History of the Byzantine Empire (English Wikipedia)

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Laiou & Morisson 2007, pp. 38–42, 47; Wickham 2009, p. 260. Laiou, Angeliki E.; Morisson, Cécile (2007). The Byzantine Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-84978-4. Wickham, Chris (2009). The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe from 400 to 1000. New York: Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-02098-0.
Browning 1992, p. 101. Browning, Robert (1992). The Byzantine Empire. Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press. ISBN 0-8132-0754-1.
Browning 1992, p. 107. Browning, Robert (1992). The Byzantine Empire. Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press. ISBN 0-8132-0754-1.
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Browning 1992, pp. 103–105. Browning, Robert (1992). The Byzantine Empire. Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press. ISBN 0-8132-0754-1.
Browning 1992, pp. 106–107. Browning, Robert (1992). The Byzantine Empire. Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press. ISBN 0-8132-0754-1.
Browning 1992, pp. 112–113. Browning, Robert (1992). The Byzantine Empire. Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press. ISBN 0-8132-0754-1.
Laiou & Morisson 2007, pp. 130–131; Pounds 1979, p. 124. Laiou, Angeliki E.; Morisson, Cécile (2007). The Byzantine Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-84978-4. Pounds, Norman John Greville (1979). An Historical Geography of Europe, 1500–1840. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-22379-2.
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Browning 1992, p. 218. Browning, Robert (1992). The Byzantine Empire. Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press. ISBN 0-8132-0754-1.
Clark 2000, p. 213. Clark, Victoria (2000). Why Angels Fall: A Journey through Orthodox Europe from Byzantium to Kosovo. London: Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-23396-5.

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Treadgold 1997, p. 847. Treadgold, Warren (1997). A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-2630-2.
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Maas 2005, p. 278; Treadgold 1997, p. 187. Maas, Michael, ed. (2005). The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81746-2. Treadgold, Warren (1997). A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-2630-2.
Louth 2005, pp. 113–115; Nystazopoulou-Pelekidou 1970, passim; Treadgold 1997, pp. 231–232. Louth, Andrew (2005). "The Byzantine Empire in the Seventh Century". In Fouracre, Paul (ed.). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 1, c.500–c.700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 289–316. ISBN 978-1-13905393-8. Nystazopoulou-Pelekidou, Maria (1970). Συμβολή εις την χρονολόγησιν των Αβαρικών και Σλαβικών επιδρομών επί Μαυρικίου (582–602) (μετ' επιμέτρου περί των Περσικών πολέμων) [Contribution to the chronology of Avar and Slav raids during the reign of Maurice (582–602), with an excursus about the Persian Wars]. Byzantina Symmeikta (in Greek). 2: 145–206. doi:10.12681/byzsym.649. ISSN 1105-1639. Archived from the original on 27 June 2012. Retrieved 10 March 2012. Treadgold, Warren (1997). A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-2630-2.
Romania was an unofficial popular name of the eastern Roman Empire (used also in the west), but the Latin Emperors have officially used the title "Emperor of Romania" (imperator Romaniae), instead of "Emperor of the Romans" (imperator Romanorum) which was used by the Roman emperors until 1453 (the west reserved this title only to the rulers of the German Holy Roman Empire). Ancient coin collecting ISBN 978-0-87349-515-8

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Louth 2005, pp. 113–115; Nystazopoulou-Pelekidou 1970, passim; Treadgold 1997, pp. 231–232. Louth, Andrew (2005). "The Byzantine Empire in the Seventh Century". In Fouracre, Paul (ed.). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 1, c.500–c.700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 289–316. ISBN 978-1-13905393-8. Nystazopoulou-Pelekidou, Maria (1970). Συμβολή εις την χρονολόγησιν των Αβαρικών και Σλαβικών επιδρομών επί Μαυρικίου (582–602) (μετ' επιμέτρου περί των Περσικών πολέμων) [Contribution to the chronology of Avar and Slav raids during the reign of Maurice (582–602), with an excursus about the Persian Wars]. Byzantina Symmeikta (in Greek). 2: 145–206. doi:10.12681/byzsym.649. ISSN 1105-1639. Archived from the original on 27 June 2012. Retrieved 10 March 2012. Treadgold, Warren (1997). A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-2630-2.

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Louth 2005, pp. 113–115; Nystazopoulou-Pelekidou 1970, passim; Treadgold 1997, pp. 231–232. Louth, Andrew (2005). "The Byzantine Empire in the Seventh Century". In Fouracre, Paul (ed.). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 1, c.500–c.700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 289–316. ISBN 978-1-13905393-8. Nystazopoulou-Pelekidou, Maria (1970). Συμβολή εις την χρονολόγησιν των Αβαρικών και Σλαβικών επιδρομών επί Μαυρικίου (582–602) (μετ' επιμέτρου περί των Περσικών πολέμων) [Contribution to the chronology of Avar and Slav raids during the reign of Maurice (582–602), with an excursus about the Persian Wars]. Byzantina Symmeikta (in Greek). 2: 145–206. doi:10.12681/byzsym.649. ISSN 1105-1639. Archived from the original on 27 June 2012. Retrieved 10 March 2012. Treadgold, Warren (1997). A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-2630-2.
Karlin-Heyer 1967, p. 24. Karlin-Heyer, P. (1967). "When Military Affairs Were in Leo's Hands". Tradition. 23: 15–40. doi:10.1017/S0362152900008722. JSTOR 27830825. S2CID 152098357.

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Komnene 1928, Alexiad, 11.291 Komnene, Anna (1928). "Books X–XIII". The Alexiad (translated by Elizabeth A.S. Dawes). Internet Medieval Sourcebook. Archived from the original on 13 April 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2007.
Komnene 1928, Alexiad, 13.348–13.358; Birkenmeier 2002, p. 46. Komnene, Anna (1928). "Books X–XIII". The Alexiad (translated by Elizabeth A.S. Dawes). Internet Medieval Sourcebook. Archived from the original on 13 April 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2007. Birkenmeier, John W. (2002). The Development of the Komnenian Army: 1081–1180. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 90-04-11710-5.
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* Gibbon (1906), II, "200" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-14. (2.61 MiB)
Gibbon (1906), III, "168" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-14. (2.35 MiB)
Louth 2005, pp. 113–115; Nystazopoulou-Pelekidou 1970, passim; Treadgold 1997, pp. 231–232. Louth, Andrew (2005). "The Byzantine Empire in the Seventh Century". In Fouracre, Paul (ed.). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 1, c.500–c.700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 289–316. ISBN 978-1-13905393-8. Nystazopoulou-Pelekidou, Maria (1970). Συμβολή εις την χρονολόγησιν των Αβαρικών και Σλαβικών επιδρομών επί Μαυρικίου (582–602) (μετ' επιμέτρου περί των Περσικών πολέμων) [Contribution to the chronology of Avar and Slav raids during the reign of Maurice (582–602), with an excursus about the Persian Wars]. Byzantina Symmeikta (in Greek). 2: 145–206. doi:10.12681/byzsym.649. ISSN 1105-1639. Archived from the original on 27 June 2012. Retrieved 10 March 2012. Treadgold, Warren (1997). A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-2630-2.
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"Byzantine Empire". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2002.
* Markham, The Battle of Manzikert Archived 2007-05-13 at the Wayback Machine
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Komnene 1928, Alexiad, 11.291 Komnene, Anna (1928). "Books X–XIII". The Alexiad (translated by Elizabeth A.S. Dawes). Internet Medieval Sourcebook. Archived from the original on 13 April 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2007.
Komnene 1928, Alexiad, 13.348–13.358; Birkenmeier 2002, p. 46. Komnene, Anna (1928). "Books X–XIII". The Alexiad (translated by Elizabeth A.S. Dawes). Internet Medieval Sourcebook. Archived from the original on 13 April 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2007. Birkenmeier, John W. (2002). The Development of the Komnenian Army: 1081–1180. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 90-04-11710-5.
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Louth 2005, pp. 113–115; Nystazopoulou-Pelekidou 1970, passim; Treadgold 1997, pp. 231–232. Louth, Andrew (2005). "The Byzantine Empire in the Seventh Century". In Fouracre, Paul (ed.). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 1, c.500–c.700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 289–316. ISBN 978-1-13905393-8. Nystazopoulou-Pelekidou, Maria (1970). Συμβολή εις την χρονολόγησιν των Αβαρικών και Σλαβικών επιδρομών επί Μαυρικίου (582–602) (μετ' επιμέτρου περί των Περσικών πολέμων) [Contribution to the chronology of Avar and Slav raids during the reign of Maurice (582–602), with an excursus about the Persian Wars]. Byzantina Symmeikta (in Greek). 2: 145–206. doi:10.12681/byzsym.649. ISSN 1105-1639. Archived from the original on 27 June 2012. Retrieved 10 March 2012. Treadgold, Warren (1997). A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-2630-2.