History of the M1 Abrams (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "History of the M1 Abrams" in English language version.

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39archive.org

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about.com

usmilitary.about.com

The Abrams Tank - Next Generation- About.com Archived 2014-05-07 at the Wayback Machine

archive.org

Pretty, R. T.; Archer, D. H. R., eds. (1969). Jane's Weapon Systems 1969–1970 (1st ed.). London: B. P. C. Publishing. pp. 191–192. ISBN 0-354-00516-2.
Kelly 1989, pp. 23–25. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Kelly 1989, pp. 27. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Kelly 1989, pp. 120. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Kelly 1989, pp. 35. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Kelly 1989, pp. 28. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Kelly 1989, pp. 38. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Kelly 1989, pp. 40. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Kelly 1989, pp. 132–133. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Kelly 1989, pp. 90–91. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Kelly 1989, pp. 87–88. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Kelly 1989, pp. 93. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Kelly 1989, pp. 99. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Kelly 1989, pp. 111–140. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Kelly 1989, pp. 138–140. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Kelly 1989, p. 13–43. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Green 1992, pp. 23–25. Green, Michael (1992). M1 Abrams Main Battle Tank: The Combat and Development History of the General Dynamics M1 and M1A1 Tanks. Motorbooks International. ISBN 0-87938-597-9. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
Staats 1977, p. iii. Staats, Elmer B. (28 November 1977). Department Of Defense Consideration Of West Germany's Leopard As The Army's New Main Battle Tank (PDF) (Report). p. i. Retrieved 4 January 2024. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.</ref> Although testing commenced in 1976, the two nations were unable to reconcile their nationalistic differences, so a compromise was made that would have both tanks share common parts.<ref>Foss, Christopher F., ed. (1983). Jane's Armour and Artillery 1983–84 (4th ed.). London: Jane's Publishing Company. ISBN 0-7106-0781-4.
Zaloga & Sarson 1993, p. 3. Zaloga, Steven; Sarson, Peter (1993). M1 Abrams Main Battle Tank 1982–1992. New Vanguard (Book 2). Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-85532-283-8.
Kelly 1989, p. 142. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Kelly 1989, p. 143-147. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Kelly 1989, p. 147. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Kelly 1989, p. 143. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Kelly 1989, p. 149. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Kelly 1989, p. 154-155. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Kelly 1989, p. 155-156. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Kelly 1989, p. 157-158. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Kelly 1989, p. 161-167. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Kelly 1989, p. 168-170. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Zaloga 1985, p. 20-21. Zaloga, Steven J. (1985). Windrow, Martin (ed.). The M1 Abrams Battle Tank. London: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 0-85045-584-7.
Kelly 1989, p. 242-250. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Kelly 1989, p. 249. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Kelly 1989, p. 249-250. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Kelly 1989, p. 149-150. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Kelly 1989, p. 160. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
Kelly 1989, p. 251. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.
"DTIC ADA051050: Initial Firing Test Results of the 35mm Scaled Model of the 105mm M68 Tank Gun: Defense Technical Information Center: Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming". Internet Archive. January 1978.
Thomas R. Mockaitis (2005). The Iraq War Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 234. ISBN 0-674-01280-1.
Kelly 1989, p. 271. Kelly, Orr (1989). King of the Killing Zone. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-425-12304-9.

archive.today

'New Army tank could mean changes for M1A1 fleet' Archived 2012-09-10 at archive.today
New $120 million upgrade program for the U.S. M1 Abrams main battle tank Archived 2014-12-24 at archive.today - Armyrecognition.com, 12 December 2014

army.mil

pica.army.mil

"Tank Munitions Development". Picatinny Arsenal. Archived from the original on 18 June 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.

cgsc.leavenworth.army.mil

Richard M. Swain, Lucky War Archived 2007-01-01 at the Wayback Machine, Third Army in Desert Storm Chapter 7, Desert Storm: Battle Archived 2009-03-26 at the Wayback Machine

www-cgsc.army.mil

Richard M. Swain, Lucky War Archived 2007-01-01 at the Wayback Machine, Third Army in Desert Storm Chapter 7, Desert Storm: Battle Archived 2009-03-26 at the Wayback Machine

history.army.mil

"XVIII Airborne Corps: Desert Storm Chronology", XVIII Airborne Corps Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm: An Annotated Chronology, United States Army Center of Military History, archived from the original on 2019-12-22, retrieved 2010-07-20, The brigade losses were one wounded, one M-2A1 Bradley damaged, and one M-1A1 Abrams lost when secondary explosion of a T-72 set sleeping bags stowed on the M-1 on fire.

army.mil

"Army Announces Plans for M1E3 Abrams Tank modernization". www.army.mil. 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2024-03-19.

armyrecognition.com

New $120 million upgrade program for the U.S. M1 Abrams main battle tank Archived 2014-12-24 at archive.today - Armyrecognition.com, 12 December 2014

armytimes.com

"US Abrams tanks sway the battle in Kirkuk". 19 October 2017.
'Army looking into lighter Abrams tank'

aviationweek.com

McLeary, Paul, Andy Nativi, and David Eshel. "Future of Main Battle Tank Looks Secure" ^{[permanent dead link‍]}. Aviation Week, 4 February 2011.

baltimoresun.com

"Abrams heavy tank proves its mettle in Iraq campaign". Archived from the original on 2019-06-08. Retrieved 2019-06-08.

bloomberg.com

U.S. Weighs Armor, Anti-Sniper Upgrades for Iraq's Army Tanks - Bloomberg.com, 5 January 2015

books.google.com

Greem, Michael (2005). M1 Abrams at War 2005. Zenith Press. p. 99. ISBN 0-7603-2153-1. Archived from the original on 20 September 2017.

defensenews.com

Iraqi Forces Add Russian Guns to US Tanks for ISIL Fight - Defensenews.com, 16 October 2015

defenseone.com

"Saudi Losses in Yemen War Exposed by US Tank Deal". 9 August 2016.

dodbuzz.com

Agency Backs More Abrams for Iraq in ISIS Fight Archived 2014-12-23 at the Wayback Machine - DoDBuzz.com, 22 December 2014
"Military.com: The tank at the end of history". Archived from the original on 2011-04-25. Retrieved 2011-04-22.

forbes.com

Thompson, Loren (2 November 2018). "How President Trump Saved The Last Tank Plant In America". Forbes. Retrieved 30 October 2020.

gao.gov

Staats 1977, p. iii. Staats, Elmer B. (28 November 1977). Department Of Defense Consideration Of West Germany's Leopard As The Army's New Main Battle Tank (PDF) (Report). p. i. Retrieved 4 January 2024. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.</ref> Although testing commenced in 1976, the two nations were unable to reconcile their nationalistic differences, so a compromise was made that would have both tanks share common parts.<ref>Foss, Christopher F., ed. (1983). Jane's Armour and Artillery 1983–84 (4th ed.). London: Jane's Publishing Company. ISBN 0-7106-0781-4.
Wyden, Ron (January 1992). "Operation Desert Storm: Early Performance Assessment of Bradley and Abrams" (PDF). Government Accountability Office. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 April 2019.

archive.gao.gov

GAO/NSIAD-92-94, "Operation Desert Storm: Early performance assessment of Bradleys and Abrams" Archived 14 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine, p. 24. GAO, January 1992. Quote: "... 23 Abrams tanks were destroyed or damaged in the Persian Gulf area. Of the nine Abrams destroyed, seven were due to friendly fire, and two were intentionally destroyed to prevent capture after they became disabled. Other Abrams tanks were damaged by enemy fire, land mines, on-board fires, or to prevent capture after they became disabled."

globalsecurity.org

Abrams Tank Systems, Lessons Learned Operation Iraqi Freedom 2003, globalsecurity.
"Operation Iraqi Freedom: U.S. Casualties June 2006".

google.com

"US to deploy tanks in southern Afghanistan". AFP. 19 November 2010. Archived from the original on November 22, 2010. Retrieved 19 November 2010.

janes.com

- IHS Jane's 360

liveuamap.com

iraq.liveuamap.com

https://iraq.liveuamap.com/en/2017/26-october-first-picture-of-the-destroyed-abrams-tank-in/ ^{[bare URL]}

marinecorpstimes.com

'New Army tank could mean changes for M1A1 fleet' Archived 2012-09-10 at archive.today

military.com

The 'Beast of Hit,' Abrams Tank Plays Role in Iraqi Fight against ISIS - Military.com, 13 April 2016
Congress Again Buys Abrams Tanks the Army Doesn't Want - Military.com, 18 December 2014

nationaldefensemagazine.org

"Over Army Objections, Industry and Congress Partner to Keep Abrams Tank Production 'Hot'" ^{[permanent dead link‍]}. National Defense Magazine, October 2013.

newspapers.com

Turner, Bob (20 December 1971). "Congress Kills Tank Program". The Tampa Tribune. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
Turner, Bob (20 December 1971). "Congress Kills Tank Program". The Tampa Tribune. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
"GD Completes Purchase of Chrysler Tank Division". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. AP. 17 March 1982. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
Grimes, Charlotte (8 March 1981). "M1 Tank Shows Army's Philosophical Change". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved 27 December 2023.

nytimes.com

Beecher, William (21 January 1970). "U.S. and Bonn End 7-Year Joint Effort to Build a Tank". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 August 2018. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
Middleton, Drew (5 March 1972). "Army Tank Designers Seek Simplicity and Reliability". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 August 2018.
"Tank Program Back at Starting Point". The New York Times. 7 April 1972. Retrieved 8 August 2018.
Middleton, Drew (24 April 1973). "Pentagon Approves Plans for Superior Battle Tank for 1980's". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
Finney, John W. (5 July 1973). "Army's Planned New Tank Assailed as too Expensive". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
Middleton, Drew (18 March 1976). "Army Tests Two Tanks as Rivals to a German Entry". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
Finney, John (13 November 1976). "Army Picks Chrysler to Develop New Tank at $4.9 Billion Cost". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
"Chrysler Unit Sold". The New York Times. 17 March 1982. Retrieved 30 April 2017.
Barron, James (29 September 1985). "Army Will Get Tanks Despite Strike, Builder Says". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
"Around the Nation; Union Ratifies Contract At General Dynamics". New York Times. AP. 13 November 2023. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
"A NATION AT WAR; Closing in on Confrontation". The New York Times. 27 March 2003.
Wilson, Michael (April 2003). "A NATION AT WAR: IN THE FIELD | FIRST MARINE DIVISION; Cause of Tank Plunge Under Investigation". The New York Times.

osd.mil

gulflink.osd.mil

"A Company, 3-66 Armor, Abrams (Bumper # A-33)". TAB H -- Friendly-fire Incidents. Archived from the original on 2013-06-01. Retrieved 2009-11-14. At approximately 4:30 AM on 27 February, an anti-tank guided missile (probably fired from a Bradley) struck A-33 in the engine compartment. The crew, uninjured, was evacuating the disabled tank when two DU rounds hit the tank in the left side of the hull and exited through the right side. The tank commander, driver, and gunner sustained injuries from fragments. The loader, who was already outside the tank, was uninjured. A-31 crew members assisted in rescuing A-33's crew.; Sketch depicting the path of a DU 120 mm round through the hull of Abrams C-12 Archived 2009-06-27 at the Wayback Machine, OSD.
OSD 1998-07-29 Archived 2008-04-03 at the Wayback Machine.
DoD damage statement about C-12 Archived 2008-04-03 at the Wayback Machine.
Two official damage assessments acknowledge casualties: D-24 Archived 2008-04-03 at the Wayback Machine, C-66 Archived 2008-04-03 at the Wayback Machine.
TAB H - Friendly-fire Incidents Archived 2013-06-01 at the Wayback Machine: "B Company, 3-66 Armor, Abrams (Bumper # B-66): This was the Bravo Company commander's tank. Three 120mm DU rounds hit B-66 -- one striking just below the turret, killing the gunner."

popularmilitary.com

Lone surviving Iraqi M1 Abrams tank nicknamed "The Beast" is "tearing up ISIS" - Popularmilitary.com, 13 April 2016

saberdefenseusa.com

http://saberdefenseusa.com/images/SABER_RPG_Report2.pdf Archived 2016-04-09 at the Wayback Machine ^{[bare URL PDF]}

strategypage.com

Kornet Clobbers Abrams - Strategypage.com, 26 November 2014

thefreelibrary.com

"The First Chrysler Bail-Out: The M-1 Tank". Washington Monthly. 1987. Archived from the original on 12 November 2019. Retrieved 12 November 2019.

usatoday.com

usatoday30.usatoday.com

Naylor, Sean D. (2003-03-25). "Behind the lines with the 3/7 Cav: Ambushes, confusion, but survival". USA Today. Retrieved 2022-08-27.

usatoday.com

Komarow, Steven. "Tanks adapted for urban fights they once avoided" Archived 22 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine. USA Today, 29 March 2005.

usgovcloudapi.net

mcoecbamcoepwprd01.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net

Ogorkiewicz, Richard M. "Leopard 2AV" (PDF). Armor. 87 (January–February 1978): 13. Retrieved 28 December 2023.

usmcmuseum.org

"Collecting and Restoring the Past for the Future" (PDF). National Museum of the Marine Corps. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 July 2019. Retrieved 2 July 2019.

warisboring.com

"What Destroyed This Abrams Tank?". 25 October 2017.

washingtonpost.com

"U.S. Army Battling To Save Equipment". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 11 October 2014.

web.archive.org

Beecher, William (21 January 1970). "U.S. and Bonn End 7-Year Joint Effort to Build a Tank". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 August 2018. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
"The First Chrysler Bail-Out: The M-1 Tank". Washington Monthly. 1987. Archived from the original on 12 November 2019. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
"Tank Munitions Development". Picatinny Arsenal. Archived from the original on 18 June 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
Wyden, Ron (January 1992). "Operation Desert Storm: Early Performance Assessment of Bradley and Abrams" (PDF). Government Accountability Office. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 April 2019.
"A Company, 3-66 Armor, Abrams (Bumper # A-33)". TAB H -- Friendly-fire Incidents. Archived from the original on 2013-06-01. Retrieved 2009-11-14. At approximately 4:30 AM on 27 February, an anti-tank guided missile (probably fired from a Bradley) struck A-33 in the engine compartment. The crew, uninjured, was evacuating the disabled tank when two DU rounds hit the tank in the left side of the hull and exited through the right side. The tank commander, driver, and gunner sustained injuries from fragments. The loader, who was already outside the tank, was uninjured. A-31 crew members assisted in rescuing A-33's crew.; Sketch depicting the path of a DU 120 mm round through the hull of Abrams C-12 Archived 2009-06-27 at the Wayback Machine, OSD.
OSD 1998-07-29 Archived 2008-04-03 at the Wayback Machine.
DoD damage statement about C-12 Archived 2008-04-03 at the Wayback Machine.
Two official damage assessments acknowledge casualties: D-24 Archived 2008-04-03 at the Wayback Machine, C-66 Archived 2008-04-03 at the Wayback Machine.
GAO/NSIAD-92-94, "Operation Desert Storm: Early performance assessment of Bradleys and Abrams" Archived 14 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine, p. 24. GAO, January 1992. Quote: "... 23 Abrams tanks were destroyed or damaged in the Persian Gulf area. Of the nine Abrams destroyed, seven were due to friendly fire, and two were intentionally destroyed to prevent capture after they became disabled. Other Abrams tanks were damaged by enemy fire, land mines, on-board fires, or to prevent capture after they became disabled."
Richard M. Swain, Lucky War Archived 2007-01-01 at the Wayback Machine, Third Army in Desert Storm Chapter 7, Desert Storm: Battle Archived 2009-03-26 at the Wayback Machine
TAB H - Friendly-fire Incidents Archived 2013-06-01 at the Wayback Machine: "B Company, 3-66 Armor, Abrams (Bumper # B-66): This was the Bravo Company commander's tank. Three 120mm DU rounds hit B-66 -- one striking just below the turret, killing the gunner."
"XVIII Airborne Corps: Desert Storm Chronology", XVIII Airborne Corps Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm: An Annotated Chronology, United States Army Center of Military History, archived from the original on 2019-12-22, retrieved 2010-07-20, The brigade losses were one wounded, one M-2A1 Bradley damaged, and one M-1A1 Abrams lost when secondary explosion of a T-72 set sleeping bags stowed on the M-1 on fire.
"Abrams heavy tank proves its mettle in Iraq campaign". Archived from the original on 2019-06-08. Retrieved 2019-06-08.
http://saberdefenseusa.com/images/SABER_RPG_Report2.pdf Archived 2016-04-09 at the Wayback Machine ^{[bare URL PDF]}
"Technical Intelligence Bulletins May - June 2003". Wlhoward.com. Archived from the original on 2006-08-13. Retrieved 2009-06-09.
Greem, Michael (2005). M1 Abrams at War 2005. Zenith Press. p. 99. ISBN 0-7603-2153-1. Archived from the original on 20 September 2017.
"Collecting and Restoring the Past for the Future" (PDF). National Museum of the Marine Corps. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 July 2019. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
Komarow, Steven. "Tanks adapted for urban fights they once avoided" Archived 22 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine. USA Today, 29 March 2005.
"U.S. Army Battling To Save Equipment". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 11 October 2014.
Agency Backs More Abrams for Iraq in ISIS Fight Archived 2014-12-23 at the Wayback Machine - DoDBuzz.com, 22 December 2014
"US to deploy tanks in southern Afghanistan". AFP. 19 November 2010. Archived from the original on November 22, 2010. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
The Abrams Tank - Next Generation- About.com Archived 2014-05-07 at the Wayback Machine
"Military.com: The tank at the end of history". Archived from the original on 2011-04-25. Retrieved 2011-04-22.

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

U.S. Army (March 1991). After action report for the M1A1 Abrams tank B-23. U.S. Army.

wlhoward.com

"Technical Intelligence Bulletins May - June 2003". Wlhoward.com. Archived from the original on 2006-08-13. Retrieved 2009-06-09.