History of tattooing (English Wikipedia)

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The Chicago art exhibition, Freaks & Flash Archived 27 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine, for example, juxtaposed circus sideshow banners depicting tattooed performers like "The Tattooed Lady" alongside art inspired by the tattoo Renaissance of the 1960s and 1970s.

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Ghosh, Pallab (1 March 2018). "'Oldest tattoo' found on 5,000-year-old Egyptian mummies". BBC. Retrieved 8 March 2018.

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"World's earliest figural tattoos discovered on 5,000-year-old mummies - British Museum Blog". British Museum Blog - Explore stories from the Museum. Retrieved 4 August 2022.

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"Slavery in ancient Rome". Museo Británico. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 26 January 2023. the emperor Constantine's law in AD 316 banning the cruel and dehumanising practice of tattooing runaways' foreheads, a previously common punishment

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Deter Wolf, Aaron; Robitaille, Benoit; Burlot, Aurelien; Riday, Daniel; Jacobsen, Maya Sialuk (13 March 2024). "Chalcolithic Tattooing: Historical and Experimental Evaluation of the Tyrolean Iceman's Body Markings". European Journal of Archaeology: 1–22. doi:10.1017/eaa.2024.5.

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Mena, Adelaide. "Holy tattoo! A 700-year old Christian tradition thrives in Jerusalem". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 9 September 2019.

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Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen (2010). "*sau₃ wingbone of flying fox, used in tattooing; tattoo". Austronesian Comparative Dictionary. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Retrieved 8 November 2022.

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Deter-Wolf, Aaron; Robitaille, Benoît; Krutak, Lars; Galliot, Sébastien (February 2016). "The world's oldest tattoos" (PDF). Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 5: 19–24. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.11.007.
Gillian Carr (2005). "Woad, tattoing, and identity in later Iron Age and Early Roman Britain". Oxford Journal of Archaeology. 24 (3): 273–292. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0092.2005.00236.x.
Smith, George S.; Zimmerman, Michael R. (October 1975). "Tattooing Found on a 1600 Year Old Frozen, Mummified Body from St. Lawrence Island, Alaska". American Antiquity. 40 (4): 433–437. doi:10.2307/279329. JSTOR 279329. S2CID 162379206.
ChristianGates St-Pierre (2018). "Needles and bodies: A microwear analysis of experimental bone tattooing instruments". Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 20: 881–887. Bibcode:2018JArSR..20..881G. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.10.027.
Deter-Wolf, Aaron; Peres, Tanya M.; Karacic, Steven (June 2021). "Ancient Native American bone tattooing tools and pigments: Evidence from central Tennessee". Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 37: 103002. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.103002.
Oosten, Jarich; Laugrand, Frédéric (January 2016). "The Bringer of Light: The Raven in Inuit Tradition". Polar Record. 42 (222): 187–204. doi:10.1017/S0032247406005341. S2CID 131055453.
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Clark, Geoffrey; Langley, Michelle C. (2 July 2020). "Ancient Tattooing in Polynesia". The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology. 15 (3): 407–420. doi:10.1080/15564894.2018.1561558. S2CID 135043065.
Ragragio, Andrea Malaya M.; Paluga, Myfel D. (22 August 2019). "An Ethnography of Pantaron Manobo Tattooing (Pangotoeb): Towards a Heuristic Schema in Understanding Manobo Indigenous Tattoos". Southeast Asian Studies. 8 (2): 259–294. doi:10.20495/seas.8.2_259. S2CID 202261104.
Clariza, M. Elena (30 April 2019). "Sacred Texts and Symbols: An Indigenous Filipino Perspective on Reading". The International Journal of Information, Diversity, & Inclusion. 3 (2). doi:10.33137/ijidi.v3i2.32593. S2CID 166544255.
Jones, C. P. (1987). "Stigma: Tattooing and branding in Graeco-Roman antiquity". Journal of Roman Studies. 77: 139–155. doi:10.2307/300578. JSTOR 300578. S2CID 162719864.
Strachan, Laura M. (2022), Martell, James; Larsen, Erik (eds.), "The Last Generation of Tattooed Bedouin Women in Southern Jordan: When Tradition and Climate Change Collided in Wadi Rum", Tattooed Bodies: Theorizing Body Inscription Across Disciplines and Cultures, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 117–144, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-86566-5_6, ISBN 978-3-030-86566-5, retrieved 23 May 2024
Friedman, Renée; Antoine, Daniel; Talamo, Sahra; Reimer, Paula J.; Taylor, John H.; Wills, Barbara; Mannino, Marcello A. (1 April 2018). "Natural mummies from Predynastic Egypt reveal the world's earliest figural tattoos". Journal of Archaeological Science. 92: 116–125. Bibcode:2018JArSc..92..116F. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2018.02.002. ISSN 0305-4403. S2CID 133803914.
Tassie, Geoffrey J. (2003). "Identifying the practice of tattooing in ancient Egypt and Nubia". Papers from the Institute of Archaeology. 14: 85–101. doi:10.5334/pia.200.
Conard, Nicholas J. (May 2009). "A female figurine from the basal Aurignacian of Hohle Fels Cave in southwestern Germany". Nature. 459 (7244): 248–252. Bibcode:2009Natur.459..248C. doi:10.1038/nature07995. PMID 19444215. S2CID 205216692.
Deter Wolf, Aaron; Robitaille, Benoit; Burlot, Aurelien; Riday, Daniel; Jacobsen, Maya Sialuk (13 March 2024). "Chalcolithic Tattooing: Historical and Experimental Evaluation of the Tyrolean Iceman's Body Markings". European Journal of Archaeology: 1–22. doi:10.1017/eaa.2024.5.
Carr, Gillian (2005). "Woad, Tattooing and Identity in Later Iron Age and Early Roman Britain". Oxford Journal of Archaeology. 24 (3): 273–292. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0092.2005.00236.x.
Barnes, Geraldine (2006). "Curiosity, Wonder, and William Dampier's Painted Prince". Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies. 6 (1): 31–50. doi:10.1353/jem.2006.0002. JSTOR 40339561. S2CID 159686056.
Barnes, Geraldine (2006). "Curiosity, Wonder, and William Dampier's Painted Prince". Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies. 6 (1): 31–50. doi:10.1353/jem.2006.0002. JSTOR 40339561. S2CID 159686056.
Sinclair, A. T. (1908). "Tattooing — Oriental and Gypsy". American Anthropologist. 10 (3): 361–386. doi:10.1525/aa.1908.10.3.02a00010.
Fisher, Jill A. (December 2002). "Tattooing the Body, Marking Culture". Body & Society. 8 (4): 91–107. doi:10.1177/1357034X02008004005. S2CID 145369916.
Schildkrout, Enid (2004). "Inscribing the Body". Annual Review of Anthropology. 33: 319–344. doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.33.070203.143947. JSTOR 25064856.
Roberts, DJ. (2012). "Secret Ink: Tattoo's Place in Contemporary American Culture". Journal of American Culture (Print). 35 (2): 153–65. doi:10.1111/j.1542-734x.2012.00804.x. PMID 22737733.
Govenar, Alan B. (March 1982). "The Changing Image of Tattooing in American Culture". Journal of American Culture. 5 (1): 30–37. doi:10.1111/j.1542-734X.1982.0501_30.x.
Brouwer, Daniel C.; Horwitz, Linda Diane (3 July 2015). "The Cultural Politics of Progenic Auschwitz Tattoos: 157622, A-15510, 4559, …". Quarterly Journal of Speech. 101 (3): 534–558. doi:10.1080/00335630.2015.1056748.
Dyvik, Synne L; Welland, Julia (7 December 2018). "War Ink: Sense-Making and Curating War through Military Tattoos". International Political Sociology. 12 (4): 346–361. doi:10.1093/ips/oly018.

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ChristianGates St-Pierre (2018). "Needles and bodies: A microwear analysis of experimental bone tattooing instruments". Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 20: 881–887. Bibcode:2018JArSR..20..881G. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.10.027.
Friedman, Renée; Antoine, Daniel; Talamo, Sahra; Reimer, Paula J.; Taylor, John H.; Wills, Barbara; Mannino, Marcello A. (1 April 2018). "Natural mummies from Predynastic Egypt reveal the world's earliest figural tattoos". Journal of Archaeological Science. 92: 116–125. Bibcode:2018JArSc..92..116F. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2018.02.002. ISSN 0305-4403. S2CID 133803914.
Conard, Nicholas J. (May 2009). "A female figurine from the basal Aurignacian of Hohle Fels Cave in southwestern Germany". Nature. 459 (7244): 248–252. Bibcode:2009Natur.459..248C. doi:10.1038/nature07995. PMID 19444215. S2CID 205216692.

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Ragragio, Andrea Malaya M.; Paluga, Myfel D. (22 August 2019). "An Ethnography of Pantaron Manobo Tattooing (Pangotoeb): Towards a Heuristic Schema in Understanding Manobo Indigenous Tattoos". Southeast Asian Studies. 8 (2): 259–294. doi:10.20495/seas.8.2_259. S2CID 202261104.

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Smith, George S.; Zimmerman, Michael R. (October 1975). "Tattooing Found on a 1600 Year Old Frozen, Mummified Body from St. Lawrence Island, Alaska". American Antiquity. 40 (4): 433–437. doi:10.2307/279329. JSTOR 279329. S2CID 162379206.
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Barnes, Geraldine (2006). "Curiosity, Wonder, and William Dampier's Painted Prince". Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies. 6 (1): 31–50. doi:10.1353/jem.2006.0002. JSTOR 40339561. S2CID 159686056.
Barnes, Geraldine (2006). "Curiosity, Wonder, and William Dampier's Painted Prince". Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies. 6 (1): 31–50. doi:10.1353/jem.2006.0002. JSTOR 40339561. S2CID 159686056.
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A description of three of the men who took part in the Mutiny on the Bounty in 1789 refers to their being tattooed on the left breast, arms and 'backside' with designs such as stars, hearts, 'darts' and, in the case of a Manxman, the triskelion nationalarchives.gov.uk

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Roberts, DJ. (2012). "Secret Ink: Tattoo's Place in Contemporary American Culture". Journal of American Culture (Print). 35 (2): 153–65. doi:10.1111/j.1542-734x.2012.00804.x. PMID 22737733.

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Friedman, Renée; Antoine, Daniel; Talamo, Sahra; Reimer, Paula J.; Taylor, John H.; Wills, Barbara; Mannino, Marcello A. (1 April 2018). "Natural mummies from Predynastic Egypt reveal the world's earliest figural tattoos". Journal of Archaeological Science. 92: 116–125. Bibcode:2018JArSc..92..116F. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2018.02.002. ISSN 0305-4403. S2CID 133803914.

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Robitaille, Benoît (2007). "A Preliminary Typology of Perpendicularly Hafted Bone Tipped Tattooing Instruments: Toward a Technological History of Oceanic Tattooing". In St-Pierre, Christian Gates; Walker, Renee (eds.). Bones as Tools: Current Methods and Interpretations in Worked Bone Studies. Archaeopress. pp. 159–174.

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Smith, George S.; Zimmerman, Michael R. (October 1975). "Tattooing Found on a 1600 Year Old Frozen, Mummified Body from St. Lawrence Island, Alaska". American Antiquity. 40 (4): 433–437. doi:10.2307/279329. JSTOR 279329. S2CID 162379206.
Oosten, Jarich; Laugrand, Frédéric (January 2016). "The Bringer of Light: The Raven in Inuit Tradition". Polar Record. 42 (222): 187–204. doi:10.1017/S0032247406005341. S2CID 131055453.
Blust, Robert (1995). "The prehistory of the Austronesian speaking peoples: a view from language". Journal of World Prehistory. 9 (4): 453–510. doi:10.1007/bf02221119. S2CID 153571840.
Clark, Geoffrey; Langley, Michelle C. (2 July 2020). "Ancient Tattooing in Polynesia". The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology. 15 (3): 407–420. doi:10.1080/15564894.2018.1561558. S2CID 135043065.
Ragragio, Andrea Malaya M.; Paluga, Myfel D. (22 August 2019). "An Ethnography of Pantaron Manobo Tattooing (Pangotoeb): Towards a Heuristic Schema in Understanding Manobo Indigenous Tattoos". Southeast Asian Studies. 8 (2): 259–294. doi:10.20495/seas.8.2_259. S2CID 202261104.
Clariza, M. Elena (30 April 2019). "Sacred Texts and Symbols: An Indigenous Filipino Perspective on Reading". The International Journal of Information, Diversity, & Inclusion. 3 (2). doi:10.33137/ijidi.v3i2.32593. S2CID 166544255.
Jones, C. P. (1987). "Stigma: Tattooing and branding in Graeco-Roman antiquity". Journal of Roman Studies. 77: 139–155. doi:10.2307/300578. JSTOR 300578. S2CID 162719864.
Friedman, Renée; Antoine, Daniel; Talamo, Sahra; Reimer, Paula J.; Taylor, John H.; Wills, Barbara; Mannino, Marcello A. (1 April 2018). "Natural mummies from Predynastic Egypt reveal the world's earliest figural tattoos". Journal of Archaeological Science. 92: 116–125. Bibcode:2018JArSc..92..116F. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2018.02.002. ISSN 0305-4403. S2CID 133803914.
Conard, Nicholas J. (May 2009). "A female figurine from the basal Aurignacian of Hohle Fels Cave in southwestern Germany". Nature. 459 (7244): 248–252. Bibcode:2009Natur.459..248C. doi:10.1038/nature07995. PMID 19444215. S2CID 205216692.
Barnes, Geraldine (2006). "Curiosity, Wonder, and William Dampier's Painted Prince". Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies. 6 (1): 31–50. doi:10.1353/jem.2006.0002. JSTOR 40339561. S2CID 159686056.
Barnes, Geraldine (2006). "Curiosity, Wonder, and William Dampier's Painted Prince". Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies. 6 (1): 31–50. doi:10.1353/jem.2006.0002. JSTOR 40339561. S2CID 159686056.
Fisher, Jill A. (December 2002). "Tattooing the Body, Marking Culture". Body & Society. 8 (4): 91–107. doi:10.1177/1357034X02008004005. S2CID 145369916.

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Thompson, Beverly Yuen (2015). ""I Want to Be Covered": Heavily Tattooed Women Challenge the Dominant Beauty Culture" (PDF). Covered in Ink: Tattoos, Women and the Politics of the Body. New York University Press. pp. 35–64. ISBN 9780814789209.

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Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen. "*patik". Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen. "*beCik". Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition. Retrieved 26 July 2021.

ucl.ac.uk

blogs.ucl.ac.uk

Tattooing in Ancient Egypt Part 2: The Mummy of Amunet by Gemma Angel, on 10 December 2012.

ucla.edu

sscnet.ucla.edu

"The Encyclopedia of World Cultures CD-ROM". Macmillan. 1998. Archived from the original on 13 December 2012. Retrieved 10 July 2015.

upd.edu.ph

journals.upd.edu.ph

Salvador-Amores, Analyn (2012). "The Recontextualization of Burik (Traditional Tattoos) of Kabayan Mummies in Benguet to Contemporary Practices". Humanities Diliman. 9 (1): 74–94.

uscg.mil

"COMMANDANT INSTRUCTION 1000.1B" (PDF). TATTOO, BODY MARKING, BODY PIERCING, AND MUTILATION POLICY. United States Coast Guard. 31 August 2009.

vanishingtattoo.com

Lars Krutak (2005). "The Forgotten Code: Tribal Tattoos of Papua New Guinea". Vanishing Tattoo. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
Lars Krutak (2008). "Tattooing Among Japan's Ainu People". Vanishing Tattoo. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
lars Krutak (2010). "Tattoos of Indochina: Supernatural Mysteries of the Flesh". Vanishing Tattoo. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
Lars Krutak (2010). "Marks of Transformation: Tribal Tattooing in California and the American Southwest". Vanishing Tattoo. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
Lars Krutak (2005). "America's Tattooed Indian Kings". Vanishing Tattoo. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
"A history of Japanese tattooing". vanishingtattoo.com. Retrieved 21 September 2017.

vimeo.com

Arnaquq-Baril, Alethea (2011). "Tunniit: Retracing the Lines of Inuit Tattoos". Cinema Politica. Retrieved 29 September 2018.

washingtonpost.com

"The Reliable Source". The Washington Post.

web.archive.org

"Maori Tattoo". Maori.com. Maori Tourism Limited. Archived from the original on 20 July 2015. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
"Der Löwenmensch". The Ulm Museum (Ulmer Museum). Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
"Slavery in ancient Rome". Museo Británico. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 26 January 2023. the emperor Constantine's law in AD 316 banning the cruel and dehumanising practice of tattooing runaways' foreheads, a previously common punishment
"Sutherland Macdonald". Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2013.
The Chicago art exhibition, Freaks & Flash Archived 27 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine, for example, juxtaposed circus sideshow banners depicting tattooed performers like "The Tattooed Lady" alongside art inspired by the tattoo Renaissance of the 1960s and 1970s.

worldcat.org

Krutak, Lars F.; Deter-Wolf, Aaron (2017). Ancient ink : the archaeology of tattooing. Krutak, Lars F.,, Deter-Wolf, Aaron, 1976–. ISBN 9780295742823. OCLC 1006520865.
Wallace, Antoinette B. (2013). "Native American Tattooing in the Protohistoric Southeast". In Deter-Wolf, Aaron; Diaz-Granados, Carol (eds.). Drawing with Great Needles: Ancient Tattoo Traditions of North America. Austin: University of Texas Press. pp. 1–42. ISBN 9780292749139. OCLC 859154939.
Nowell, C. E. (1962). "Antonio Pigafetta's account". Magellan's Voyage Around the World. Evanston: Northwestern University Press. hdl:2027/mdp.39015008001532. OCLC 347382.
"World Roundup" 2016. Archaeology Magazine. November/December 2016. Page 25.
Friedman, Renée; Antoine, Daniel; Talamo, Sahra; Reimer, Paula J.; Taylor, John H.; Wills, Barbara; Mannino, Marcello A. (1 April 2018). "Natural mummies from Predynastic Egypt reveal the world's earliest figural tattoos". Journal of Archaeological Science. 92: 116–125. Bibcode:2018JArSc..92..116F. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2018.02.002. ISSN 0305-4403. S2CID 133803914.
"LIFE Magazine". Life. 21 December 1936. p. 30. ISSN 0024-3019.

yale.edu

yalebooks.yale.edu

Friedman, Anna Felicity (2015). The world atlas of tattoo (Hardcover). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300210-48-4.