History of the Jews in Italy (English Wikipedia)

"Kabbalah and Conversion: Caramuel and Ciantes on Kabbalah as a Means for the Conversion of the Jews", by Yossef Schwartz, in Un'altra modernità. Juan Caramuel Lobkowitz (1606–1682): enciclopedia e probabilismo, eds. Daniele Sabaino and Paolo C. Pissavino (Pisa: Edizioni EPS 2012): 175–187, 176–7, https://www.academia.edu/2353870/Kabbalah_and_Conversion_Caramuel_and_Ciantes_on_Kabbalah_as_a_Means_for_the_Conversion_of_the_Jews Accessed 16 March 2012. See Summa divi Thomae Aquinatis ordinis praedicatorum Contra Gentiles quam Hebraicè eloquitur Iosephus Ciantes Romanus Episcopus Marsicensis ex eodem Ordine assumptus, ex typographia Iacobi Phaei Andreae filii, Romae 1657.

acjna.org

"The Italian Holocaust: The Story of an Assimilated Jewish Community". ACJNA.org. 8 January 2008.

ajcarchives.org

As reported by the American Jewish Yearbook (2007), on a total Italian population of circa 60 million people, which therefore is approx. 0.075%. Greater concentrations are in Rome and Milan. Cf. the demographic statistics by Sergio DellaPergola, published on World Jewish Population Archived 4 August 2019 at the Wayback Machine, American Jewish Committee, 2007.URL accessed 13 March 2013. As data originate from records kept by the various Italian Jewish congregations (which means they register "observant" Jews who have somehow had to go through basic rituals such as the Brit Milah or Bar/Bat Mitzvah etc.). Excluded are therefore "ethnic Jews", lay Jews, atheist/agnostic Jews, et al. – cfr. "Who is a Jew?". If these are added, then the total population would increase, possibly to approx. 45,000 Jews in Italy, not counting recent migrations from North Africa and Eastern Europe.

archive.org

Colletta, John Phillip (2003). Finding Italian Roots: The Complete Guide for Americans. Genealogical Publishing. pp. 146–148. ISBN 0-8063-1741-8.
Joshua D. Zimmerman (27 June 2005). Jews in Italy Under Fascist and Nazi Rule, 1922–1945. Cambridge University Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-521-84101-6.

bh.org.il

dbs.bh.org.il

"The Jewish Community of Rome". The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot.
"The Jews of Italy". The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot. Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 25 June 2018.

books.google.com

Barry L. Stiefel (2016). Jews and the Renaissance of Synagogue Architecture, 1450–1730. Routledge. p. 72. ISBN 9781317320319.
Stanley G. Payne, A History of Fascism, 1914–1945 , University of Wisconsin Press, 1996 pp.239-240.
R. J. B. Bosworth,Mussolini, Bloomsbury Publishing, Rev.ed. 2014 pp.123f.
Baum, David (2011). Hebraic Aspects of the Renaissance: Sources and Encounters. Brill. ISBN 978-9004212558. Retrieved 9 January 2016.
Alessandri, Giuseppe (2020). Il processo Mussolini (in Italian). Gruppo Albatros Il Filo. ISBN 9788830623378.
Masera, Michele (1977). La Chiesa cattolica nella seconda guerra mondiale (in Italian). Landoni. p. 92.
Piers Brendon, The Dark Valley: A Panorama of the 1930s, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2007 pp.552f.
Salvatore Garau, Fascism and Ideology: Italy, Britain, and Norway, Routledge, 2015 pp.122-123.
John Whittam, Fascist Italy, Manchester University Press, 1995 pp.95f.
Michele Sarfatti, Anne C. Tedeschi, The Jews in Mussolini's Italy: From Equality to Persecution, University of Wisconsin Press, 2006 p.13.
David I. Kertzer, The Popes Against the Jews: The Vatican's Role in the Rise of Modern Anti-Semitism, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2007 p.266.
Racial theories in Fascist Italy by Aaron Gilette
Dictating Demography: The Problem of Population in Fascist Italy by Carl Ipsen, pg 187
Benito Mussolini By Jeremy Roberts
Giuseppe Acerbi (2011). Le leggi antiebraiche e razziali italiane ed il ceto dei giuristi. Giuffrè Editore. pp. 33–. ISBN 978-88-14-15571-0. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
Richard S. Levy (1 January 2005). Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution. ABC-CLIO. pp. 585–. ISBN 978-1-85109-439-4. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
Zimmerman, Joshua D. (27 June 2005). Jews in Italy Under Fascist and Nazi Rule, 1922-1945. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521841016. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
Megargee, Geoffrey P.; White, Joseph R. (29 May 2018). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos. Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253023865. Retrieved 21 September 2018.

cambridge.org

Rutgers, Leonard; Bradbury, Scott (2006), Katz, Steven T. (ed.), "The Diaspora, C. 235–638", The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 4: The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period, The Cambridge History of Judaism, vol. 4, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 502–503, doi:10.1017/chol9780521772488.021, ISBN 978-0-521-77248-8, retrieved 7 August 2024

chiesadimilano.it

" È nata all'estero – disse – e serpeggia un po' dovunque una specie di eresia, che non-solamente attenta alla fondamenta soprannaturali della cattolica Chiesa, ma materializza nel sangue umano i concetti spirituali di individuo, di Nazione e di Patria, rinnega all'umanità ogni altro valore spirituale, e costituisce così un pericolo internazionale non-minore di quello dello stesso bolscevismo. È il cosiddetto razzismo ". Chiesadimilano.it, with the collaboration of Annamaria Braccini,Quando il cardinale Schuster denunciò le leggi razziali Archived 5 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine, 19 December 2008, quoting "Un'Eresia Antiromana", L'Italia [it], 15 November 1938, p.1

doi.org

Gregerman, A. (2011): The Lack of Evidence for a Jewish Christian Countermission in Galatia. Studies in Christian-Jewish Relations, 4 (1). doi:10.6017/scjr.v4i1.1513
Rutgers, Leonard; Bradbury, Scott (2006), Katz, Steven T. (ed.), "The Diaspora, C. 235–638", The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 4: The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period, The Cambridge History of Judaism, vol. 4, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 502–503, doi:10.1017/chol9780521772488.021, ISBN 978-0-521-77248-8, retrieved 7 August 2024
Friedman, Jonathan C. (1 September 2007), "The Jewish Communities of Europe on the Eve of World War II", The Routledge History of the Holocaust, Routledge, doi:10.4324/9780203837443.ch1, ISBN 978-0-203-83744-3, retrieved 4 November 2021

ewtn.com

Sergio Pagano, The Catholic Church and Racial Laws, L'Osservatore Romano. Weekly Edition in English, 14 January 2009, p.10

gedenkorte-europa.eu

"Dannecker, Theodor (1913–1945)" (in German). Gedenkorte Europa 1939–1945. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
"Boßhammer, Friedrich (1906–1972)" (in German). Gedenkorte Europa 1939–1945. Retrieved 19 September 2018.

hathitrust.org

babel.hathitrust.org

Philo of Alexandria, with Charles Duke Yonge, trans., The works of Philo Judaeus, the contemporary of Josephus (London, England: Henry G. Bohn, 1855), vol. 4, "A treatise on the virtues and on the office of ambassadors. Addressed to Caius.", p. 134. From p. 134: "How then did he [i.e., the emperor Caligula] look upon the great division of Rome which is on the other side of the river Tiber, which he was well aware was occupied and inhabited by the Jews? And they were mostly Roman citizens, having been emancipated; for, having been brought as captives into Italy, they were manumitted by those who had bought them for slaves, without ever having been compelled to alter any of their heredity or national observances."
Philo of Alexandria, with Charles Duke Yonge, trans., The works of Philo Judaeus, the contemporary of Josephus (London, England: Henry G. Bohn, 1855), vol. 4, "A treatise on the virtues and on the office of ambassadors. Addressed to Caius.", p. 134. From p. 134: "How then did he [i.e., the emperor Caligula] look upon the great division of Rome which is on the other side of the river Tiber, which he was well aware was occupied and inhabited by the Jews? And they were mostly Roman citizens, having been emancipated; for, having been brought as captives into Italy, they were manumitted by those who had bought them for slaves, without ever having been compelled to alter any of their heredity or national observances."

holocaustresearchproject.org

"The Destruction of the Italian Jews The German Occupation of Europe". holocaustresearchproject.org.

jewishencyclopedia.com

Singer, Isidore; Lauterbach, Jacob Zallel; Jelinek, Emil; Waldstein, A.S.; Wiernik, Peter; Seligsohn, M.; Haneman, Frederick T. (1905). "Rapoport". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. Vol. 10. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. pp. 319–323.
Kayserling, Meyer; Deutsch, Gotthard; Seligsohn, M.; Wiernik, Peter; London, N.T.; Schechter, Solomon; Malter, Henry; Rosenthal, Herman; Jacobs, Joseph (1904). "Katzenellenbogen (more correctly Katzenelnbogen, sometimes with the epithet Ashkenazi)". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. pp. 452–456.

jewishvirtuallibrary.org

https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0011_0_10485.html; Suetonius, Divus Iulius, 84 (http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Julius*.html#34)
"Estimated Number of Jews Killed in the Final Solution". jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 3 April 2018.

jewishwebindex.com

"Greece-Italy and the Mediterranean Islands". Jewish Web Index. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012.

jstor.org

MILANO, ATTILIO (1977). "Gli ebrei in Italia nei secoli XI° e XII° (continuazione)". La Rassegna Mensile di Israel. 43 (11/12): 566–637. ISSN 0033-9792. JSTOR 41284397.

myjewishitaly.it

"Prima giudecca di Trani". Retrieved 15 December 2022.

nytimes.com

Wall, Harry D. (24 April 2019). "A New Museum Explores 2,000 Years of Jewish Life in Italy". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 29 April 2019.

scribd.com

Galletti in Vat. Lat. 7900 f. 106; Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, Vol 4, 233, https://www.scribd.com/doc/63478112/Hierarchia-Catholica-Medii-Aevi-V4 Accessed 21 February 2013.

state.gov

"Italy". United States Department of State. Retrieved 7 March 2025.

taylorfrancis.com

Friedman, Jonathan C. (1 September 2007), "The Jewish Communities of Europe on the Eve of World War II", The Routledge History of the Holocaust, Routledge, doi:10.4324/9780203837443.ch1, ISBN 978-0-203-83744-3, retrieved 4 November 2021

tracingthetribe.blogspot.com

Talalay Dardashti, Schelly (20 August 2006). "Tracing the Tribe: At the ICJG: Jews in Italy". Retrieved 19 September 2007.

uchicago.edu

penelope.uchicago.edu

https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0011_0_10485.html; Suetonius, Divus Iulius, 84 (http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Julius*.html#34)

ucsd.edu

weber.ucsd.edu

Hollander, Ethan J (1997). Italian Fascism and the Jews (PDF). University of California. ISBN 0-8039-4648-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 May 2008.

web.archive.org

As reported by the American Jewish Yearbook (2007), on a total Italian population of circa 60 million people, which therefore is approx. 0.075%. Greater concentrations are in Rome and Milan. Cf. the demographic statistics by Sergio DellaPergola, published on World Jewish Population Archived 4 August 2019 at the Wayback Machine, American Jewish Committee, 2007.URL accessed 13 March 2013. As data originate from records kept by the various Italian Jewish congregations (which means they register "observant" Jews who have somehow had to go through basic rituals such as the Brit Milah or Bar/Bat Mitzvah etc.). Excluded are therefore "ethnic Jews", lay Jews, atheist/agnostic Jews, et al. – cfr. "Who is a Jew?". If these are added, then the total population would increase, possibly to approx. 45,000 Jews in Italy, not counting recent migrations from North Africa and Eastern Europe.
"Greece-Italy and the Mediterranean Islands". Jewish Web Index. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012.
Hollander, Ethan J (1997). Italian Fascism and the Jews (PDF). University of California. ISBN 0-8039-4648-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 May 2008.
" È nata all'estero – disse – e serpeggia un po' dovunque una specie di eresia, che non-solamente attenta alla fondamenta soprannaturali della cattolica Chiesa, ma materializza nel sangue umano i concetti spirituali di individuo, di Nazione e di Patria, rinnega all'umanità ogni altro valore spirituale, e costituisce così un pericolo internazionale non-minore di quello dello stesso bolscevismo. È il cosiddetto razzismo ". Chiesadimilano.it, with the collaboration of Annamaria Braccini,Quando il cardinale Schuster denunciò le leggi razziali Archived 5 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine, 19 December 2008, quoting "Un'Eresia Antiromana", L'Italia [it], 15 November 1938, p.1
"The Jews of Italy". The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot. Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 25 June 2018.

wikipedia.org

fr.wikipedia.org

Hubert Wolf, Kenneth Kronenberg, "Pope and Devil: The Vatican's Archives and the Third Reich", Harvard University Press, 2010, p.91; See also fr:Oremus et pro perfidis Judaeis#Les années 1920 et la tentative de réforme des Amici Israel.

it.wikipedia.org

" È nata all'estero – disse – e serpeggia un po' dovunque una specie di eresia, che non-solamente attenta alla fondamenta soprannaturali della cattolica Chiesa, ma materializza nel sangue umano i concetti spirituali di individuo, di Nazione e di Patria, rinnega all'umanità ogni altro valore spirituale, e costituisce così un pericolo internazionale non-minore di quello dello stesso bolscevismo. È il cosiddetto razzismo ". Chiesadimilano.it, with the collaboration of Annamaria Braccini,Quando il cardinale Schuster denunciò le leggi razziali Archived 5 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine, 19 December 2008, quoting "Un'Eresia Antiromana", L'Italia [it], 15 November 1938, p.1

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

MILANO, ATTILIO (1977). "Gli ebrei in Italia nei secoli XI° e XII° (continuazione)". La Rassegna Mensile di Israel. 43 (11/12): 566–637. ISSN 0033-9792. JSTOR 41284397.
Wall, Harry D. (24 April 2019). "A New Museum Explores 2,000 Years of Jewish Life in Italy". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 29 April 2019.