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Gunning, Tom (2006). "The Cinema of Attraction[s]: Early Film, Its Spectator and the Avant-Garde". In Strauven, Wanda (ed.). The Cinema of Attractions Reloaded. Amsterdam University Press. pp. 381–388. ISBN978-90-5356-945-0. JSTORj.ctt46n09s.27.
de Klerk, Nico (1999). "A Few Remaining Hours: News Films and the Interest in Technology in Amsterdam Film Shows, 1896–1910". Film History. 11 (1): 5–17. ISSN0892-2160. JSTOR3815253.
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Strauven, Wanda (2006). "From 'Primitive Cinema' to 'Marvelous'". In Strauven, Wanda (ed.). The Cinema of Attractions Reloaded. Amsterdam University Press. pp. 105–120. ISBN978-90-5356-945-0. JSTORj.ctt46n09s.10.
Montanaro, Carlo; Gabhann, Liam Mac (2019). Silver Screen to Digital: A Brief History of Film Technology. Indiana University Press. p. 65. ISBN978-0-86196-746-9. JSTORj.ctvsn3pvn.
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"Percy Smith". wildfilmhistory.org. Archived from the original on September 28, 2008. Retrieved 24 April 2011.
Willems, Gilles "Les origines de Pathé-Natan" In Une Histoire Économique du Cinéma Français (1895–1995), Regards Croisés Franco-Américains, Pierre-Jean Benghozi and Christian Delage, eds. Paris: Harmattan, Collection Champs Visuels, 1997. English translation: The origins of Pathé-NatanArchived 9 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine La Trobe University
Lee, Kevin (5 September 2002). "A Slanted Canon". Asian American Film Commentary. Archived from the original on 18 February 2012. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
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Rossell, Deac (1995). "A Chronology of Cinema, 1889–1896". Film History. 7 (2): 140. ISSN0892-2160. JSTOR3815166.
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Rothstein, Edward; B, S.-Ilent Films Were Never Silent When the Evil Landlord Twirled His Moustache (8 February 1981). "Silent Films Had a Musical Voice". The New York Times. ISSN0362-4331. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
de Klerk, Nico (1999). "A Few Remaining Hours: News Films and the Interest in Technology in Amsterdam Film Shows, 1896–1910". Film History. 11 (1): 5–17. ISSN0892-2160. JSTOR3815253.
MacGowan, Kenneth (1955). "The Story Comes to the Screen: 1896–1906". The Quarterly of Film Radio and Television. 10 (1): 64–88. doi:10.2307/1209964. ISSN1549-0068. JSTOR1209964.
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