMID 15270335.
Klestinec, Cynthia (2004). "A History of Anatomy Theaters in Sixteenth-Century Padua". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 59 (3): 375–412. doi:10.1093/jhmas/59.3.375. PMID 15270335.
Klestinec, Cynthia (2004). "A History of Anatomy Theaters in Sixteenth-Century Padua". Journal of the History of Medicine. 59 (3): 391–392. doi:10.1093/jhmas/59.3.375. PMID 15270335.
Sanders, M. A. (1999-11-01). "William Cheselden: anatomist, surgeon, and medical illustrator". Spine. 24 (21): 2282–2289. doi:10.1097/00007632-199911010-00019. ISSN 0362-2436. PMID 10562998.
Ghosh, Sanjib Kumar (2017-03-02). "Human cadaveric dissection: a historical account from ancient Greece to the modern era". Anatomy & Cell Biology. 48 (3): 153–169. doi:10.5115/acb.2015.48.3.153. PMC 4582158. PMID 26417475.
Mitchell, Piers D; Boston, Ceridwen; Chamberlain, Andrew T; Chaplin, Simon; Chauhan, Vin; Evans, Jonathan; Fowler, Louise; Powers, Natasha; Walker, Don (2017-02-17). "The study of anatomy in England from 1700 to the early 20th century". Journal of Anatomy. 219 (2): 91–99. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01381.x. ISSN 0021-8782. PMC 3162231. PMID 21496014.
Orlandini, Giovanni E.; Paternostro, Ferdinando (2010). "Anatomy and anatomists in Tuscany in the 17th century". Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology = Archivio Italiano di Anatomia ed Embriologia. 115 (3): 167–174. PMID 21287970.
Wells, Walter A. (1948-02-01). "Antonio valsalva — pioneer in applied anatomy — 1666–1723". The Laryngoscope. 58 (2): 105–117. doi:10.1002/lary.5540580202. PMID 18904602. S2CID 70524656.
van den Tweel, Jan G.; Taylor, Clive R. (2017-03-02). "A brief history of pathology". Virchows Archiv. 457 (1): 3–10. doi:10.1007/s00428-010-0934-4. PMC 2895866. PMID 20499087.
Harley, David (1994-04-01). "Political Post-mortems and Morbid Anatomy in Seventeenth-century England". Social History of Medicine. 7 (1): 1–28. doi:10.1093/shm/7.1.1. PMID 11639292.
Mitchell, Piers D; Boston, Ceridwen; Chamberlain, Andrew T; Chaplin, Simon; Chauhan, Vin; Evans, Jonathan; Fowler, Louise; Powers, Natasha; Walker, Don (2017-03-02). "The study of anatomy in England from 1700 to the early 20th century". Journal of Anatomy. 219 (2): 91–99. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01381.x. PMC 3162231. PMID 21496014.
McLachlan J.; Patten D. (2006). "Anatomy teaching: ghosts of the past, present and future". Medical Education. 40 (3): 243–53. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02401.x. PMID 16483327. S2CID 30909540.
Demiryurek D.; Bayramoglu A; Ustacelebi S. (2002). "Infective agents in fixed human cadavers: a brief review and suggested guidelines". Anatomical Record. 269 (1): 194–7. doi:10.1002/ar.10143. PMID 12209557. S2CID 20948827.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bay, Noel Si-Yang; Bay, Boon-Huat (December 2010). "Greek anatomist herophilus: the father of anatomy". Anatomy & Cell Biology. 43 (4): 280–283. doi:10.5115/acb.2010.43.4.280. ISSN 2093-3665. PMC 3026179. PMID 21267401.
Majeed, Azeem (2005). "How Islam changed medicine". BMJ. 331 (7531): 1486–1487. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7531.1486. PMC 1322233. PMID 16373721.
Ghosh, Sanjib Kumar (2017-03-02). "Human cadaveric dissection: a historical account from ancient Greece to the modern era". Anatomy & Cell Biology. 48 (3): 153–169. doi:10.5115/acb.2015.48.3.153. PMC 4582158. PMID 26417475.
Mitchell, Piers D; Boston, Ceridwen; Chamberlain, Andrew T; Chaplin, Simon; Chauhan, Vin; Evans, Jonathan; Fowler, Louise; Powers, Natasha; Walker, Don (2017-02-17). "The study of anatomy in England from 1700 to the early 20th century". Journal of Anatomy. 219 (2): 91–99. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01381.x. ISSN 0021-8782. PMC 3162231. PMID 21496014.
van den Tweel, Jan G.; Taylor, Clive R. (2017-03-02). "A brief history of pathology". Virchows Archiv. 457 (1): 3–10. doi:10.1007/s00428-010-0934-4. PMC 2895866. PMID 20499087.
Mitchell, Piers D; Boston, Ceridwen; Chamberlain, Andrew T; Chaplin, Simon; Chauhan, Vin; Evans, Jonathan; Fowler, Louise; Powers, Natasha; Walker, Don (2017-03-02). "The study of anatomy in England from 1700 to the early 20th century". Journal of Anatomy. 219 (2): 91–99. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01381.x. PMC 3162231. PMID 21496014.

nlm.nih.gov

"Dream Anatomy: Exhibition Information". NLM. Archived from the original on 2017-09-07. Retrieved 2018-03-21.

nyu.edu

dlib.nyu.edu

For the spelling of his Arabic name, see for example Kraus 1939. Sometimes it is also spelled زکریا (Zakariyyā) rather than زکریاء (Zakariyyāʾ), as for example in Dānish-pazhūh 1964, p. 1 of the edition, or in Mohaghegh 1993, p. 5. In modern Persian his name is rendered as ابوبکر محمدبن زکریا رازی (see Dānish-pazhūh 1964, p. 1 of the introduction), though instead of زکریا one may also find زکریای (see Mohaghegh 1993, p. 18). Kraus, Paul (1939). Abi Bakr Mohammadi Filii Zachariae Raghensis: Opera Philosophica, fragmentaque quae supersunt. Pars Prior. Universitatis Fouadi I litterarum facultatis publicationum. Vol. 22. Cairo: Jāmiʿat Fuʾād al-Awwal. OCLC 496583777. Dānish-pazhūh, Muḥammad Taqī (1964). Kitāb al-asrār wa-Sirr al-asrār. Tehran: Commission Nationale Iranienne pour l'UNESCO. Mohaghegh, Mehdi (1993). Kitâb Al – Shukûk ʻAlâ Jâlînûs. Tehran: International Institute of Islamic Though and Civilization. OCLC 257281952. Dānish-pazhūh, Muḥammad Taqī (1964). Kitāb al-asrār wa-Sirr al-asrār. Tehran: Commission Nationale Iranienne pour l'UNESCO. Mohaghegh, Mehdi (1993). Kitâb Al – Shukûk ʻAlâ Jâlînûs. Tehran: International Institute of Islamic Though and Civilization. OCLC 257281952.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Aird, W. C. (2011). "Discovery of the cardiovascular system: from Galen to William Harvey". Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 9 (s1): 118–129. doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04312.x. ISSN 1538-7836. PMID 21781247. S2CID 12092592.
Neder, J. Alberto (2020-06-01). "Cardiovascular and pulmonary interactions: why Galen's misconceptions proved clinically useful for 1,300 years". Advances in Physiology Education. 44 (2): 225–231. doi:10.1152/advan.00058.2020. ISSN 1043-4046. PMID 32412380. S2CID 218648041.
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For his date of birth, Kraus & Pines 1913–1936 give 864 CE / 250 AH (Goodman 1960–2007 gives 854 CE / 250 AH, but this is a typo), while Richter-Bernburg 2003 and Adamson 2021a give 865 CE / 251 AH. For his date of death as 925 or 935 CE / 313 or 323 AH, see Goodman 1960–2007; some sources only give 925 CE / 313 AH (Walker 1998; Richter-Bernburg 2003; Adamson 2021a). Kraus, Paul; Pines, Shlomo (1913–1936). "al-Rāzī". In Houtsma, M. Th.; Arnold, T.W.; Basset, R.; Hartmann, R. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, First Edition (1913–1936). doi:10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_SIM_3693. Goodman, L.E (1960–2007). "al-Rāzī". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_6267. Richter-Bernburg, Lutz (2003). "Ḥāwi, al-". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. XII/1: Harem I–Hedāyat al-mota'allemin. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 64–67. ISBN 978-0-933273-74-0. Adamson, Peter (2021a). "Abu Bakr al-Razi". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Walker, Paul E. (1998). "al-Razi, Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyya' (d. 925)". In Craig, Edward (ed.). Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. doi:10.4324/9780415249126-H043-1. ISBN 9780415250696. Adamson, Peter (2021a). "Abu Bakr al-Razi". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
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For the spelling of his Arabic name, see for example Kraus 1939. Sometimes it is also spelled زکریا (Zakariyyā) rather than زکریاء (Zakariyyāʾ), as for example in Dānish-pazhūh 1964, p. 1 of the edition, or in Mohaghegh 1993, p. 5. In modern Persian his name is rendered as ابوبکر محمدبن زکریا رازی (see Dānish-pazhūh 1964, p. 1 of the introduction), though instead of زکریا one may also find زکریای (see Mohaghegh 1993, p. 18). Kraus, Paul (1939). Abi Bakr Mohammadi Filii Zachariae Raghensis: Opera Philosophica, fragmentaque quae supersunt. Pars Prior. Universitatis Fouadi I litterarum facultatis publicationum. Vol. 22. Cairo: Jāmiʿat Fuʾād al-Awwal. OCLC 496583777. Dānish-pazhūh, Muḥammad Taqī (1964). Kitāb al-asrār wa-Sirr al-asrār. Tehran: Commission Nationale Iranienne pour l'UNESCO. Mohaghegh, Mehdi (1993). Kitâb Al – Shukûk ʻAlâ Jâlînûs. Tehran: International Institute of Islamic Though and Civilization. OCLC 257281952. Dānish-pazhūh, Muḥammad Taqī (1964). Kitāb al-asrār wa-Sirr al-asrār. Tehran: Commission Nationale Iranienne pour l'UNESCO. Mohaghegh, Mehdi (1993). Kitâb Al – Shukûk ʻAlâ Jâlînûs. Tehran: International Institute of Islamic Though and Civilization. OCLC 257281952.
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Aird, W. C. (2011). "Discovery of the cardiovascular system: from Galen to William Harvey". Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 9 (s1): 118–129. doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04312.x. ISSN 1538-7836. PMID 21781247. S2CID 12092592.
Neder, J. Alberto (2020-06-01). "Cardiovascular and pulmonary interactions: why Galen's misconceptions proved clinically useful for 1,300 years". Advances in Physiology Education. 44 (2): 225–231. doi:10.1152/advan.00058.2020. ISSN 1043-4046. PMID 32412380. S2CID 218648041.
Fleming, Donald (1955). "Galen on the Motions of the Blood in the Heart and Lungs". Isis. 46 (1): 14–21. doi:10.1086/348379. ISSN 0021-1753. JSTOR 226820. PMID 14353581. S2CID 29583656. Archived from the original on 2021-12-02. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
Edited and translated into French by Koetschet 2019. An older edition is Mohaghegh 1993. Koetschet, Pauline (2019). Abū Bakr al-Rāzī: Doutes sur Galien. Introduction, édition et traduction. Scientia Graeco-Arabica. Vol. 25. Berlin: De Gruyter. doi:10.1515/9783110629767. ISBN 9783110629767. S2CID 189234965. Mohaghegh, Mehdi (1993). Kitâb Al – Shukûk ʻAlâ Jâlînûs. Tehran: International Institute of Islamic Though and Civilization. OCLC 257281952.
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worldcat.org

Bynum, W. F. (1994). Science and the practice of medicine in the nineteenth century. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-25109-5. OCLC 422126074.