History of beer (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "History of beer" in English language version.

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adelaide.edu.au

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  • Dornbusch, Horst (27 August 2006). "Beer: The Midwife of Civilization". Assyrian International News Agency. Retrieved 4 November 2007. [...] as cultural beings we have not been around for more than perhaps the last 10,000 years...and, incredibly, beer-making has been around just as long, but apparently not longer! [...] Eventually the Sumerians produced more grain than they could consume themselves, either in solid or in liquid form. So they began to trade the fruits of the earth with neighboring people, mostly Semitic tribes to the north. To organize their massive collective efforts, they developed humanity's first large-scale cities, at least 7,000 years ago. The earliest carbon-dated remnants of such civilized habitations go back to between 4000 and 5000 BCE, but they probably thrived long before then. [...] We know from Sumerian records that, by the fourth millennium BCE, this industrious society of scribes, farmers, and brewers used as much as half its annual grain harvest for beer. [...] Because we consider the dawn of Sumerian culture also the dawn of man's recorded history, there is sound reason to think that beer and human civilization began at roughly the same time...and humanity hasn't stopped brewing since. If for no other reason than that beer is intimately connected with the transition of mankind from primitive to civilized society, beer has a very special place in anthropology. As is clear from the archeological evidence, man and beer have had a close and unique relationship ever since the very beginning of society, and the link has been powerful and influential.

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beer-pages.com

  • Protz, Roger (2004). "The Complete Guide to World Beer". Archived from the original on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 30 September 2008. When people of the ancient world realised they could make bread and beer from grain, they stopped roaming and settled down to cultivate cereals in recognisable communities.

books.google.com

brewersassociation.org

craftbeer.com

doi.org

doi.org

  • Wang, Jiajing; Liu, Li; Ball, Terry; Yu, Linjie; Li, Yuanqing; Xing, Fulai (23 May 2016). "Revealing a 5,000-y-old beer recipe in China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (23): 6444–6448. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.6444W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1601465113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4988576. PMID 27217567.
  • Mirsky, Steve (1 May 2007). "Ale's Well with the World". Scientific American. 296 (5): 102. Bibcode:2007SciAm.296e.102M. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0507-102. Retrieved 4 November 2007. 'Beer is the basis of modern static civilization,' began Bamforth, Anheuser-Busch Endowed Professor of Brewing Science at the University of California, Davis. 'Because before beer was discovered, people used to wander around and follow goats from place to place. And then they realized that this grain [barley] could be grown and sprouted and made into a bread and crumbled and converted into a liquid which gave a nice, warm, cozy feeling. So gone were the days that they followed goats around. They stayed put while the grain grew and while the beer was brewed. And they made villages out of their tents. And those villages became towns, and those towns became cities. [...]'
  • McGovern, P. E.; Zhang, J. Z.; Tang, J. G.; et al. (2004). "Fermented beverages of pre- and proto-historic China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (51): 17593–17598. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10117593M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0407921102. JSTOR 3374013. PMC 539767. PMID 15590771.
  • Sheffield, Ann (1 April 2023). "Men Who Brew: Masculinity and the Production of Drink in Medieval Icelandic Literature". Scandinavian Studies. 95 (1): 85–107. doi:10.5406/21638195.95.1.04. ISSN 0036-5637.
  • Segel, Edward; Molyneux, Russell J. (May 1971). "Technical Activities of the United States Brewers Association. III". Proceedings. Annual Meeting – American Society of Brewing Chemists. 29 (1): 280–287. doi:10.1080/00960845.1971.12007026. ISSN 0096-0845.

dx.doi.org

dreherrt.hu

  • "Beer-history". Dreher Breweries. Archived from the original on 9 July 2009. Up until the 14th century, beer – one of natural 'euphoric drinks' of mankind – was made at home. In those days, as most household tasks, beer production was the job of women. It was like this in our country as well.

forbes.com

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harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

  • Wang, Jiajing; Liu, Li; Ball, Terry; Yu, Linjie; Li, Yuanqing; Xing, Fulai (23 May 2016). "Revealing a 5,000-y-old beer recipe in China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (23): 6444–6448. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.6444W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1601465113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4988576. PMID 27217567.
  • Mirsky, Steve (1 May 2007). "Ale's Well with the World". Scientific American. 296 (5): 102. Bibcode:2007SciAm.296e.102M. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0507-102. Retrieved 4 November 2007. 'Beer is the basis of modern static civilization,' began Bamforth, Anheuser-Busch Endowed Professor of Brewing Science at the University of California, Davis. 'Because before beer was discovered, people used to wander around and follow goats from place to place. And then they realized that this grain [barley] could be grown and sprouted and made into a bread and crumbled and converted into a liquid which gave a nice, warm, cozy feeling. So gone were the days that they followed goats around. They stayed put while the grain grew and while the beer was brewed. And they made villages out of their tents. And those villages became towns, and those towns became cities. [...]'
  • McGovern, P. E.; Zhang, J. Z.; Tang, J. G.; et al. (2004). "Fermented beverages of pre- and proto-historic China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (51): 17593–17598. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10117593M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0407921102. JSTOR 3374013. PMC 539767. PMID 15590771.

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mirror.co.uk

newscientist.com

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

  • Wang, Jiajing; Liu, Li; Ball, Terry; Yu, Linjie; Li, Yuanqing; Xing, Fulai (23 May 2016). "Revealing a 5,000-y-old beer recipe in China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (23): 6444–6448. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.6444W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1601465113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4988576. PMID 27217567.
  • McGovern, P. E.; Zhang, J. Z.; Tang, J. G.; et al. (2004). "Fermented beverages of pre- and proto-historic China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (51): 17593–17598. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10117593M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0407921102. JSTOR 3374013. PMC 539767. PMID 15590771.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

  • Wang, Jiajing; Liu, Li; Ball, Terry; Yu, Linjie; Li, Yuanqing; Xing, Fulai (23 May 2016). "Revealing a 5,000-y-old beer recipe in China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (23): 6444–6448. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.6444W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1601465113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4988576. PMID 27217567.
  • McGovern, P. E.; Zhang, J. Z.; Tang, J. G.; et al. (2004). "Fermented beverages of pre- and proto-historic China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (51): 17593–17598. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10117593M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0407921102. JSTOR 3374013. PMC 539767. PMID 15590771.

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scientificamerican.com

  • Mirsky, Steve (1 May 2007). "Ale's Well with the World". Scientific American. 296 (5): 102. Bibcode:2007SciAm.296e.102M. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0507-102. Retrieved 4 November 2007. 'Beer is the basis of modern static civilization,' began Bamforth, Anheuser-Busch Endowed Professor of Brewing Science at the University of California, Davis. 'Because before beer was discovered, people used to wander around and follow goats from place to place. And then they realized that this grain [barley] could be grown and sprouted and made into a bread and crumbled and converted into a liquid which gave a nice, warm, cozy feeling. So gone were the days that they followed goats around. They stayed put while the grain grew and while the beer was brewed. And they made villages out of their tents. And those villages became towns, and those towns became cities. [...]'

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  • Wang, Jiajing; Liu, Li; Ball, Terry; Yu, Linjie; Li, Yuanqing; Xing, Fulai (23 May 2016). "Revealing a 5,000-y-old beer recipe in China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (23): 6444–6448. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.6444W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1601465113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4988576. PMID 27217567.
  • Siddique, Haroon (31 January 2019). "Early pint: evidence of 'first British beer' found in Cambridgeshire". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 11 September 2020.
  • Nip, Renée (2002). "Life and afterlife". In Mulder-Bakker, Anneke B. (ed.). The Invention of Saintliness. Routledge. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-134-49865-9. OCLC 49824727. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
  • Unger, Richard W. (2007). "Guild Religious and Social Functions". Beer in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 217. ISBN 978-0-8122-1999-9. OCLC 55055450. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
  • Sheffield, Ann (1 April 2023). "Men Who Brew: Masculinity and the Production of Drink in Medieval Icelandic Literature". Scandinavian Studies. 95 (1): 85–107. doi:10.5406/21638195.95.1.04. ISSN 0036-5637.
  • Segel, Edward; Molyneux, Russell J. (May 1971). "Technical Activities of the United States Brewers Association. III". Proceedings. Annual Meeting – American Society of Brewing Chemists. 29 (1): 280–287. doi:10.1080/00960845.1971.12007026. ISSN 0096-0845.

xinhuanet.com

yahoo.com

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zythophile.co.uk