History of tattooing (English Wikipedia)

Rees, Owen (1 July 2021). "An ancient stigma - Greek tattoo culture, part 2". Ancient World Magazine. Retrieved 20 March 2025.
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Gilbert, Steve (2000). Tattoo history: A source book (Paperback). New York, NY: Juno Books. ISBN 978-1-890451-06-6. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
Caplan, Jane (2000). "Introduction". In Caplan, Jane (ed.). Written on the body: the tattoo in European and American history. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-05722-4.
DeMello, Margo (2000). Bodies of inscription: A cultural history of the modern tattoo community (Paperback). Durham, NC: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-2467-6.

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Deter-Wolf, Aaron; Robitaille, Benoît; Krutak, Lars; Galliot, Sébastien (February 2016). "The world's oldest tattoos" (PDF). Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 5: 19–24. Bibcode:2016JArSR...5...19D. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.11.007.
Deter-Wolf, Aaron; Robitaille, Benoît; Krutak, Lars; Galliot, Sébastien (February 2016). "The World's Oldest Tattoos" (PDF). Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 5: 19–24. Bibcode:2016JArSR...5...19D. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.11.007. S2CID 162580662.

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The Chicago art exhibition, Freaks & Flash Archived 27 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine, for example, juxtaposed circus sideshow banners depicting tattooed performers like "The Tattooed Lady" alongside art inspired by the tattoo Renaissance of the 1960s and 1970s.

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Amer, Aïda; Laskow, Sarah (13 August 2018). "Tattooing in the Civil War Was a Hedge Against Anonymous Death". Atlas Obscura. Retrieved 5 June 2022.

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Cawley, Lawrence (3 February 2014). "People always say the same thing about tattoos". BBC News Magazine. BBC.
Kelly, Jon (1 October 2013). "Why do people go back for more and more tattoos?". BBC News.

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Ghosh, Pallab (1 March 2018). "'Oldest tattoo' found on 5,000-year-old Egyptian mummies". BBC. Retrieved 8 March 2018.

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Furey, Louise (2017). "Archeological Evidence for Tattooing in Polynesia and Micronesia". In Lars Krutak & Aaron Deter-Wolf (ed.). Ancient Ink: The Archaeology of Tattooing. University of Washington Press. pp. 159–184. ISBN 978-0-295-74284-7.
Julian Baldick (2013). Ancient Religions of the Austronesian World: From Australasia to Taiwan. I.B.Tauris. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-78076-366-8.
Krutak, Lars (13 May 2025). Indigenous Tattoo Traditions: Humanity through Skin and Ink. Princeton University Press. pp. 1–20. ISBN 978-0-691-27117-0.
DeMello, Margo (30 May 2014). Inked: Tattoos and Body Art around the World: [2 volumes]. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. pp. 50–51. ISBN 978-1-61069-076-8.
Bosworth, C. Edmund (2017). An Intrepid Scot: William Lithgow of Lanark's Travels in the Ottoman Lands, North Africa and Central Europe, 1609–21. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-95881-3.
Osterud, Amelia Klem (2009). The tattooed lady: A history (Print ed.). Golden, CO: Speck Press. ISBN 978-1-933108-26-1.
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"Slavery in ancient Rome". Museo Británico. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 26 January 2023. the emperor Constantine's law in AD 316 banning the cruel and dehumanising practice of tattooing runaways' foreheads, a previously common punishment

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Deter Wolf, Aaron; Robitaille, Benoit; Burlot, Aurelien; Riday, Daniel; Jacobsen, Maya Sialuk (13 March 2024). "Chalcolithic Tattooing: Historical and Experimental Evaluation of the Tyrolean Iceman's Body Markings". European Journal of Archaeology. 27 (3): 267–288. doi:10.1017/eaa.2024.5.

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Mena, Adelaide. "Holy tattoo! A 700-year old Christian tradition thrives in Jerusalem". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 9 September 2019.

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El Gahami, Fatima (8 October 2023). "Tattoo artist connects a new generation to North African Indigenous culture". CBC. Retrieved 23 December 2023.

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Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen (2010). "*sau₃ wingbone of flying fox, used in tattooing; tattoo". Austronesian Comparative Dictionary. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Retrieved 8 November 2022.

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Sanz, Arturo SANCHEZ (1 August 2024). "Enlightened Bodies. The Symbology of Tattooing in Ancient Thrace". Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology. 11 (2). doi:10.14795/j.v11i2.988. ISSN 2360-266X.

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Deter-Wolf, Aaron; Robitaille, Benoît; Krutak, Lars; Galliot, Sébastien (February 2016). "The world's oldest tattoos" (PDF). Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 5: 19–24. Bibcode:2016JArSR...5...19D. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.11.007.
Krutak, Lars (31 October 2024). "TATTOOS OF JAPAN Many Islands, Many Tales". Tattoo Traditions of Asia: Ancient and Contemporary Expressions of Identity. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 16–64. doi:10.2307/jj.11498409. ISBN 978-0-8248-9795-6. JSTOR jj.11498409.
Deter-Wolf, Aaron; Robitaille, Benoît; Krutak, Lars; Galliot, Sébastien (February 2016). "The World's Oldest Tattoos" (PDF). Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 5: 19–24. Bibcode:2016JArSR...5...19D. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.11.007. S2CID 162580662.
Gillian Carr (2005). "Woad, tattoing, and identity in later Iron Age and Early Roman Britain". Oxford Journal of Archaeology. 24 (3): 273–292. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0092.2005.00236.x.
Gillreath-Brown, Andrew; Deter-Wolf, Aaron; Adams, Karen R.; Lynch-Holm, Valerie; Fulgham, Samantha; Tushingham, Shannon; Lipe, William D.; Matson, R. G. (1 April 2019). "Redefining the age of tattooing in western North America: A 2000-year-old artifact from Utah". Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 24: 1064–1075. Bibcode:2019JArSR..24.1064G. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.02.015. ISSN 2352-409X.
Smith, George S.; Zimmerman, Michael R. (October 1975). "Tattooing Found on a 1600 Year Old Frozen, Mummified Body from St. Lawrence Island, Alaska". American Antiquity. 40 (4): 433–437. Bibcode:1975AmAnt..40..433S. doi:10.2307/279329. JSTOR 279329. S2CID 162379206.
ChristianGates St-Pierre (2018). "Needles and bodies: A microwear analysis of experimental bone tattooing instruments". Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 20: 881–887. Bibcode:2018JArSR..20..881G. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.10.027.
Deter-Wolf, Aaron; Peres, Tanya M.; Karacic, Steven (June 2021). "Ancient Native American bone tattooing tools and pigments: Evidence from central Tennessee". Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 37 103002. Bibcode:2021JArSR..37j3002D. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.103002.
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Ragragio, Andrea Malaya M.; Paluga, Myfel D. (22 August 2019). "An Ethnography of Pantaron Manobo Tattooing (Pangotoeb): Towards a Heuristic Schema in Understanding Manobo Indigenous Tattoos". Southeast Asian Studies. 8 (2): 259–294. doi:10.20495/seas.8.2_259. S2CID 202261104.
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Jones, C. P. (1987). "Stigma: Tattooing and branding in Graeco-Roman antiquity". Journal of Roman Studies. 77: 139–155. doi:10.2307/300578. JSTOR 300578. S2CID 162719864.
Strachan, Laura M. (2022), Martell, James; Larsen, Erik (eds.), "The Last Generation of Tattooed Bedouin Women in Southern Jordan: When Tradition and Climate Change Collided in Wadi Rum", Tattooed Bodies: Theorizing Body Inscription Across Disciplines and Cultures, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 117–144, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-86566-5_6, ISBN 978-3-030-86566-5
Friedman, Renée; Antoine, Daniel; Talamo, Sahra; Reimer, Paula J.; Taylor, John H.; Wills, Barbara; Mannino, Marcello A. (1 April 2018). "Natural mummies from Predynastic Egypt reveal the world's earliest figural tattoos". Journal of Archaeological Science. 92: 116–125. Bibcode:2018JArSc..92..116F. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2018.02.002. ISSN 0305-4403. S2CID 133803914.
Tassie, Geoffrey J. (2003). "Identifying the practice of tattooing in ancient Egypt and Nubia". Papers from the Institute of Archaeology. 14: 85–101. doi:10.5334/pia.200.
Friedman, Renée; Antoine, Daniel; Talamo, Sahra; Reimer, Paula J.; Taylor, John H.; Wills, Barbara; Mannino, Marcello A. (1 April 2018). "Natural mummies from Predynastic Egypt reveal the world's earliest figural tattoos". Journal of Archaeological Science. 92: 116–125. Bibcode:2018JArSc..92..116F. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2018.02.002. ISSN 0305-4403.
Conard, Nicholas J. (May 2009). "A female figurine from the basal Aurignacian of Hohle Fels Cave in southwestern Germany". Nature. 459 (7244): 248–252. Bibcode:2009Natur.459..248C. doi:10.1038/nature07995. PMID 19444215. S2CID 205216692.
Deter Wolf, Aaron; Robitaille, Benoit; Burlot, Aurelien; Riday, Daniel; Jacobsen, Maya Sialuk (13 March 2024). "Chalcolithic Tattooing: Historical and Experimental Evaluation of the Tyrolean Iceman's Body Markings". European Journal of Archaeology. 27 (3): 267–288. doi:10.1017/eaa.2024.5.
Carr, Gillian (2005). "Woad, Tattooing and Identity in Later Iron Age and Early Roman Britain". Oxford Journal of Archaeology. 24 (3): 273–292. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0092.2005.00236.x.
Sanz, Arturo SANCHEZ (1 August 2024). "Enlightened Bodies. The Symbology of Tattooing in Ancient Thrace". Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology. 11 (2). doi:10.14795/j.v11i2.988. ISSN 2360-266X.
Jones, C. P. (1987). "Stigma: Tattooing and Branding in Graeco-Roman Antiquity". Journal of Roman Studies. 77: 139–155. doi:10.2307/300578. ISSN 0075-4358. JSTOR 300578.
Kyriakou, G.; Kyriakou, A.; Fotas, Th (1 November 2021). "Dermatostiksia (tattooing): An act of stigmatization in ancient Greek culture". Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (in Spanish). 112 (10): 907–909. doi:10.1016/j.adengl.2021.09.004. ISSN 0001-7310.
Kyriakou, G.; Kyriakou, A.; Fotas, Th (1 November 2021). "Dermatostiksia (tattooing): An act of stigmatization in ancient Greek culture". Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (in Spanish). 112 (10): 907–909. doi:10.1016/j.adengl.2021.09.004. ISSN 0001-7310.
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Barnes, Geraldine (2006). "Curiosity, Wonder, and William Dampier's Painted Prince". Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies. 6 (1): 31–50. doi:10.1353/jem.2006.0002. JSTOR 40339561. S2CID 159686056.
Sinclair, A. T. (1908). "Tattooing — Oriental and Gypsy". American Anthropologist. 10 (3): 361–386. doi:10.1525/aa.1908.10.3.02a00010.
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Dawley, Martina Michelle (2020). "Indian Boarding School Tattooing Experiences: Resistance, Power, and Control through Personal Narratives". American Indian Quarterly. 44 (3): 279–301. doi:10.5250/amerindiquar.44.3.0279. ISSN 0095-182X. JSTOR 10.5250/amerindiquar.44.3.0279.
Roberts, DJ. (2012). "Secret Ink: Tattoo's Place in Contemporary American Culture". Journal of American Culture (Print). 35 (2): 153–65. doi:10.1111/j.1542-734x.2012.00804.x. PMID 22737733.
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Dyvik, Synne L; Welland, Julia (7 December 2018). "War Ink: Sense-Making and Curating War through Military Tattoos". International Political Sociology. 12 (4): 346–361. doi:10.1093/ips/oly018.

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Deter-Wolf, Aaron; Robitaille, Benoît; Krutak, Lars; Galliot, Sébastien (February 2016). "The world's oldest tattoos" (PDF). Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 5: 19–24. Bibcode:2016JArSR...5...19D. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.11.007.
Deter-Wolf, Aaron; Robitaille, Benoît; Krutak, Lars; Galliot, Sébastien (February 2016). "The World's Oldest Tattoos" (PDF). Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 5: 19–24. Bibcode:2016JArSR...5...19D. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.11.007. S2CID 162580662.
Gillreath-Brown, Andrew; Deter-Wolf, Aaron; Adams, Karen R.; Lynch-Holm, Valerie; Fulgham, Samantha; Tushingham, Shannon; Lipe, William D.; Matson, R. G. (1 April 2019). "Redefining the age of tattooing in western North America: A 2000-year-old artifact from Utah". Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 24: 1064–1075. Bibcode:2019JArSR..24.1064G. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.02.015. ISSN 2352-409X.
Smith, George S.; Zimmerman, Michael R. (October 1975). "Tattooing Found on a 1600 Year Old Frozen, Mummified Body from St. Lawrence Island, Alaska". American Antiquity. 40 (4): 433–437. Bibcode:1975AmAnt..40..433S. doi:10.2307/279329. JSTOR 279329. S2CID 162379206.
ChristianGates St-Pierre (2018). "Needles and bodies: A microwear analysis of experimental bone tattooing instruments". Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 20: 881–887. Bibcode:2018JArSR..20..881G. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.10.027.
Deter-Wolf, Aaron; Peres, Tanya M.; Karacic, Steven (June 2021). "Ancient Native American bone tattooing tools and pigments: Evidence from central Tennessee". Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 37 103002. Bibcode:2021JArSR..37j3002D. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.103002.
Friedman, Renée; Antoine, Daniel; Talamo, Sahra; Reimer, Paula J.; Taylor, John H.; Wills, Barbara; Mannino, Marcello A. (1 April 2018). "Natural mummies from Predynastic Egypt reveal the world's earliest figural tattoos". Journal of Archaeological Science. 92: 116–125. Bibcode:2018JArSc..92..116F. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2018.02.002. ISSN 0305-4403. S2CID 133803914.
Friedman, Renée; Antoine, Daniel; Talamo, Sahra; Reimer, Paula J.; Taylor, John H.; Wills, Barbara; Mannino, Marcello A. (1 April 2018). "Natural mummies from Predynastic Egypt reveal the world's earliest figural tattoos". Journal of Archaeological Science. 92: 116–125. Bibcode:2018JArSc..92..116F. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2018.02.002. ISSN 0305-4403.
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Ragragio, Andrea Malaya M.; Paluga, Myfel D. (22 August 2019). "An Ethnography of Pantaron Manobo Tattooing (Pangotoeb): Towards a Heuristic Schema in Understanding Manobo Indigenous Tattoos". Southeast Asian Studies. 8 (2): 259–294. doi:10.20495/seas.8.2_259. S2CID 202261104.

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Deter-Wolf, Aaron; Krutak, Lars (2017). "Introduction". In Krutak, Lars; Deter-Wolf, Aaron (eds.). Ancient Ink: The Archaeology of Tattooing. University of Washington Press. pp. 3–8. ISBN 978-0-295-74282-3. JSTOR j.ctvcwnc53.4.
Krutak, Lars (31 October 2024). "TATTOOS OF JAPAN Many Islands, Many Tales". Tattoo Traditions of Asia: Ancient and Contemporary Expressions of Identity. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 16–64. doi:10.2307/jj.11498409. ISBN 978-0-8248-9795-6. JSTOR jj.11498409.
Smith, George S.; Zimmerman, Michael R. (October 1975). "Tattooing Found on a 1600 Year Old Frozen, Mummified Body from St. Lawrence Island, Alaska". American Antiquity. 40 (4): 433–437. Bibcode:1975AmAnt..40..433S. doi:10.2307/279329. JSTOR 279329. S2CID 162379206.
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elitereaders.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

esquiremag.ph (Global: 7,723rd place; English: 4,151st place)

ethnobiology.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

flaginstitute.org (Global: 9,692nd place; English: 6,835th place)

foxnews.com (Global: 152nd place; English: 120th place)

gale.com (Global: 1,435th place; English: 802nd place)

go.gale.com

gmanetwork.com (Global: 824th place; English: 488th place)

handle.net (Global: 102nd place; English: 76th place)

hdl.handle.net

harvard.edu (Global: 18th place; English: 17th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

hathitrust.org (Global: 441st place; English: 311th place)

babel.hathitrust.org

hellenicsociety.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

hohayan.net.tw (Global: low place; English: low place)

citing.hohayan.net.tw

illinoislawreview.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

imogentyler.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

indioink.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

inquirer.net (Global: 437th place; English: 260th place)

newsinfo.inquirer.net

inquisitr.com (Global: 1,934th place; English: 1,238th place)

jst.go.jp (Global: 1,903rd place; English: 2,346th place)

jstage.jst.go.jp

jstor.org (Global: 26th place; English: 20th place)

kcl.ac.uk (Global: 3,833rd place; English: 2,331st place)

kclpure.kcl.ac.uk

larskrutak.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

loewenmensch.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

maori.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

mediaengagement.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

middleeasteye.net (Global: 2,858th place; English: 2,017th place)

mojoey.blogspot.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

mult-kor.hu (Global: 8,724th place; English: low place)

m.mult-kor.hu

nationalarchives.gov.uk (Global: 744th place; English: 547th place)

newarab.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

news.com.au (Global: 294th place; English: 205th place)

newspapers.com (Global: 55th place; English: 36th place)

academia.edu (Global: 121^st place; English: 142^nd place)

africanews.com (Global: 3,550^th place; English: 2,515^th place)

albany.edu (Global: 7,412^th place; English: 4,821^st place)

albawaba.com (Global: 3,528^th place; English: 3,618^th place)

aljazeera.com (Global: 268^th place; English: 215^th place)

anu.edu.au (Global: 942^nd place; English: 597^th place)

archaeology.org (Global: 3,488^th place; English: 2,648^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

archive.today (Global: 14^th place; English: 14^th place)

archives-ouvertes.fr (Global: 1,031^st place; English: 879^th place)

archives.gov (Global: 446^th place; English: 308^th place)

atlasobscura.com (Global: 1,661^st place; English: 975^th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; English: 10^th place)

bbc.com (Global: 20^th place; English: 30^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

britishmuseum.org (Global: 1,505^th place; English: 1,194^th place)

businessinsider.com (Global: 140^th place; English: 115^th place)

buzzfeednews.com (Global: 1,368^th place; English: 793^rd place)

cambridge.org (Global: 305^th place; English: 264^th place)

catholicnewsagency.com (Global: 3,040^th place; English: 1,970^th place)

cbc.ca (Global: 115^th place; English: 82^nd place)

creighton.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,466^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

esquiremag.ph (Global: 7,723^rd place; English: 4,151^st place)

flaginstitute.org (Global: 9,692^nd place; English: 6,835^th place)

foxnews.com (Global: 152^nd place; English: 120^th place)

gale.com (Global: 1,435^th place; English: 802^nd place)

gmanetwork.com (Global: 824^th place; English: 488^th place)

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

hathitrust.org (Global: 441^st place; English: 311^th place)

inquirer.net (Global: 437^th place; English: 260^th place)

inquisitr.com (Global: 1,934^th place; English: 1,238^th place)

jst.go.jp (Global: 1,903^rd place; English: 2,346^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

kcl.ac.uk (Global: 3,833^rd place; English: 2,331^st place)

middleeasteye.net (Global: 2,858^th place; English: 2,017^th place)

mult-kor.hu (Global: 8,724^th place; English: low place)

nationalarchives.gov.uk (Global: 744^th place; English: 547^th place)

news.com.au (Global: 294^th place; English: 205^th place)

newspapers.com (Global: 55^th place; English: 36^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

nsw.gov.au (Global: 640^th place; English: 382^nd place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

oup.com (Global: 485^th place; English: 440^th place)

pdx.edu (Global: 8,132^nd place; English: 5,327^th place)

princeton.edu (Global: 741^st place; English: 577^th place)

qub.ac.uk (Global: 8,565^th place; English: 5,337^th place)

redorbit.com (Global: 7,503^rd place; English: 4,969^th place)

researchgate.net (Global: 120^th place; English: 125^th place)

reuters.com (Global: 49^th place; English: 47^th place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 149^th place; English: 178^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

si.edu (Global: 340^th place; English: 295^th place)

smh.com.au (Global: 132^nd place; English: 96^th place)

snopes.com (Global: 944^th place; English: 678^th place)

thevintagenews.com (Global: 6,262^nd place; English: 4,380^th place)

today.com (Global: 396^th place; English: 242^nd place)

tufts.edu (Global: 155^th place; English: 138^th place)

ucl.ac.uk (Global: 1,306^th place; English: 885^th place)

ucla.edu (Global: 782^nd place; English: 585^th place)

upd.edu.ph (Global: 9,862^nd place; English: 5,784^th place)

vimeo.com (Global: 1,015^th place; English: 717^th place)

washingtonpost.com (Global: 34^th place; English: 27^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

yale.edu (Global: 565^th place; English: 460^th place)