History of the International Phonetic Alphabet (English Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "History of the International Phonetic Alphabet" in English language version.
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- Kelly (1981). Kelly, John (1981). "The 1847 Alphabet: an Episode of Phonotypy". In Asher, R. E.; Henderson, Eugene J. A. (eds.). Towards a History of Phonetics. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 248–264. ISBN 0-85224-374-X.
- Association phonétique internationale (1921), p. 8. Association phonétique internationale (1921). L'Ecriture phonétique internationale : exposé populaire avec application au français et à plusieurs autres langues (2nd ed.).
- Association phonétique internationale (1921), pp. 8–9. Association phonétique internationale (1921). L'Ecriture phonétique internationale : exposé populaire avec application au français et à plusieurs autres langues (2nd ed.).
- Association phonétique internationale (1921), p. 9. Association phonétique internationale (1921). L'Ecriture phonétique internationale : exposé populaire avec application au français et à plusieurs autres langues (2nd ed.).
- Association phonétique internationale (1921), p. 10. Association phonétique internationale (1921). L'Ecriture phonétique internationale : exposé populaire avec application au français et à plusieurs autres langues (2nd ed.).
- Collins & Mees (1998), p. 315. Collins, Beverly; Mees, Inger M. (1998). The Real Professor Higgins: The Life and Career of Daniel Jones. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-015124-3.
doi.org
- In some works the ogonek hook is not attached ◌᪷. Pullum & Ladusaw (1996:253) identified the diacritic as a left half ring ◌̜ "less rounded" diacritic but several references make it clear it is an ogonek. See Whitley 2003, p. 84. Whitley, M. Stanley (2003). "Rhotic representation: problems and proposals". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 23 (1): 81–86. doi:10.1017/S0025100303001166. S2CID 145538124.
- Ball, Howard & Miller (2018). Ball, Martin J.; Howard, Sara J.; Miller, Kirk (2018). "Revisions to the extIPA chart". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 48 (2): 155–164. doi:10.1017/S0025100317000147. S2CID 151863976.
- International Phonetic Association (1949), back endpaper. International Phonetic Association (1949). "The Principles of the International Phonetic Association". Le Maître Phonétique. Troisième série. 27 (91). Supplement. JSTOR i40200179. Reprinted in Journal of the International Phonetic Association 40 (3), December 2010, pp. 299–358, doi:10.1017/S0025100311000089.
- International Phonetic Association (1989a). International Phonetic Association (1989a). "Report on the 1989 Kiel Convention". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 19 (2): 67–80. doi:10.1017/S0025100300003868. JSTOR 44526032. S2CID 249412330.
- Kemp (2006), p. 407. Kemp, Alan (2006). "Phonetic Transcription: History". In Brown, Keith (ed.). Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp. 396–410. doi:10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00015-8. ISBN 978-0-08-044854-1.
- MacMahon (1986), pp. 35, 38 n. 20. MacMahon, Michael K. C. (1986). "The International Phonetic Association: The first 100 years". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 16 (1): 30–38. doi:10.1017/S002510030000308X. S2CID 145576661.
- Esling (2010), p. 681. Esling, John H. (2010). "Phonetic Notation". In Hardcastle, William J.; Laver, John; Gibbon, Fiona E. (eds.). The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 678–702. doi:10.1002/9781444317251.ch18. ISBN 978-1-4051-4590-9.
- Esling (2010), pp. 681–2. Esling, John H. (2010). "Phonetic Notation". In Hardcastle, William J.; Laver, John; Gibbon, Fiona E. (eds.). The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 678–702. doi:10.1002/9781444317251.ch18. ISBN 978-1-4051-4590-9.
- Wells (1975). Wells, John C. (1975). "The Association's alphabet". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 5 (2): 52–58. doi:10.1017/S0025100300001274. S2CID 249411014.
- Breckwoldt (1972), p. 285. Breckwoldt, G. H. (1972). "A Critical Investigation of Click Symbolism" (PDF). In Rigault, André; Charbonneau, René (eds.). Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. The Hague and Paris: Mouton. pp. 281–293. doi:10.1515/9783110814750-017. ISBN 9783110814750.
- International Phonetic Association (1949), p. 14. International Phonetic Association (1949). "The Principles of the International Phonetic Association". Le Maître Phonétique. Troisième série. 27 (91). Supplement. JSTOR i40200179. Reprinted in Journal of the International Phonetic Association 40 (3), December 2010, pp. 299–358, doi:10.1017/S0025100311000089.
- International Phonetic Association (1949), pp. 15–9. International Phonetic Association (1949). "The Principles of the International Phonetic Association". Le Maître Phonétique. Troisième série. 27 (91). Supplement. JSTOR i40200179. Reprinted in Journal of the International Phonetic Association 40 (3), December 2010, pp. 299–358, doi:10.1017/S0025100311000089.
- International Phonetic Association (1949), p. 18. International Phonetic Association (1949). "The Principles of the International Phonetic Association". Le Maître Phonétique. Troisième série. 27 (91). Supplement. JSTOR i40200179. Reprinted in Journal of the International Phonetic Association 40 (3), December 2010, pp. 299–358, doi:10.1017/S0025100311000089.
- Kenyon (1951), pp. 315–7. Kenyon, John S. (1951). "Need of a uniform phonetic alphabet". Quarterly Journal of Speech. 37 (3): 311–320. doi:10.1080/00335635109381671.
- Editors of American Speech (1939). Editors of American Speech (1939). "A Petition". American Speech. 14 (3): 206–208. doi:10.2307/451421. JSTOR 451421.
- Gimson (1973). Gimson, A. C. (1973). "The Association's Alphabet". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 3 (2): 60–61. doi:10.1017/S0025100300000773. S2CID 249408229.
- Wells (1976). Wells, John C. (1976). "The Association's Alphabet". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 6 (1): 2–3. doi:10.1017/S0025100300001420. S2CID 249403800.
- McClure (1972), p. 20. McClure, J. Derrick (1972). "A suggested revision for the Cardinal Vowel system". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 2 (1): 20–25. doi:10.1017/S0025100300000402. S2CID 145752394.
- Ladefoged & Roach (1986). Ladefoged, Peter; Roach, Peter (1986). "Revising the International Phonetic Alphabet: A plan". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 16 (1): 22–29. doi:10.1017/S0025100300003078. S2CID 143609570.
- Ladefoged (1987a). Ladefoged, Peter (1987a). "Updating the Theory". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 17 (1): 10–14. doi:10.1017/S0025100300003170. S2CID 145197852.
- Ladefoged (1987b). Ladefoged, Peter (1987b). "Proposed revision of the International Phonetic Alphabet: A conference". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 17 (1): 34. doi:10.1017/S0025100300003224. S2CID 143715325.
- International Phonetic Association (1989a), p. 69. International Phonetic Association (1989a). "Report on the 1989 Kiel Convention". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 19 (2): 67–80. doi:10.1017/S0025100300003868. JSTOR 44526032. S2CID 249412330.
- International Phonetic Association (1989b). International Phonetic Association (1989b). "The International Phonetic Alphabet (revised to 1989)". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 19 (2). Centerfold. doi:10.1017/S002510030000387X. S2CID 249414249.
- Köhler et al. (1988). Köhler, Oswin; Ladefoged, Peter; Snyman, Jan; Traill, Anthony; Vossen, Rainer (1988). "The symbols for clicks". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 18 (2): 140–142. doi:10.1017/S0025100300003741. S2CID 146319702.
- International Phonetic Association (1989a), pp. 72, 74. International Phonetic Association (1989a). "Report on the 1989 Kiel Convention". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 19 (2): 67–80. doi:10.1017/S0025100300003868. JSTOR 44526032. S2CID 249412330.
- International Phonetic Association (1989a), p. 67. International Phonetic Association (1989a). "Report on the 1989 Kiel Convention". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 19 (2): 67–80. doi:10.1017/S0025100300003868. JSTOR 44526032. S2CID 249412330.
- International Phonetic Association (1989a), p. 68. International Phonetic Association (1989a). "Report on the 1989 Kiel Convention". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 19 (2): 67–80. doi:10.1017/S0025100300003868. JSTOR 44526032. S2CID 249412330.
- Heitner (2003), p. 326 n. 6. Heitner, Reese M. (2003). "Brackets and slashes, stars and dots: understanding the notation of linguistic types". Language Sciences. 25 (4): 319–330. doi:10.1016/S0388-0001(03)00003-2.
- International Phonetic Association (1993a). International Phonetic Association (1993a). "Council actions on revisions of the IPA". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 23 (1): 32–34. doi:10.1017/S002510030000476X. S2CID 249420050.
- International Phonetic Association (1993b). International Phonetic Association (1993b). "The International Phonetic Alphabet (revised to 1993)". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 23 (1). Center pages. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004746. S2CID 242001518. Reprinted in MacMahon (1996), p. 822.
- Esling (1995). Esling, John H. (1995). "News of the IPA". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 25 (1): 48. doi:10.1017/S0025100300000207. S2CID 144622771.
- Catford (1990). Catford, J. C. (1990). "A proposal concerning central vowels". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 20 (2): 26–28. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004230. S2CID 144311902.
- International Phonetic Association (1991). International Phonetic Association (1991). "Errata". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 21 (1). Front matter. doi:10.1017/S0025100300005910.
- Esling (2010), p. 697. Esling, John H. (2010). "Phonetic Notation". In Hardcastle, William J.; Laver, John; Gibbon, Fiona E. (eds.). The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 678–702. doi:10.1002/9781444317251.ch18. ISBN 978-1-4051-4590-9.
- Nicolaidis (2005). Nicolaidis, Katerina (2005). "Approval of new IPA sound: the labiodental flap". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 35 (2): 261. doi:10.1017/S0025100305002227. S2CID 232350099.
- Keating (2012). Keating, Patricia (2012). "IPA Council votes against new IPA symbol". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 42 (2): 245. doi:10.1017/S0025100312000114.
internationalphoneticassociation.org
- International Phonetic Association (2012). International Phonetic Association (1 July 2012). "IPA Chart now under a Creative Commons Licence".
- Keating (2016). Keating, Patricia (20 February 2016). "New versions of IPA chart - 3 different fonts". International Phonetic Association.
- International Phonetic Association (2016). International Phonetic Association (2016). "Full IPA Chart". Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
- Keating (2018). Keating, Patricia (18 May 2018). "2018 IPA charts now posted online". International Phonetic Association.
- Keating (2017). Keating, Patricia (14 June 2017). "IPA Council establishes new committees". International Phonetic Association.
- International Phonetic Association (2020). International Phonetic Association (2020). "IPA charts and sub-charts in four fonts".
jstor.org
- To be precise, the shape of ⟨ǥ⟩ is close to ⟨
⟩ in the 1900, 1904, and 1912 charts, and to ⟨
⟩ in the 1921 chart and Jones (1928). Jones, Daniel (1928). "Das System der Association Phonétique Internationale (Weltlautschriftverein)". In Heepe, Martin (ed.). Lautzeichen und ihre Anwendung in verschiedenen Sprachgebieten. Berlin: Reichsdruckerei. pp. 18–27. Reprinted in Le Maître Phonétique 3, 6 (23), July–September 1928, JSTOR 44704262. Reprinted in Collins & Mees (2003). - Phonetic Teachers' Association (1887a). Phonetic Teachers' Association (1887a). "lernərz kornər" [Learners' corner]. The Phonetic Teacher. 2 (13): 5–8. JSTOR 44706347.
- Phonetic Teachers' Association (1887b). Phonetic Teachers' Association (1887b). "lernərz kornər" [Learners' corner]. The Phonetic Teacher. 2 (19): 46–48. JSTOR 44706366.
- Phonetic Teachers' Association (1888a). Phonetic Teachers' Association (1888a). "aur alfəbits" [Our alphabets]. The Phonetic Teacher. 3 (5): 34–35. JSTOR 44707197.
- Phonetic Teachers' Association (1888b). Phonetic Teachers' Association (1888b). "aur rivàizd ælfəbit" [Our revised alphabet]. The Phonetic Teacher. 3 (7–8): 57–60. JSTOR 44701189.
- International Phonetic Association (1949), back endpaper. International Phonetic Association (1949). "The Principles of the International Phonetic Association". Le Maître Phonétique. Troisième série. 27 (91). Supplement. JSTOR i40200179. Reprinted in Journal of the International Phonetic Association 40 (3), December 2010, pp. 299–358, doi:10.1017/S0025100311000089.
- International Phonetic Association (1989a). International Phonetic Association (1989a). "Report on the 1989 Kiel Convention". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 19 (2): 67–80. doi:10.1017/S0025100300003868. JSTOR 44526032. S2CID 249412330.
- Association phonétique internationale (1900b), p. 7. Association phonétique internationale (1900b). "Exposé des principes de l'Association phonétique internationale". Le Maître Phonétique. 15 (11). Supplement. JSTOR 44749210.
- Association phonétique internationale (1895). Association phonétique internationale (1895). "vɔt syr l alfabɛ" [Votes sur l'alphabet]. Le Maître Phonétique. 10 (1): 16–17. JSTOR 44707535.
- Association phonétique internationale (1900a). Association phonétique internationale (1900a). "akt ɔfisjɛl" [Acte officiel]. Le Maître Phonétique. 15 (2–3): 20. JSTOR 44701257.
- Association phonétique internationale (1931). Association phonétique internationale (1931). "desizjɔ̃ ofisjɛl" [Décisions officielles]. Le Maître Phonétique. Troisième série. 9 (35): 40–42. JSTOR 44704452.
- Association phonétique internationale (1900b), p. 8. Association phonétique internationale (1900b). "Exposé des principes de l'Association phonétique internationale". Le Maître Phonétique. 15 (11). Supplement. JSTOR 44749210.
- Association phonétique internationale (1900b), p. 9. Association phonétique internationale (1900b). "Exposé des principes de l'Association phonétique internationale". Le Maître Phonétique. 15 (11). Supplement. JSTOR 44749210.
- Association phonétique internationale (1904), p. 10. Association phonétique internationale (1904). "Aim and Principles of the International Phonetic Association". Le Maître Phonétique. 19 (11). Supplement. JSTOR 44703664.
- Association phonétique internationale (1904), p. 7. Association phonétique internationale (1904). "Aim and Principles of the International Phonetic Association". Le Maître Phonétique. 19 (11). Supplement. JSTOR 44703664.
- Association phonétique internationale (1904), p. 8. Association phonétique internationale (1904). "Aim and Principles of the International Phonetic Association". Le Maître Phonétique. 19 (11). Supplement. JSTOR 44703664.
- Association phonétique internationale (1904), p. 9. Association phonétique internationale (1904). "Aim and Principles of the International Phonetic Association". Le Maître Phonétique. 19 (11). Supplement. JSTOR 44703664.
- Association phonétique internationale (1904), p. 9, citing Sweet (1902), p. 37. Association phonétique internationale (1904). "Aim and Principles of the International Phonetic Association". Le Maître Phonétique. 19 (11). Supplement. JSTOR 44703664. Sweet, Henry (1902). A Primer of Phonetics (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
- Association phonétique internationale (1905). Association phonétique internationale (1905). "Exposé des principes de l'Association phonétique internationale". Le Maître Phonétique. 20 (6–7). Supplement. JSTOR 44707887.
- Association phonétique internationale (1908). Association phonétique internationale (1908). "Exposé des principes de l'Association phonétique internationale". Le Maître Phonétique. 23 (9–10). Supplement. JSTOR 44707916.
- Association phonétique internationale (1912), p. 10. Association phonétique internationale (1912). "The Principles of the International Phonetic Association". Le Maître Phonétique. 27 (9–10). Supplement. JSTOR 44707964.
- Passy (1909). Passy, Paul (1909). "desizjɔ̃ː dy kɔ̃ːsɛːj" [Décisions du conseil]. Le Maître Phonétique. 24 (5–6): 74–76. JSTOR 44700643.
- Association phonétique internationale (1912), p. 12. Association phonétique internationale (1912). "The Principles of the International Phonetic Association". Le Maître Phonétique. 27 (9–10). Supplement. JSTOR 44707964.
- Association phonétique internationale (1912), p. 13. Association phonétique internationale (1912). "The Principles of the International Phonetic Association". Le Maître Phonétique. 27 (9–10). Supplement. JSTOR 44707964.
- Association phonétique internationale (1928). Association phonétique internationale (1928). "desizjɔ̃ ofisjɛl" [Décisions officielles]. Le Maître Phonétique. Troisième série. 6 (23): 51–53. JSTOR 44704266.
- Jones (1928), p. 26. Jones, Daniel (1928). "Das System der Association Phonétique Internationale (Weltlautschriftverein)". In Heepe, Martin (ed.). Lautzeichen und ihre Anwendung in verschiedenen Sprachgebieten. Berlin: Reichsdruckerei. pp. 18–27. Reprinted in Le Maître Phonétique 3, 6 (23), July–September 1928, JSTOR 44704262. Reprinted in Collins & Mees (2003).
- Jones & Camilli (1933), p. 11. Jones, Daniel; Camilli, Amerindo (1933). "Fondamenti di grafia fonetica secondo il sistema dell'Associazione fonetica internazionale". Le Maître Phonétique. Troisième série. 11 (43). Supplement. JSTOR 44704558. Reprinted in Collins & Mees (2003).
- International Phonetic Association (1949), p. 14. International Phonetic Association (1949). "The Principles of the International Phonetic Association". Le Maître Phonétique. Troisième série. 27 (91). Supplement. JSTOR i40200179. Reprinted in Journal of the International Phonetic Association 40 (3), December 2010, pp. 299–358, doi:10.1017/S0025100311000089.
- Association phonétique internationale (1927). Association phonétique internationale (1927). "desizjɔ̃ dy kɔ̃sɛːj rəlativmɑ̃ o prɔpozisjɔ̃ d la kɔ̃ferɑ̃ːs də *kɔpnag" [Décisions du conseil relativement aux propositions de la conférence de Copenhague]. Le Maître Phonétique. Troisième série. 5 (18): 13–18. JSTOR 44704201.
- Jones (1928), pp. 23, 25–7. Jones, Daniel (1928). "Das System der Association Phonétique Internationale (Weltlautschriftverein)". In Heepe, Martin (ed.). Lautzeichen und ihre Anwendung in verschiedenen Sprachgebieten. Berlin: Reichsdruckerei. pp. 18–27. Reprinted in Le Maître Phonétique 3, 6 (23), July–September 1928, JSTOR 44704262. Reprinted in Collins & Mees (2003).
- Association phonétique internationale (1932). Association phonétique internationale (1932). "The International Phonetic Alphabet (revised to 1932)". Le Maître Phonétique. Troisième série. 10 (37). Supplement. JSTOR 44749172. Reprinted in MacMahon (1996), p. 830.
- Jones (1938). Jones, Daniel (1938). "desizjɔ̃ ofisjɛl" [Décisions officielles]. Le Maître Phonétique. Troisième série. 16 (61): 14–15. JSTOR 44704878.
- Association phonétique internationale (1937). Association phonétique internationale (1937). "desizjɔ̃ ofisjɛl" [Décisions officielles]. Le Maître Phonétique. Troisième série. 15 (52): 56–57. JSTOR 44704932.
- Association phonétique internationale (1938). Association phonétique internationale (1938). "The International Phonetic Alphabet (revised to 1938)". Le Maître Phonétique. Troisième série. 16 (62). Supplement. JSTOR 44748188.
- Association phonétique internationale (1947). Association phonétique internationale (1947). "The International Phonetic Alphabet (revised to 1947)". Le Maître Phonétique. Troisième série. 25 (88). Supplement. JSTOR 44748304. Reprinted in Albright (1958), p. 57.
- Jones (1945). Jones, Daniel (1945). "desizjɔ̃ ofisjɛl" [Décisions officielles]. Le Maître Phonétique. Troisième série. 23 (83): 11–17. JSTOR 44705184.
- Jones (1943). Jones, Daniel (1943). "desizjɔ̃ ofisjɛl" [Décisions officielles]. Le Maître Phonétique. Troisième série. 21 (80): 27–28. JSTOR 44705153.
- International Phonetic Association (1949), pp. 15–9. International Phonetic Association (1949). "The Principles of the International Phonetic Association". Le Maître Phonétique. Troisième série. 27 (91). Supplement. JSTOR i40200179. Reprinted in Journal of the International Phonetic Association 40 (3), December 2010, pp. 299–358, doi:10.1017/S0025100311000089.
- International Phonetic Association (1949), p. 18. International Phonetic Association (1949). "The Principles of the International Phonetic Association". Le Maître Phonétique. Troisième série. 27 (91). Supplement. JSTOR i40200179. Reprinted in Journal of the International Phonetic Association 40 (3), December 2010, pp. 299–358, doi:10.1017/S0025100311000089.
- Jones (1948). Jones, Daniel (1948). "desizjɔ̃ ofisjɛl" [Décisions officielles]. Le Maître Phonétique. Troisième série. 26 (90): 28–31. JSTOR 44705217.
- Association phonétique internationale (1952). Association phonétique internationale (1952). "The International Phonetic Alphabet (revised to 1951)". Le Maître Phonétique. Troisième série. 30 (97). Front matter. JSTOR 44748475. Reprinted in MacMahon (2010), p. 270.
- Gimson (1950). Gimson, A. C. (1950). "desizjɔ̃ ofisjɛl" [Décisions officielles]. Le Maître Phonétique. Troisième série. 28 (94): 40–41. JSTOR 44705333.
- Editors of American Speech (1939). Editors of American Speech (1939). "A Petition". American Speech. 14 (3): 206–208. doi:10.2307/451421. JSTOR 451421.
- International Phonetic Association (1978). International Phonetic Association (1978). "The International Phonetic Alphabet (Revised to 1979)". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 8 (1–2). Supplement. JSTOR 44541414. Reprinted in MacMahon (2010), p. 271.
- International Phonetic Association (1989a), p. 69. International Phonetic Association (1989a). "Report on the 1989 Kiel Convention". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 19 (2): 67–80. doi:10.1017/S0025100300003868. JSTOR 44526032. S2CID 249412330.
- International Phonetic Association (1989a), pp. 72, 74. International Phonetic Association (1989a). "Report on the 1989 Kiel Convention". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 19 (2): 67–80. doi:10.1017/S0025100300003868. JSTOR 44526032. S2CID 249412330.
- International Phonetic Association (1989a), p. 67. International Phonetic Association (1989a). "Report on the 1989 Kiel Convention". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 19 (2): 67–80. doi:10.1017/S0025100300003868. JSTOR 44526032. S2CID 249412330.
- International Phonetic Association (1989a), p. 68. International Phonetic Association (1989a). "Report on the 1989 Kiel Convention". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 19 (2): 67–80. doi:10.1017/S0025100300003868. JSTOR 44526032. S2CID 249412330.
nla.gov.au
- Jespersen & Pedersen (1926). Jespersen, Otto; Pedersen, Holger (1926). Phonetic Transcription and Transliteration: Proposals of the Copenhagen Conference, April 1925. Oxford University Press.
s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com
- Jones (1956), pp. 12–3, 15. Jones, Daniel (1956). Cardinal Vowels Spoken by Daniel Jones: Text of Records with Explanatory Notes by Professor Jones (PDF). London: Linguaphone Institute.
semanticscholar.org
api.semanticscholar.org
- In some works the ogonek hook is not attached ◌᪷. Pullum & Ladusaw (1996:253) identified the diacritic as a left half ring ◌̜ "less rounded" diacritic but several references make it clear it is an ogonek. See Whitley 2003, p. 84. Whitley, M. Stanley (2003). "Rhotic representation: problems and proposals". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 23 (1): 81–86. doi:10.1017/S0025100303001166. S2CID 145538124.
- Ball, Howard & Miller (2018). Ball, Martin J.; Howard, Sara J.; Miller, Kirk (2018). "Revisions to the extIPA chart". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 48 (2): 155–164. doi:10.1017/S0025100317000147. S2CID 151863976.
- International Phonetic Association (1989a). International Phonetic Association (1989a). "Report on the 1989 Kiel Convention". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 19 (2): 67–80. doi:10.1017/S0025100300003868. JSTOR 44526032. S2CID 249412330.
- MacMahon (1986), pp. 35, 38 n. 20. MacMahon, Michael K. C. (1986). "The International Phonetic Association: The first 100 years". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 16 (1): 30–38. doi:10.1017/S002510030000308X. S2CID 145576661.
- Wells (1975). Wells, John C. (1975). "The Association's alphabet". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 5 (2): 52–58. doi:10.1017/S0025100300001274. S2CID 249411014.
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