History of computer science (English Wikipedia)

Boyer, Carl B.; Merzbach, Uta C. (1991). A History of Mathematics (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 252–253. ISBN 978-0-471-54397-8.
Ifrah, Georges (2001). The Universal History of Computing: From the Abacus to the Quantum Computer. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-39671-0.
Peirce, C. S. (manuscript winter of 1880–81), "A Boolian Algebra with One Constant", published 1933 in Collected Papers v. 4, paragraphs 12–20. Reprinted 1989 in Writings of Charles S. Peirce v. 4, pp. 218–21, Google [1]. See Roberts, Don D. (2009), The Existential Graphs of Charles S. Peirce, p. 131.
Grier 2013, p. 138. Grier, David Alan (2013). When Computers Were Human. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400849369 – via Project MUSE.
Cragon, Harvey G. (2000). Computer Architecture and Implementation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–13. ISBN 978-0-521-65168-4.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"BBC News – How Alan Turing's Pilot ACE changed computing". BBC News. May 15, 2010.

books.google.com

Evans 2018, p. 16. Evans, Claire L. (2018). Broad Band: The Untold Story of the Women Who Made the Internet. New York: Portfolio/Penguin. ISBN 9780735211759.
Evans 2018, p. 21. Evans, Claire L. (2018). Broad Band: The Untold Story of the Women Who Made the Internet. New York: Portfolio/Penguin. ISBN 9780735211759.
Evans 2018, p. 20. Evans, Claire L. (2018). Broad Band: The Untold Story of the Women Who Made the Internet. New York: Portfolio/Penguin. ISBN 9780735211759.
Hans Kleine Büning; Theodor Lettmann (1999). Propositional logic: deduction and algorithms. Cambridge University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-521-63017-7.
John Bird (2007). Engineering mathematics. Newnes. p. 532. ISBN 978-0-7506-8555-9.

britannica.com

"Charles Babbage". Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica In. 3 July 2023. Retrieved 2023-07-06.

bu.edu

sites.bu.edu

Stanković, Radomir S; Astola, Jaakko T; Karpovsky, Mark G. Some historical remarks about the development and applications of switching (PDF) (Report).

computerhope.com

"Who is the Father of the Computer?". ComputerHope.

creativitypost.com

"The Creativity Post | What is Computational Creativity?". The Creativity Post. Retrieved 2021-03-04.

doi.org

Sinha, A. C. (1978). "On the status of recursive rules in transformational grammar". Lingua. 44 (2–3): 169–218. doi:10.1016/0024-3841(78)90076-1.
Lorch, R. P. (1976), "The Astronomical Instruments of Jabir ibn Aflah and the Torquetum", Centaurus, 20 (1): 11–34, Bibcode:1976Cent...20...11L, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0498.1976.tb00214.x
Koetsier, Teun (2001), "On the prehistory of programmable machines: musical automata, looms, calculators", Mechanism and Machine Theory, 36 (5): 589–603, doi:10.1016/S0094-114X(01)00005-2.
Marchant, Jo (November 2006). "In search of lost time". Nature. 444 (7119): 534–538. Bibcode:2006Natur.444..534M. doi:10.1038/444534a. PMID 17136067.
"John Napier and the Invention of Logarithms, 1614 . E. W. Hobson". Isis. 3 (2): 285–286. October 1920. doi:10.1086/357925.
Lande, Daniel R. (December 2014). "Development of the Binary Number System and the Foundations of Computer Science". The Mathematics Enthusiast. 11 (3): 513–540. doi:10.54870/1551-3440.1315. ProQuest 1646358626.
Wiener, Norbert (1948). "Time, Communication, and the Nervous System". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 50 (4 Teleological): 197–220. Bibcode:1948NYASA..50..197W. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1948.tb39853.x. PMID 18886381.
Kneusel, Ronald T (2025). Numbers and Computers. Texts in Computer Science. pp. 84–85. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-67482-2. ISBN 978-3-031-67481-5.
Torres y Quevedo, Leonardo (1982). "Electromechanical Calculating Machine". The Origins of Digital Computers. pp. 109–120. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-61812-3_7. ISBN 978-3-642-61814-7.
Yamada, Akihiko (2004). "History of Research on Switching Theory in Japan". IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials. 124 (8): 720–726. Bibcode:2004IJTFM.124..720Y. doi:10.1541/ieejfms.124.720.
Shannon, Claude (2021). "A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits (1938)". Ideas That Created the Future. pp. 71–78. doi:10.7551/mitpress/12274.003.0010. ISBN 978-0-262-36317-4.
Light, Jennifer S. (1999). "When Computers Were Women". Technology and Culture. 40 (3): 455–483. doi:10.1353/tech.1999.0128. Project MUSE 33396.
Kiesler, Sara; Sproull, Lee; Eccles, Jacquelynne S. (December 1985). "Pool Halls, Chips, and War Games: Women in the Culture of Computing". Psychology of Women Quarterly. 9 (4): 451–462. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1985.tb00895.x.
Fritz, W.B. (Fall 1996). "The women of ENIAC". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 18 (3): 13–28. doi:10.1109/85.511940.
Gürer, Denise (June 2002). "Pioneering women in computer science". ACM SIGCSE Bulletin. 34 (2): 175–180. doi:10.1145/543812.543853.
Rojas, R. (1998). "How to make Zuse's Z3 a universal computer". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 20 (3): 51–54. doi:10.1109/85.707574.
Xiong, Aiping; Proctor, Robert W. (2018). "Information Processing: The Language and Analytical Tools for Cognitive Psychology in the Information Age". Frontiers in Psychology. 9: 1270. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01270. PMC 6092626. PMID 30135664.
Haenlein, Michael; Kaplan, Andreas (August 2019). "A Brief History of Artificial Intelligence: On the Past, Present, and Future of Artificial Intelligence". California Management Review. 61 (4): 5–14. doi:10.1177/0008125619864925.
Baeten, Jos C. M.; Ball, Tom; Boer, Frank S., eds. (2012). Theoretical Computer Science. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 7604. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-33475-7. ISBN 978-3-642-33474-0.^{[page needed]}

eingang.org

lecture.eingang.org

"History of Computing Science: The First Mechanical Calculator". eingang.org.

everythingcomputerscience.com

"CS History". everythingcomputerscience.com. Retrieved 2020-05-01.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Lorch, R. P. (1976), "The Astronomical Instruments of Jabir ibn Aflah and the Torquetum", Centaurus, 20 (1): 11–34, Bibcode:1976Cent...20...11L, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0498.1976.tb00214.x
Marchant, Jo (November 2006). "In search of lost time". Nature. 444 (7119): 534–538. Bibcode:2006Natur.444..534M. doi:10.1038/444534a. PMID 17136067.
Wiener, Norbert (1948). "Time, Communication, and the Nervous System". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 50 (4 Teleological): 197–220. Bibcode:1948NYASA..50..197W. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1948.tb39853.x. PMID 18886381.
Yamada, Akihiko (2004). "History of Research on Switching Theory in Japan". IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials. 124 (8): 720–726. Bibcode:2004IJTFM.124..720Y. doi:10.1541/ieejfms.124.720.

haverford.edu

ds-wordpress.haverford.edu

"1.6 Shickard's Calculating Clock | Bit by Bit". Retrieved 2021-03-17.

huffingtonpost.com

Isaacson, Betsy (2012-12-10). "Ada Lovelace, World's First Computer Programmer, Celebrated With Google Doodle". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2013-02-20.

idsia.ch

people.idsia.ch

"2021: 375th birthday of Leibniz, father of computer science". people.idsia.ch.

ingeniousireland.ie

"1907: was the first portable computer design Irish?". Ingenious Ireland. 17 October 2012.

ipsj.or.jp

museum.ipsj.or.jp

"Switching Theory/Relay Circuit Network Theory/Theory of Logical Mathematics". IPSJ Computer Museum. Information Processing Society of Japan.

islamicweb.com

"Islam, Knowledge, and Science". Islamic Web. Retrieved 2017-11-05.

jhu.edu

muse.jhu.edu

Light, Jennifer S. (1999). "When Computers Were Women". Technology and Culture. 40 (3): 455–483. doi:10.1353/tech.1999.0128. Project MUSE 33396.

maths.org

plus.maths.org

"Gödel and the limits of logic". plus.maths.org. 2006-06-01. Retrieved 2020-05-01.

muslimheritage.com

"Al-Kindi, Cryptography, Codebreaking and Ciphers". 9 June 2003. Retrieved 2023-08-25.

navy.mil

doncio.navy.mil

"The First "Computer Bug"". CHIPS. 30 (1). United States Navy: 18. January–March 2012. Retrieved 2023-12-03.

ncl.ac.uk

cs.ncl.ac.uk

Randell, Brian. "From Analytical Engine to Electronic Digital Computer: The Contributions of Ludgate, Torres, and Bush" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 9 September 2013.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Marchant, Jo (November 2006). "In search of lost time". Nature. 444 (7119): 534–538. Bibcode:2006Natur.444..534M. doi:10.1038/444534a. PMID 17136067.
Wiener, Norbert (1948). "Time, Communication, and the Nervous System". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 50 (4 Teleological): 197–220. Bibcode:1948NYASA..50..197W. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1948.tb39853.x. PMID 18886381.
Xiong, Aiping; Proctor, Robert W. (2018). "Information Processing: The Language and Analytical Tools for Cognitive Psychology in the Information Age". Frontiers in Psychology. 9: 1270. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01270. PMC 6092626. PMID 30135664.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Xiong, Aiping; Proctor, Robert W. (2018). "Information Processing: The Language and Analytical Tools for Cognitive Psychology in the Information Age". Frontiers in Psychology. 9: 1270. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01270. PMC 6092626. PMID 30135664.

oxforddictionaries.com

"Accumlator" Def. 3. Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on May 18, 2013.

projecteuclid.org

Peirce, C. S., "Letter, Peirce to A. Marquand", dated 1886, Writings of Charles S. Peirce, v. 5, 1993, pp. 421–23. See Burks, Arthur W., "Review: Charles S. Peirce, The new elements of mathematics", Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society v. 84, n. 5 (1978), pp. 913–18, see 917. PDF.

proquest.com

Lande, Daniel R. (December 2014). "Development of the Binary Number System and the Foundations of Computer Science". The Mathematics Enthusiast. 11 (3): 513–540. doi:10.54870/1551-3440.1315. ProQuest 1646358626.
Moor, James (15 December 2006). "The Dartmouth College Artificial Intelligence Conference: The Next Fifty Years". AI Magazine. 27 (4): 87–91. ProQuest 208119658.

quickclick.es

Torres Quevedo, Leonardo (19 November 1914). "Automática: Complemento de la Teoría de las Máquinas" (PDF). Revista de Obras Públicas. LXII (2043): 575–583.

stanford.edu

plato.stanford.edu

Copeland, B. Jack (2019). "The Church-Turing Thesis". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2019 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
"Turing's Automatic Computing Engine". The Modern History of Computing. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2017.
Barker-Plummer, David (1995-09-14). "Turing Machines". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 2013-02-20.

tcd.ie

scss.tcd.ie

"The John Gabriel Byrne Computer Science Collection" (PDF). Archived from the original on 2019-04-16. Retrieved 2019-08-08.

theguardian.com

Bellos, Alex (2012-10-25). "Abacus adds up to number joy in Japan". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2013-06-25.

thoughtco.com

Bellis, Mary (15 May 2019) [First published 2006 at inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa050298.htm]. "Biography of Konrad Zuse, Inventor and Programmer of Early Computers". thoughtco.com. Dotdash Meredith. Archived from the original on 13 December 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2021. Konrad Zuse earned the semiofficial title of 'inventor of the modern computer'^[who?]

tut.fi

ticsp.cs.tut.fi

Stanković, Radomir S. [in German]; Astola, Jaakko Tapio [in Finnish], eds. (2008). Reprints from the Early Days of Information Sciences: TICSP Series On the Contributions of Akira Nakashima to Switching Theory (PDF). Tampere International Center for Signal Processing (TICSP) Series. Vol. 40. Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland. ISBN 978-952-15-1980-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-03-08.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) (3+207+1 pages) 10:00 min

uwaterloo.ca

cs.uwaterloo.ca

"History of Computer Science". uwaterloo.ca.

web.archive.org

"Project Overview". The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project. Archived from the original on 2022-05-21. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
"The John Gabriel Byrne Computer Science Collection" (PDF). Archived from the original on 2019-04-16. Retrieved 2019-08-08.
Randell, Brian. "From Analytical Engine to Electronic Digital Computer: The Contributions of Ludgate, Torres, and Bush" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 9 September 2013.
Stanković, Radomir S. [in German]; Astola, Jaakko Tapio [in Finnish], eds. (2008). Reprints from the Early Days of Information Sciences: TICSP Series On the Contributions of Akira Nakashima to Switching Theory (PDF). Tampere International Center for Signal Processing (TICSP) Series. Vol. 40. Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland. ISBN 978-952-15-1980-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-03-08.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) (3+207+1 pages) 10:00 min
Bellis, Mary (15 May 2019) [First published 2006 at inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa050298.htm]. "Biography of Konrad Zuse, Inventor and Programmer of Early Computers". thoughtco.com. Dotdash Meredith. Archived from the original on 13 December 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2021. Konrad Zuse earned the semiofficial title of 'inventor of the modern computer'^[who?]
Rojas, Raúl. "How to Make Zuse's Z3 a Universal Computer". Archived from the original on 2014-07-14.
"Accumlator" Def. 3. Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on May 18, 2013.

wikipedia.org

de.wikipedia.org

Stanković, Radomir S. [in German]; Astola, Jaakko Tapio [in Finnish], eds. (2008). Reprints from the Early Days of Information Sciences: TICSP Series On the Contributions of Akira Nakashima to Switching Theory (PDF). Tampere International Center for Signal Processing (TICSP) Series. Vol. 40. Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland. ISBN 978-952-15-1980-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-03-08.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) (3+207+1 pages) 10:00 min

fi.wikipedia.org

Stanković, Radomir S. [in German]; Astola, Jaakko Tapio [in Finnish], eds. (2008). Reprints from the Early Days of Information Sciences: TICSP Series On the Contributions of Akira Nakashima to Switching Theory (PDF). Tampere International Center for Signal Processing (TICSP) Series. Vol. 40. Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland. ISBN 978-952-15-1980-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-03-08.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) (3+207+1 pages) 10:00 min

worldcat.org

Shannon, Claude Elwood (1964). The mathematical theory of communication. Warren Weaver. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-72548-4. OCLC 2654027. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Prudhomme, Gerard (December 2018). Introduction to Assembly Language Programming. Arcler Education Incorporated. ISBN 978-1-77361-470-0. OCLC 1089398724.
McCarthy, John; Lifschitz, Vladimir (1991). Artificial intelligence and mathematical theory of computation : papers in honor of John McCarthy. Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-450010-2. OCLC 911282256.

search.worldcat.org

Shannon, Claude Elwood (1964). The mathematical theory of communication. Warren Weaver. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-72548-4. OCLC 2654027. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Prudhomme, Gerard (December 2018). Introduction to Assembly Language Programming. Arcler Education Incorporated. ISBN 978-1-77361-470-0. OCLC 1089398724.
McCarthy, John; Lifschitz, Vladimir (1991). Artificial intelligence and mathematical theory of computation : papers in honor of John McCarthy. Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-450010-2. OCLC 911282256.

zib.de

Rojas, Raúl. "How to Make Zuse's Z3 a Universal Computer". Archived from the original on 2014-07-14.