History of music (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "History of music" in English language version.

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Levitin & Tirovolas 2009, pp. 212–213. Levitin, D. J.; Tirovolas, A. K. (2009). "Current Advances in the Cognitive Neuroscience of Music". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1156 (1): 211–231. Bibcode:2009NYASA1156..211L. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04417.x. PMID 19338510. S2CID 2856561.
Levitin & Tirovolas 2009, p. 213. Levitin, D. J.; Tirovolas, A. K. (2009). "Current Advances in the Cognitive Neuroscience of Music". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1156 (1): 211–231. Bibcode:2009NYASA1156..211L. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04417.x. PMID 19338510. S2CID 2856561.

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Lamb, Bill. "Pop Music Defined". About Entertainment. About.com. Archived from the original on 20 October 2005. Retrieved 13 November 2015.

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Atwood, Roger (2011). "The Nok of Nigeria". Archaeology. Vol. 64, no. 4.

archive.org

Grout 1973, p. 2. Grout, Donald Jay (1973). A History of Western Music. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-09416-9.
Darwin, Charles (1874) [1871]. The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. London: John Murray. p. 87. OCLC 1239976266.
Nettl 1956, pp. 1–5. Nettl, Bruno (1956). Music in Primitive Culture. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-59000-7.
Grout 1973, pp. 4–5, 11. Grout, Donald Jay (1973). A History of Western Music. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-09416-9.
Grout 1973, p. 24. Grout, Donald Jay (1973). A History of Western Music. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-09416-9.
Wade 2005, p. 24. Wade, Bonnie C. (2005). Music in Japan: Experiencing Music, Expressing Culture. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-514487-1.

bl.uk

Clayton, Ewan. "Where did writing begin?". British Library. Retrieved 20 June 2021.

books.google.com

Though the term "primitive music" includes extinct preliterate cultures, it also refers to existing uncontacted indigenous peoples.^[41] The term is now outdated, though Wallin, Merker & Brown (2000, p. 21) assert that the 20th-century musicologists that used it had "nothing less but respect" for the music in question.^[42] Wallin, Nils; Merker, Björn; Brown, Steven, eds. (2000). The Origins of Music. Cambridge: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-73143-0.
- See Morley (2013, pp. 43–45) for a comprehensive table on all eight surviving flutes from the Geissenklösterle, Hohle Fels and Vogelherd caves Morley, Iain (2013). The Prehistory of Music: Human Evolution, Archaeology, and the Origins of Musicality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-923408-0.
- Morley 2013, p. 5. Morley, Iain (2013). The Prehistory of Music: Human Evolution, Archaeology, and the Origins of Musicality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-923408-0.
- Wallin, Merker & Brown 2000, pp. 3–4. Wallin, Nils; Merker, Björn; Brown, Steven, eds. (2000). The Origins of Music. Cambridge: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-73143-0.
  - Wallin, Merker & Brown 2000, p. 3. Wallin, Nils; Merker, Björn; Brown, Steven, eds. (2000). The Origins of Music. Cambridge: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-73143-0.
    - Wallin, Merker & Brown 2000, p. 8. Wallin, Nils; Merker, Björn; Brown, Steven, eds. (2000). The Origins of Music. Cambridge: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-73143-0.
      - Morley 2013, pp. 2–3. Morley, Iain (2013). The Prehistory of Music: Human Evolution, Archaeology, and the Origins of Musicality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-923408-0.
      - Wallin, Merker & Brown 2000, pp. 5–6. Wallin, Nils; Merker, Björn; Brown, Steven, eds. (2000). The Origins of Music. Cambridge: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-73143-0.
        Bickerton, Derek (2000). "Can Biomusicology Learn from Language Evolution Studies?". The Origins of Music. (In Wallin, Merker & Brown (2000, pp. 153–163))
        Wallin, Merker & Brown 2000, p. 11. Wallin, Nils; Merker, Björn; Brown, Steven, eds. (2000). The Origins of Music. Cambridge: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-73143-0.
        Bickerton, Derek (2000). "Can Biomusicology Learn from Language Evolution Studies?". The Origins of Music. (In Wallin, Merker & Brown (2000, pp. 153–163))
        Morley 2013, p. 315. Morley, Iain (2013). The Prehistory of Music: Human Evolution, Archaeology, and the Origins of Musicality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-923408-0.
        Murray 2020, p. 13. Murray, Penelope (2020). "The Mythology of the Muses". In Lynch, Tosca A. C.; Rocconi, Eleonora (eds.). A Companion to Ancient Greek and Roman Music. Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World. Hoboken: Wiley. ISBN 978-1-119-27547-3.
        Morley 2013, pp. 38–39. Morley, Iain (2013). The Prehistory of Music: Human Evolution, Archaeology, and the Origins of Musicality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-923408-0.
        Wallin, Merker & Brown 2000, p. 21. Wallin, Nils; Merker, Björn; Brown, Steven, eds. (2000). The Origins of Music. Cambridge: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-73143-0.
        Bickerton, Derek (2000). "Can Biomusicology Learn from Language Evolution Studies?". The Origins of Music. (In Wallin, Merker & Brown (2000, pp. 153–163))
        Morley 2013, p. 3. Morley, Iain (2013). The Prehistory of Music: Human Evolution, Archaeology, and the Origins of Musicality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-923408-0.
        Morley 2013, p. 33. Morley, Iain (2013). The Prehistory of Music: Human Evolution, Archaeology, and the Origins of Musicality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-923408-0.
        Morley 2013, p. 38. Morley, Iain (2013). The Prehistory of Music: Human Evolution, Archaeology, and the Origins of Musicality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-923408-0.
        Morley 2013, p. 42. Morley, Iain (2013). The Prehistory of Music: Human Evolution, Archaeology, and the Origins of Musicality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-923408-0.
        Morley 2013, p. 43. Morley, Iain (2013). The Prehistory of Music: Human Evolution, Archaeology, and the Origins of Musicality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-923408-0.
        Morley 2013, p. 324. Morley, Iain (2013). The Prehistory of Music: Human Evolution, Archaeology, and the Origins of Musicality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-923408-0.
        Randel 2003, pp. 361, 767. Randel, Don Michael, ed. (2003). The Harvard Dictionary of Music (4th ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674011632.
        Randel 2003, p. 260. Randel, Don Michael, ed. (2003). The Harvard Dictionary of Music (4th ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674011632.
        Dillon, Michael (24 February 1998). China: A Historical and Cultural Dictionary. Farnham: Routledge. pp. 224–225. ISBN 978-0-7007-0439-2.
        Mathiesen 1999, p. 177. Mathiesen, Thomas J. (1999). Apollo's Lyre: Greek Music and Music Theory in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-3079-8.
        Farhat 2004, p. 3. Farhat, Hormoz (2004). The Dastgah Concept in Persian Music. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-54206-7.
        Curtis 2003, p. 138. Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh (2003). "Persian Myths". World of Myths. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-70607-1.
        Metcalfe, William (1898). The Scottish Review. Vol. XXXII. Alexander Gardner. p. 302.
        Sorrell & Narayan 1980, pp. 3–4. Sorrell, Neil; Narayan, Ram (1980). Indian Music in Performance: A Practical Introduction. Manchester: Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-0756-9.
        Te Nijenhuis 1974, p. 80. Te Nijenhuis, Emmie (1974). Indian Music: History and Structure. Leiden: Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-03978-0.
        Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World: Performance and production. Volume II. A&C Black. 2003. p. 431. ISBN 978-0-8264-6321-0.
        Campbell, Michael (2012). Popular Music in America:The Beat Goes On. Cengage Learning. p. 24. ISBN 978-1-133-71260-2.

britannica.com

"Sarasvati | Hindu deity | Britannica". Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 14 July 2017. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
Malm 2019, "Ancient artifacts and writings". Malm, William P. (19 November 2019). "Chinese music | Characeristics, History, Instruments, Genres & Facts | Britannica". Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021.
Malm 2019, "Han dynasty (3rd century BCE–3rd century CE): musical events and foreign influences". Malm, William P. (19 November 2019). "Chinese music | Characeristics, History, Instruments, Genres & Facts | Britannica". Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021.
Nicol, Donald MacGillivray (21 September 2021). "Byzantine Empire | History, Geography, Maps & Facts". Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 2 October 2021. When did the Byzantine Empire exist?: The Byzantine Empire existed from approximately 395 CE—when the Roman Empire was split—to 1453.

doi.org

As of 1983,^[update] Tong (1983a, p. 79) notes that "several dozen Shang qing have been unearthed in [the 20th century]". From what is known, the common people did not use qing during the Shang dynasty (1600–1046); many qing instruments have decorations akin to the bronzeware and jade items of the Shang elite.^[74] Tong, Kin-Woon (1983a). "Shang Musical Instruments: Part One". Asian Music. 14 (2): 17–182. doi:10.2307/833936. JSTOR 833936.
There may have been an incipient form of the Music Bureau (Yuefu) during the Qin dynasty.^[103] In general, the chronology of the Music Bureau is unclear and extremely contradictory in ancient records. See Birrell (1993, pp. xviii–xx) for further information Birrell, Anne (1993) [1988]. Popular Songs and Ballads of Han China. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv9zcm2j. ISBN 978-0-8248-1548-6. JSTOR j.ctv9zcm2j.
See Birrell (1993, pp. xxi–xxiv) for information on the location and amount of surviving folksongs. Birrell, Anne (1993) [1988]. Popular Songs and Ballads of Han China. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv9zcm2j. ISBN 978-0-8248-1548-6. JSTOR j.ctv9zcm2j.
Merker, Morley & Zuidema 2015, "Introduction". Merker, Björn; Morley, Iain; Zuidema, Willem (19 March 2015). "Five fundamental constraints on theories of the origins of music". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 370 (1664). Royal Society. doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0095. eISSN 1471-2970. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 4321136. PMID 25646518.
Goldstein 2016, "Language and Music in Cognition". Goldstein, Ian (31 March 2016). "Music and Cognition". Oxford Bibliographies: Music. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/obo/9780199757824-0169. (subscription required)
Levitin & Tirovolas 2009, pp. 212–213. Levitin, D. J.; Tirovolas, A. K. (2009). "Current Advances in the Cognitive Neuroscience of Music". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1156 (1): 211–231. Bibcode:2009NYASA1156..211L. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04417.x. PMID 19338510. S2CID 2856561.
Levitin & Tirovolas 2009, p. 213. Levitin, D. J.; Tirovolas, A. K. (2009). "Current Advances in the Cognitive Neuroscience of Music". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1156 (1): 211–231. Bibcode:2009NYASA1156..211L. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04417.x. PMID 19338510. S2CID 2856561.
Nettl 2001, "8. On the Origins of Music". Nettl, Bruno (2001). "Music". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.40476. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
Nadel 1930. Nadel, Siegfried (October 1930). "The Origins of Music". The Musical Quarterly. 16 (4). Translated by Baker, Theodore. Oxford University Press: 531–546. doi:10.1093/mq/XVI.4.531. JSTOR 738618.
Killin 2018, "Music archaeology of the Upper Palaeolithic". Killin, Anton (14 February 2018). "The origins of music: Evidence, theory, and prospects". Music & Science. doi:10.1177/2059204317751971. hdl:1885/162771. S2CID 165905083.
Killin 2018, "The Late Pleistocene: Mid/Upper Palaeolithic musicality". Killin, Anton (14 February 2018). "The origins of music: Evidence, theory, and prospects". Music & Science. doi:10.1177/2059204317751971. hdl:1885/162771. S2CID 165905083.
Rycroft 2001, "1. History". Rycroft, David K. (2001). "Musical bow". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.19417. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
Picard, François (28 May 2015) [8 December 2014]. "Gudi". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.L2281191. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
Tong 1983a, p. 23. Tong, Kin-Woon (1983a). "Shang Musical Instruments: Part One". Asian Music. 14 (2): 17–182. doi:10.2307/833936. JSTOR 833936.
DeVale, Sue Carole; Lawergren, Bo (2001). "Harp: IV. Asia". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.45738. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
Boltz, William (1999). "Language and Writing". In Loewe, Michael; Shaughnessy, Edward L. (eds.). The Cambridge History of Ancient China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 88. doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521470308.004. ISBN 978-0-521-47030-8.
Tong 1983a, p. 64. Tong, Kin-Woon (1983a). "Shang Musical Instruments: Part One". Asian Music. 14 (2): 17–182. doi:10.2307/833936. JSTOR 833936.
Tong 1983a, p. 111. Tong, Kin-Woon (1983a). "Shang Musical Instruments: Part One". Asian Music. 14 (2): 17–182. doi:10.2307/833936. JSTOR 833936.
Tong 1983b, p. 167. Tong, Kin-Woon (1983b). "Shang Musical Instruments: Part Two". Asian Music. 15 (1): 102–184. doi:10.2307/833918. JSTOR 833918.
Tong 1983b, p. 182. Tong, Kin-Woon (1983b). "Shang Musical Instruments: Part Two". Asian Music. 15 (1): 102–184. doi:10.2307/833918. JSTOR 833918.
Tong 1983b, p. 145. Tong, Kin-Woon (1983b). "Shang Musical Instruments: Part Two". Asian Music. 15 (1): 102–184. doi:10.2307/833918. JSTOR 833918.
Tong 1983a, p. 119. Tong, Kin-Woon (1983a). "Shang Musical Instruments: Part One". Asian Music. 14 (2): 17–182. doi:10.2307/833936. JSTOR 833936.
Tong 1983a, p. 152. Tong, Kin-Woon (1983a). "Shang Musical Instruments: Part One". Asian Music. 14 (2): 17–182. doi:10.2307/833936. JSTOR 833936.
Birrell 1993, p. xix. Birrell, Anne (1993) [1988]. Popular Songs and Ballads of Han China. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv9zcm2j. ISBN 978-0-8248-1548-6. JSTOR j.ctv9zcm2j.
Furniss 2009, p. 23. Furniss, Ingrid (2009). "Unearthing China's Informal Musicians: An Archaeological and Textual Study of the Shang to Tang Periods". Yearbook for Traditional Music. 41. Cambridge University Press: 23–41. doi:10.1017/S0740155800004124. JSTOR 25735477.
Birrell 1993, p. xx. Birrell, Anne (1993) [1988]. Popular Songs and Ballads of Han China. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv9zcm2j. ISBN 978-0-8248-1548-6. JSTOR j.ctv9zcm2j.
Furniss 2009, p. 24. Furniss, Ingrid (2009). "Unearthing China's Informal Musicians: An Archaeological and Textual Study of the Shang to Tang Periods". Yearbook for Traditional Music. 41. Cambridge University Press: 23–41. doi:10.1017/S0740155800004124. JSTOR 25735477.
Waele 1989, pp. 34–35. Waele, Eric De (1989). "Musicians and Musical Instruments on the Rock Reliefs in the Elamite Sanctuary of Kul-e Farah (Izeh)". Iran. 27. Taylor & Francis: 29–38. doi:10.2307/4299814. JSTOR 4299814.
Boyce 1957, pp. 20–21. Boyce, Mary (1957). "The Parthian Gōsān and Iranian Minstrel Tradition". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 89 (1–2). Cambridge University Press: 10–45. doi:10.1017/S0035869X0010735X. JSTOR 25201987. S2CID 161761104.
Lawergren 2001a. Lawergren, Bo (2001a). "Parthian Empire". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.20973. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
Harich-Schneider 1957–1958, pp. 183–185. Harich-Schneider, Eta (1957–1958). "Rōei. The Medieval Court Songs of Japan". Monumenta Nipponica. 13 (3/4): 183–222. doi:10.2307/2383043. JSTOR 2383043.
Wolinski & Borders 2020, "Introduction". Wolinski, Mary; Borders, James (26 February 2020). "Medieval Music". Oxford Bibliographies: Music. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/OBO/9780199757824-0269. ISBN 978-0-19-975782-4. (subscription required)
Levy 2001. Levy, Kenneth (2001). "Byzantine Chant". In Troelsgård, Christian (ed.). Grove Music Online. Revised by Christian Troelsgård. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.04494. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0.
Touliatos 2001. Touliatos, Diane (2001). "Byzantine secular music". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.48192. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
Levy 2001, "10. Syllabic hymn settings: (ii) Kontakion". Levy, Kenneth (2001). "Byzantine Chant". In Troelsgård, Christian (ed.). Grove Music Online. Revised by Christian Troelsgård. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.04494. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0.
Levy 2001, "10. Syllabic hymn settings: (iii) Kanōn". Levy, Kenneth (2001). "Byzantine Chant". In Troelsgård, Christian (ed.). Grove Music Online. Revised by Christian Troelsgård. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.04494. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0.
Follieri, Enrica (2001). "Andrew of Crete". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.00894. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
Touliatos 2001, "3. Genres and composers.". Touliatos, Diane (2001). "Byzantine secular music". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.48192. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
Mellas 2020, pp. 147–148. Mellas, Andrew (2020). Liturgy and the Emotions in Byzantium: Compunction and Hymnody. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108767361. ISBN 978-1-108-76736-1. S2CID 225623021.
Troelsgård, Christian (2001). "Constantine VII Porphyrogennetus". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.06331. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription or UK public library membership required)

edi-info.ir

dl.edi-info.ir

Farhat 2012, "Historic Retrospective". Farhat, Hormoz (2012). "An Introduction to Persian Music" (PDF). Catalogue of the Festival of Oriental Music. Durham: University of Durham. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.

ghostarchive.org

Farhat 2012, "Historic Retrospective". Farhat, Hormoz (2012). "An Introduction to Persian Music" (PDF). Catalogue of the Festival of Oriental Music. Durham: University of Durham. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Killin 2018, "Music archaeology of the Upper Palaeolithic". Killin, Anton (14 February 2018). "The origins of music: Evidence, theory, and prospects". Music & Science. doi:10.1177/2059204317751971. hdl:1885/162771. S2CID 165905083.
Killin 2018, "The Late Pleistocene: Mid/Upper Palaeolithic musicality". Killin, Anton (14 February 2018). "The origins of music: Evidence, theory, and prospects". Music & Science. doi:10.1177/2059204317751971. hdl:1885/162771. S2CID 165905083.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Levitin & Tirovolas 2009, pp. 212–213. Levitin, D. J.; Tirovolas, A. K. (2009). "Current Advances in the Cognitive Neuroscience of Music". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1156 (1): 211–231. Bibcode:2009NYASA1156..211L. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04417.x. PMID 19338510. S2CID 2856561.
Levitin & Tirovolas 2009, p. 213. Levitin, D. J.; Tirovolas, A. K. (2009). "Current Advances in the Cognitive Neuroscience of Music". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1156 (1): 211–231. Bibcode:2009NYASA1156..211L. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04417.x. PMID 19338510. S2CID 2856561.

iranicaonline.org

Lawergren 2009, "i. Third Millennium B.C.E.: (2) Bull lyres in western Iran". Lawergren, Bo (2009). "Music History i. Pre-Islamic Iran". Encyclopædia Iranica. Leiden: Brill Publishers.

jstor.org

As of 1983,^[update] Tong (1983a, p. 79) notes that "several dozen Shang qing have been unearthed in [the 20th century]". From what is known, the common people did not use qing during the Shang dynasty (1600–1046); many qing instruments have decorations akin to the bronzeware and jade items of the Shang elite.^[74] Tong, Kin-Woon (1983a). "Shang Musical Instruments: Part One". Asian Music. 14 (2): 17–182. doi:10.2307/833936. JSTOR 833936.
There may have been an incipient form of the Music Bureau (Yuefu) during the Qin dynasty.^[103] In general, the chronology of the Music Bureau is unclear and extremely contradictory in ancient records. See Birrell (1993, pp. xviii–xx) for further information Birrell, Anne (1993) [1988]. Popular Songs and Ballads of Han China. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv9zcm2j. ISBN 978-0-8248-1548-6. JSTOR j.ctv9zcm2j.
See Birrell (1993, pp. xxi–xxiv) for information on the location and amount of surviving folksongs. Birrell, Anne (1993) [1988]. Popular Songs and Ballads of Han China. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv9zcm2j. ISBN 978-0-8248-1548-6. JSTOR j.ctv9zcm2j.
Nadel 1930. Nadel, Siegfried (October 1930). "The Origins of Music". The Musical Quarterly. 16 (4). Translated by Baker, Theodore. Oxford University Press: 531–546. doi:10.1093/mq/XVI.4.531. JSTOR 738618.
Tong 1983a, p. 23. Tong, Kin-Woon (1983a). "Shang Musical Instruments: Part One". Asian Music. 14 (2): 17–182. doi:10.2307/833936. JSTOR 833936.
Kilmer 1974, pp. 69–70. Kilmer, Anne Draffkorn (1974). "The Cult Song With Music From Ancient Ugarit: Another Interpretation". Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale. 68 (1). Presses Universitaires de France: 69–82. JSTOR 3282429.
Tong 1983a, p. 64. Tong, Kin-Woon (1983a). "Shang Musical Instruments: Part One". Asian Music. 14 (2): 17–182. doi:10.2307/833936. JSTOR 833936.
Tong 1983a, p. 111. Tong, Kin-Woon (1983a). "Shang Musical Instruments: Part One". Asian Music. 14 (2): 17–182. doi:10.2307/833936. JSTOR 833936.
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Touliatos-Banker 1984, p. 80. Touliatos-Banker, Diane (Spring 1984). "Women Composers of Medieval Byzantine Chant". College Music Symposium. 24 (1): 62–80. JSTOR 40374217.
Touliatos-Banker 1984, p. 63. Touliatos-Banker, Diane (Spring 1984). "Women Composers of Medieval Byzantine Chant". College Music Symposium. 24 (1): 62–80. JSTOR 40374217.

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ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Merker, Morley & Zuidema 2015, "Introduction". Merker, Björn; Morley, Iain; Zuidema, Willem (19 March 2015). "Five fundamental constraints on theories of the origins of music". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 370 (1664). Royal Society. doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0095. eISSN 1471-2970. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 4321136. PMID 25646518.

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penn.museum

For an alternate story on the origin of music in Chinese mythology, see Fernald, Helen E. (December 1926). "Ancient Chinese Musical Instruments: As Depicted on Some of the Early Monuments in the Museum". The Museum Journal. XVII (4): 325–371.

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Levitin & Tirovolas 2009, p. 213. Levitin, D. J.; Tirovolas, A. K. (2009). "Current Advances in the Cognitive Neuroscience of Music". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1156 (1): 211–231. Bibcode:2009NYASA1156..211L. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04417.x. PMID 19338510. S2CID 2856561.
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The Haua Fteah cave, Libya; Ilsenhöhle [de], Germany; and Kents Cavern, England each contain an object that has been proposed as a Middle Paleolithic flute, though none have achieved wide scholarly acceptance.^[48]

en.wikipedia.org

As of 1983,^[update] Tong (1983a, p. 79) notes that "several dozen Shang qing have been unearthed in [the 20th century]". From what is known, the common people did not use qing during the Shang dynasty (1600–1046); many qing instruments have decorations akin to the bronzeware and jade items of the Shang elite.^[74] Tong, Kin-Woon (1983a). "Shang Musical Instruments: Part One". Asian Music. 14 (2): 17–182. doi:10.2307/833936. JSTOR 833936.

worldcat.org

Merker, Morley & Zuidema 2015, "Introduction". Merker, Björn; Morley, Iain; Zuidema, Willem (19 March 2015). "Five fundamental constraints on theories of the origins of music". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 370 (1664). Royal Society. doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0095. eISSN 1471-2970. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 4321136. PMID 25646518.
Darwin, Charles (1874) [1871]. The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. London: John Murray. p. 87. OCLC 1239976266.

worldhistory.org

Cartwright, Mark (2017). "Leo VI". World History Encyclopedia. Horsham.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)