History of the Jews in Europe (English Wikipedia)

Jared Diamond (1993). "Who are the Jews?" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 21, 2011. Retrieved November 8, 2010. Natural History 102:11 (November 1993): 12–19.

books.google.com

Shriver, Tony N. Frudakis; with a chapter 1 introduction by Mark D. (2008). Molecular photofitting : predicting ancestry and phenotype using DNA. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press. ISBN 978-0120884926.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Gruen, Erich S: The Construct of Identity in Hellenistic Judaism: Essays on Early Jewish Literature and History (2016), p. 284. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
The Jews Under Roman Rule: From Pompey to Diocletian and they lived in most countries in Europe : a Study in Political Relations, p. 131
Davies, William David; Finkelstein, Louis; Horbury, William; Sturdy, John; Katz, Steven T.; Hart, Mitchell Bryan; Michels, Tony; Karp, Jonathan; Sutcliffe, Adam; Chazan, Robert: The Cambridge History of Judaism: The early Roman period, p. 168 (1984), Cambridge University Press
Davies, Norman (1996). Europe: A History, by Norman Davies. Oxford University Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-19-820171-7. Retrieved 23 August 2010.
Grosser, Paul E.; Halperin, Edwin G.; foreword by St. John, Robert; preface by Littell, Franklin H. (1979). Anti-Semitism : the causes and effectos of a prejudice. Secaucus, N.J.: Citadel Press. ISBN 0806507039. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
Nina Rowe, The Jew, the Cathedral and the Medieval City: Synagoga and Ecclesia in the 13th Century Cambridge University Press, 2011 p. 30.
Weinryb, Bernard Dov (1973). The Jews of Poland. Jewish Publication Society. ISBN 978-0827600164. Retrieved 9 November 2013. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
Ridley Haim Herschell. The Voice of Israel, 1845. pg. 27.
Ben-Gavriêl, Moshe Yaacov; Ben-Gavrîʾēl, Moše Yaʿaqov; Wallas, Armin A. (1999). Tagebücher 1915 bis 1927. Böhlau Verlag Wien. pp. 473–. ISBN 978-3-205-99137-3.

britannica.com

Ashkenazi – Definition, Encyclopædia Britannica
Leiman, Sid Z.; Schatz-Uffenheimer, Rivka (February 14, 2024). "Baʿal Shem Ṭov". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved November 1, 2024.

doi.org

Hammer, MF; Redd, AJ; Wood, ET; et al. (June 2000). "Jewish and Middle Eastern non-Jewish populations share a common pool of Y-chromosome biallelic haplotypes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 97 (12): 6769–6774. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.6769H. doi:10.1073/pnas.100115997. PMC 18733. PMID 10801975.
DeWitte, Sharon N. (2014-05-07). "Mortality Risk and Survival in the Aftermath of the Medieval Black Death". PLOS ONE. 9 (5): e96513. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...996513D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096513. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4013036. PMID 24806459.
Grosfeld, Irena; Rodnyansky, Alexander; Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina (August 2013). "Persistent Antimarket Culture: A Legacy of the Pale of Settlement after the Holocaust" (PDF). American Economic Journal: Economic Policy. 5 (3). American Economic Association: 189–226. doi:10.1257/pol.5.3.189. JSTOR 43189345.
Healy, Ann E. (1983). "Tsarist Anti-Semitism and Russian-American Relations". Slavic Review. 42 (3). Cambridge University Press: 408–425. doi:10.2307/2496044. JSTOR 2496044. S2CID 163193494.
Aronson, I. Michael (March 1975). "The Attitudes of Russian Officials in the 1880s Toward Jewish Assimilation and Emigration". Slavic Review. 34 (1). Cambridge University Press: 1–18. doi:10.2307/2495871. JSTOR 2495871.
Lambroza, Shlomo (October 1987). "The Tsarist Government and the Pogroms of 1903-06". Modern Judaism. 7 (3). Oxford University Press: 287–296. doi:10.1093/mj/7.3.287. JSTOR 1396423.
Weinberg, Robert (January 1987). "Workers, Pogroms, and the 1905 Revolution in Odessa". Russian Review. 46 (1). Wiley: 53–75. doi:10.2307/130048. JSTOR 130048.

eurojewcong.org

"European Jewish Congress – Poland". December 11, 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-12-11.

hagshama.org.il

Theodor Herzl: The Jewish State, English translation Archived 2007-10-27 at the Wayback Machine WZO, The Hagshama Department, accessed November 24, 2009.
Theodor Herzl: Altneuland, English translation Archived 2007-10-27 at the Wayback Machine WZO, The Hagshama Department, accessed November 24, 2009.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Hammer, MF; Redd, AJ; Wood, ET; et al. (June 2000). "Jewish and Middle Eastern non-Jewish populations share a common pool of Y-chromosome biallelic haplotypes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 97 (12): 6769–6774. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.6769H. doi:10.1073/pnas.100115997. PMC 18733. PMID 10801975.
DeWitte, Sharon N. (2014-05-07). "Mortality Risk and Survival in the Aftermath of the Medieval Black Death". PLOS ONE. 9 (5): e96513. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...996513D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096513. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4013036. PMID 24806459.

jewishdatabank.org

DellaPergola, Sergio. "World Jewish Population, 2010" (PDF). The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-11-26. Retrieved 4 June 2019.

jewishencyclopedia.com

Jacobs, Joseph and Schulim, Oscher: Rome – Jewish Encyclopedia

jewishgen.org

[1] Jewish Gen – The Given Names Data Base, 2013.

jewishvirtuallibrary.org

"Estimated Number of Jews Killed in the Final Solution".
"Germany: Virtual Jewish History Tour". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 2013-07-19.
The Virtual Jewish History Tour – Poland. Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved on 2010-08-22.

jstor.org

Grosfeld, Irena; Rodnyansky, Alexander; Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina (August 2013). "Persistent Antimarket Culture: A Legacy of the Pale of Settlement after the Holocaust" (PDF). American Economic Journal: Economic Policy. 5 (3). American Economic Association: 189–226. doi:10.1257/pol.5.3.189. JSTOR 43189345.
Healy, Ann E. (1983). "Tsarist Anti-Semitism and Russian-American Relations". Slavic Review. 42 (3). Cambridge University Press: 408–425. doi:10.2307/2496044. JSTOR 2496044. S2CID 163193494.
Aronson, I. Michael (March 1975). "The Attitudes of Russian Officials in the 1880s Toward Jewish Assimilation and Emigration". Slavic Review. 34 (1). Cambridge University Press: 1–18. doi:10.2307/2495871. JSTOR 2495871.
Lambroza, Shlomo (October 1987). "The Tsarist Government and the Pogroms of 1903-06". Modern Judaism. 7 (3). Oxford University Press: 287–296. doi:10.1093/mj/7.3.287. JSTOR 1396423.
Weinberg, Robert (January 1987). "Workers, Pogroms, and the 1905 Revolution in Odessa". Russian Review. 46 (1). Wiley: 53–75. doi:10.2307/130048. JSTOR 130048.

msn.com

encarta.msn.com

Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopaedia 2007. Europe. Archived from the original on 28 October 2009. Retrieved 27 December 2007.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

museenkoeln.de

"ArchĂ¤ologische Zone – JĂźdisches Museum". Museenkoeln.de. Retrieved 2013-07-19.

myjewishlearning.com

Eli Barnavi: The Beginnings of European Jewry. The genesis of Ashkenazi identity Archived 2008-01-03 at the Wayback Machine My Jewish Learning, accessed November 24, 2009.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Hammer, MF; Redd, AJ; Wood, ET; et al. (June 2000). "Jewish and Middle Eastern non-Jewish populations share a common pool of Y-chromosome biallelic haplotypes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 97 (12): 6769–6774. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.6769H. doi:10.1073/pnas.100115997. PMC 18733. PMID 10801975.
DeWitte, Sharon N. (2014-05-07). "Mortality Risk and Survival in the Aftermath of the Medieval Black Death". PLOS ONE. 9 (5): e96513. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...996513D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096513. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4013036. PMID 24806459.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Hammer, MF; Redd, AJ; Wood, ET; et al. (June 2000). "Jewish and Middle Eastern non-Jewish populations share a common pool of Y-chromosome biallelic haplotypes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 97 (12): 6769–6774. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.6769H. doi:10.1073/pnas.100115997. PMC 18733. PMID 10801975.
DeWitte, Sharon N. (2014-05-07). "Mortality Risk and Survival in the Aftermath of the Medieval Black Death". PLOS ONE. 9 (5): e96513. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...996513D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096513. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4013036. PMID 24806459.

nytimes.com

Wade, Nicholas (9 May 2000). "Y Chromosome Bears Witness to Story of the Jewish Diaspora". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 October 2012.

oxfordbibliographies.com

Gellman, Uriel. "Israel Ba'al Shem Tov". Oxford Bibliography. Retrieved November 1, 2024.

pewforum.org

"Jews". Pew Research Center. December 18, 2012.

pewresearch.org

"Europe's Jewish population". 9 February 2015.

phanagoria.info

http://phanagoria.info/upload/iblock/775/Phanagoriya_English_web.pdf Page 16-19

philpapers.org

Elior, Rachel (2006). "The mystical origins of Hasidism". Philpapers. p. 89-93. Retrieved November 1, 2024.

projetaladin.org

"Holocaust | Basic questions about the Holocaust". www.projetaladin.org. Archived from the original on 2019-09-17. Retrieved 2015-04-07.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Healy, Ann E. (1983). "Tsarist Anti-Semitism and Russian-American Relations". Slavic Review. 42 (3). Cambridge University Press: 408–425. doi:10.2307/2496044. JSTOR 2496044. S2CID 163193494.

simpletoremember.com

Grosser, P.E. and E.G. Halperin. "Jewish Persecution – History of AntiSemitism – Lesser Known Highlights of Jewish International Relations In The Common Era". simpletoremember.com. SimpleToRemember.com – Judaism Online. Retrieved 6 February 2015.

stat.gov.lt

db1.stat.gov.lt

"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-10-14. Retrieved 2013-04-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

ujfpittsburgh.org

Why the Jews? Holocaust Center of the United Jewish Federation of Pittsburgh, accessed November 24, 2009.

ushmm.org

encyclopedia.ushmm.org

"Jewish Population of Europe in 1933: Population Data by Country". Holocaust Encyclopaedia. Retrieved 2023-10-04.
Jewish Population of Europe in 1933: Population Data by Country, [in:] Holocaust Encyclopedia

web.archive.org

Jared Diamond (1993). "Who are the Jews?" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 21, 2011. Retrieved November 8, 2010. Natural History 102:11 (November 1993): 12–19.
"Holocaust | Basic questions about the Holocaust". www.projetaladin.org. Archived from the original on 2019-09-17. Retrieved 2015-04-07.
The Kaiseraugst Menorah Ring. Jewish Evidence from the Roman Period in the Northern Provinces Archived 2009-03-06 at the Wayback Machine Augusta Raurica 2005/2, accessed November 24, 2009. (German)
Eli Barnavi: The Beginnings of European Jewry. The genesis of Ashkenazi identity Archived 2008-01-03 at the Wayback Machine My Jewish Learning, accessed November 24, 2009.
Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopaedia 2007. Europe. Archived from the original on 28 October 2009. Retrieved 27 December 2007.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Woodworth, Cherie. "Where Did the East European Jews Come From?" (PDF). Yale University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
"European Jewish Congress – Poland". December 11, 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-12-11.
Theodor Herzl: The Jewish State, English translation Archived 2007-10-27 at the Wayback Machine WZO, The Hagshama Department, accessed November 24, 2009.
Theodor Herzl: Altneuland, English translation Archived 2007-10-27 at the Wayback Machine WZO, The Hagshama Department, accessed November 24, 2009.
First Zionist Congress: Basel 29–31 August 1897^[usurped] The Herzl Museum, Jerusalem, accessed November 24, 2009.
DellaPergola, Sergio. "World Jewish Population, 2010" (PDF). The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-11-26. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-10-14. Retrieved 2013-04-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

DeWitte, Sharon N. (2014-05-07). "Mortality Risk and Survival in the Aftermath of the Medieval Black Death". PLOS ONE. 9 (5): e96513. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...996513D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096513. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4013036. PMID 24806459.

yale.edu

Woodworth, Cherie. "Where Did the East European Jews Come From?" (PDF). Yale University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2013.