Hittites (English Wikipedia)

"Hittite | Definition, History, Achievements, & Facts". Encyclopædia Britannica. 1 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
"Anatolian languages". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Archived from the original on 16 March 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
"Telipinus Hittite king". Britannica. 5 May 2017. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017. Retrieved 5 May 2017.

britishmuseum.org

"Hittites". British Museum. London: Trustees of the British Museum. Archived from the original on 7 November 2014. Retrieved 7 November 2014.

cambridge.org

Kloekhorst, Alwin, (2022). "Anatolian", in: Thomas Olander (ed.), The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective, Cambridge University Press, p. 78: "...the Anatolian split may be dated to the period between 4400–4100 BCE. If Proto-Anatolian indeed first broke up into its daughter languages around the thirty-first century BCE...it would mean that it had some 1,300–1000 years to undergo the specific innovations that define Anatolian as a separate branch..."
Kloekhorst, Alwin, (2022). "Anatolian", in: Thomas Olander (ed.), The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective, Cambridge University Press, p. 75: "...a Proto-Hittite ancestor language that may have been spoken only a few generations before the oldest attestations of Kanišite Hittite (twentieth century BCE), i.e. around 2100 BCE..."

comcast.net

home.comcast.net

Siren, Christopher B. "'Hittite/Hurrian Mythology REF 1.2', Myths and Legends". Comcast.net. Archived from the original on 6 July 2004. Retrieved 8 February 2011.

daciajournal.ro

Kelder, Jorrit (2005). "The Chariots of Ahhiyawa" (PDF). Dacia: 65. Retrieved 19 March 2024.

doi.org

Kloekhorst & Waal 2019. Kloekhorst, Alwin; Waal, Willemijn (2019). "A Hittite Scribal Tradition Predating the Tablet Collections of Ḫattuša?". Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie. 109 (2): 189–203. doi:10.1515/za-2019-0014. hdl:1887/3199128. S2CID 208141226.
Kloekhorst 2020. Kloekhorst, Alwin (2020). "The Authorship of the Old Hittite Palace Chronicle (CTH 8): A Case for Anitta". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. 72: 143–155. doi:10.1086/709313. S2CID 224830641.
Jambon, Albert (24 November 2017). "Bronze Age iron: Meteoritic or not? A chemical strategy" (PDF). Journal of Archaeological Science. 88: 47–53. Bibcode:2017JArSc..88...47J. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2017.09.008. S2CID 55644155.
Erimtan, Can (2008). "Hittites, Ottomans and Turks: Ağaoğlu Ahmed Bey and the Kemalist Construction of Turkish Nationhood in Anatolia". Anatolian Studies. 58: 141–171. doi:10.1017/S0066154600008711. JSTOR 20455417. Archived from the original on 22 September 2018.
Hatır, Ergün; Korkanç, Mustafa; Schachner, Andreas; İnce, İsmail (1 September 2021). "The deep learning method applied to the detection and mapping of stone deterioration in open-air sanctuaries of the Hittite period in Anatolia". Journal of Cultural Heritage. 51: 38–39. doi:10.1016/j.culher.2021.07.004. ISSN 1296-2074. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
Parpola 2015, pp. 37–38. Parpola, Asko (2015). The Roots of Hinduism: The Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190226909. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190226909.001.0001
Kloekhorst & Waal 2019, p. 189. Kloekhorst, Alwin; Waal, Willemijn (2019). "A Hittite Scribal Tradition Predating the Tablet Collections of Ḫattuša?". Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie. 109 (2): 189–203. doi:10.1515/za-2019-0014. hdl:1887/3199128. S2CID 208141226.
Trevisanato, S. I. (2007). "The 'Hittite plague', an epidemic of tularemia and the first record of biological warfare". Medical Hypotheses. 69 (6): 1371–1374. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2007.03.012. PMID 17499936.
"The Empire of the Hittites". The Old Testament Student. 4 (1): 32–34. 1 September 1884. doi:10.1086/469493. JSTOR 3156304.
Gorny, Ronald (August–November 1995). "Hittite Imperialism and Anti-Imperial Resistance As Viewed from Alișar Höyük". The Archaeology of Empire in Ancient Anatolia (299/300): 69–70. doi:10.2307/1357346. JSTOR 1357346. S2CID 163346233.
Hawkins, David (February 1986). "Writing in Anatolia: Imported and Indigenous Systems". World Archaeology. 17 (3): 363–376. doi:10.1080/00438243.1986.9979976. JSTOR 124701.
Sayce, A. H. (1905). "The Hittite Inscriptions". The Biblical World. 26 (1): 30–40. doi:10.1086/473607. JSTOR 3140922. S2CID 143295386.
Hoffner, Harry A. (1981). "The Old Hittite Version of Laws 164–166". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. 33 (3/4): 206–209. doi:10.2307/1359903. JSTOR 1359903. S2CID 159932628.

g2rp.com

Roth, Martha. "Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor" (PDF). Writings from the Ancient World Society of Biblical Literature. 6: 213–246. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2018.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Kloekhorst & Waal 2019. Kloekhorst, Alwin; Waal, Willemijn (2019). "A Hittite Scribal Tradition Predating the Tablet Collections of Ḫattuša?". Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie. 109 (2): 189–203. doi:10.1515/za-2019-0014. hdl:1887/3199128. S2CID 208141226.
Kloekhorst & Waal 2019, p. 189. Kloekhorst, Alwin; Waal, Willemijn (2019). "A Hittite Scribal Tradition Predating the Tablet Collections of Ḫattuša?". Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie. 109 (2): 189–203. doi:10.1515/za-2019-0014. hdl:1887/3199128. S2CID 208141226.

harvard.edu

reich.hms.harvard.edu

Lazaridis, Iosif, et al., (2022). "The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe", in: Science, 26 Aug 2022, Vol 377, Issue 6609, [Research Article Summary, p. 1]: "Around 7000-5000 years ago, people with ancestry from the Caucasus [...] moved west into Anatolia [...] Some of these migrants may have spoken ancestral forms of Anatolian [...]"
https://reich.hms.harvard.edu/sites/reich.hms.harvard.edu/files/inline-files/8_25_2022_Manuscript1_ChalcolithicBronzeAge_1.pdf

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Jambon, Albert (24 November 2017). "Bronze Age iron: Meteoritic or not? A chemical strategy" (PDF). Journal of Archaeological Science. 88: 47–53. Bibcode:2017JArSc..88...47J. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2017.09.008. S2CID 55644155.

hathitrust.org

babel.hathitrust.org

Texier, Charles (1835). "Rapport lu, le 15 mai 1835, à l'Académie royale des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres de l'Institut, sur un envoi fait par M. Texier, et contenant les dessins de bas-reliefs découverts par lui près du village de Bogaz-Keui, dans l'Asie mineure" [Report read on 15 May 1835 to the Royal Academy of Inscriptions and Belle-lettres of the Institute, on a dispatch made by Mr. Texier and containing drawings of bas-reliefs discovered by him near the village of Bogaz-Keui in Asia Minor]. Journal des Savants (in French): 368–376. Archived from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2018.

heritageinstitute.com

Eduljee, K.E. (5 May 2017). "Hittites". Heritage Institute. Archived from the original on 5 May 2017. Retrieved 5 May 2017.

jstor.org

Erimtan, Can (2008). "Hittites, Ottomans and Turks: Ağaoğlu Ahmed Bey and the Kemalist Construction of Turkish Nationhood in Anatolia". Anatolian Studies. 58: 141–171. doi:10.1017/S0066154600008711. JSTOR 20455417. Archived from the original on 22 September 2018.
"The Empire of the Hittites". The Old Testament Student. 4 (1): 32–34. 1 September 1884. doi:10.1086/469493. JSTOR 3156304.
Gorny, Ronald (August–November 1995). "Hittite Imperialism and Anti-Imperial Resistance As Viewed from Alișar Höyük". The Archaeology of Empire in Ancient Anatolia (299/300): 69–70. doi:10.2307/1357346. JSTOR 1357346. S2CID 163346233.
Hawkins, David (February 1986). "Writing in Anatolia: Imported and Indigenous Systems". World Archaeology. 17 (3): 363–376. doi:10.1080/00438243.1986.9979976. JSTOR 124701.
Sayce, A. H. (1905). "The Hittite Inscriptions". The Biblical World. 26 (1): 30–40. doi:10.1086/473607. JSTOR 3140922. S2CID 143295386.
Hoffner, Harry A. (1981). "The Old Hittite Version of Laws 164–166". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. 33 (3/4): 206–209. doi:10.2307/1359903. JSTOR 1359903. S2CID 159932628.

leidenuniv.nl

"The peaks and troughs of Hittite". 7 July 2004. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2016.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Trevisanato, S. I. (2007). "The 'Hittite plague', an epidemic of tularemia and the first record of biological warfare". Medical Hypotheses. 69 (6): 1371–1374. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2007.03.012. PMID 17499936.

periclespress.net

"The Hittites – Resources of Ancient Anatolia". Pericles Press. May 2017. Archived from the original on 6 March 2017. Retrieved 5 May 2017.

researchgate.net

Taş, İlknur; Dinler, Veysel (1 January 2015). "Hittite Criminal Law in the Light of Modern Paradigms: Searching for the traces of Modernday Criminal Law in the Past". Aramazd Armenian Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 9: 73–90.

reshafim.org.il

"The peace treaty between Ramses II and Hattusili III". Ancient Egypt: an introduction to the history and culture. December 2006. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 27 January 2013.

sbl-site.org

Beckman, Gary M.; Bryce, Trevor R.; Cline, Eric H. (2012). "Writings from the Ancient World: The Ahhiyawa Texts" (PDF). Writings from the Ancient World. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature: 6. ISSN 1570-7008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 April 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2016. At the very least, perhaps we can say that the Ahhiyawa Problem/Question has been solved and answered after all, for there is now little doubt that Ahhiyawa was a reference by the Hittites to some or all of the Bronze Age Mycenaean world.

sciencedirect.com

Hatır, Ergün; Korkanç, Mustafa; Schachner, Andreas; İnce, İsmail (1 September 2021). "The deep learning method applied to the detection and mapping of stone deterioration in open-air sanctuaries of the Hittite period in Anatolia". Journal of Cultural Heritage. 51: 38–39. doi:10.1016/j.culher.2021.07.004. ISSN 1296-2074. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
Matessi, Alvise, (2021). "The ways of an empire: Continuity and change of route landscapes across the Taurus during the Hittite Period (ca. 1650–1200 BCE)", in: Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, Volume 62, June 2021: "...the Hittite state emerged in Hatti, in the bend of the Kızılırmak, from a mosaic of canton polities occupying North-Central Anatolia during the Middle Bronze Age (MBA; ca. 1900–1650 BCE)."

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Kloekhorst & Waal 2019. Kloekhorst, Alwin; Waal, Willemijn (2019). "A Hittite Scribal Tradition Predating the Tablet Collections of Ḫattuša?". Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie. 109 (2): 189–203. doi:10.1515/za-2019-0014. hdl:1887/3199128. S2CID 208141226.
Kloekhorst 2020. Kloekhorst, Alwin (2020). "The Authorship of the Old Hittite Palace Chronicle (CTH 8): A Case for Anitta". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. 72: 143–155. doi:10.1086/709313. S2CID 224830641.
Jambon, Albert (24 November 2017). "Bronze Age iron: Meteoritic or not? A chemical strategy" (PDF). Journal of Archaeological Science. 88: 47–53. Bibcode:2017JArSc..88...47J. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2017.09.008. S2CID 55644155.
Kloekhorst & Waal 2019, p. 189. Kloekhorst, Alwin; Waal, Willemijn (2019). "A Hittite Scribal Tradition Predating the Tablet Collections of Ḫattuša?". Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie. 109 (2): 189–203. doi:10.1515/za-2019-0014. hdl:1887/3199128. S2CID 208141226.
Gorny, Ronald (August–November 1995). "Hittite Imperialism and Anti-Imperial Resistance As Viewed from Alișar Höyük". The Archaeology of Empire in Ancient Anatolia (299/300): 69–70. doi:10.2307/1357346. JSTOR 1357346. S2CID 163346233.
Sayce, A. H. (1905). "The Hittite Inscriptions". The Biblical World. 26 (1): 30–40. doi:10.1086/473607. JSTOR 3140922. S2CID 143295386.
Hoffner, Harry A. (1981). "The Old Hittite Version of Laws 164–166". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. 33 (3/4): 206–209. doi:10.2307/1359903. JSTOR 1359903. S2CID 159932628.

smie.co

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sorbonne-universite.fr

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Jambon, Albert (24 November 2017). "Bronze Age iron: Meteoritic or not? A chemical strategy" (PDF). Journal of Archaeological Science. 88: 47–53. Bibcode:2017JArSc..88...47J. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2017.09.008. S2CID 55644155.

theguardian.com

"Drought may have doomed ancient Hittite empire, tree study reveals". The Guardian. 8 February 2023. Retrieved 9 February 2023.

ucla.edu

linguistics.ucla.edu

Melchert, p. 7. Melchert, H. Craig. "The position of Anatolian". In Weiss, Michael; Garrett, Andrew (eds.). Handbook of Indo-European studies (PDF). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Listed as "to appear" on his website last updated on 29 May 2020.

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"Rediscovery of the Hittites". www.hethport.uni-wuerzburg.de. Retrieved 28 March 2022.

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Kloekhorst, Alwin, and Willemijn Waal, (2019). "A Hittite scribal tradition predating the tablet collections of Ḫattuša?: The origin of the 'cushion-shaped' tablets KBo 3.22, KBo 17.21+, KBo 22.1, and KBo 22.2.", in: Zeitschrift Für Assyriologie Und Vorderasiatische Archäologie, 109(2), p. 190: "...Three of the four documents that have this peculiar 'cushion-shape' are generally regarded as showing Old Script (OS): KBo 3.22, KBo 17.21+, and KBo 22.1..."

utexas.edu

Lehmann, Winfred P.; Slocum, Jonathan. "Hittite Online". Linguistics Research Center. University of Texas at Austin: College of Liberal Arts. Archived from the original on 12 April 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2010.

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Texier, Charles (1835). "Rapport lu, le 15 mai 1835, à l'Académie royale des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres de l'Institut, sur un envoi fait par M. Texier, et contenant les dessins de bas-reliefs découverts par lui près du village de Bogaz-Keui, dans l'Asie mineure" [Report read on 15 May 1835 to the Royal Academy of Inscriptions and Belle-lettres of the Institute, on a dispatch made by Mr. Texier and containing drawings of bas-reliefs discovered by him near the village of Bogaz-Keui in Asia Minor]. Journal des Savants (in French): 368–376. Archived from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
"Anatolian languages". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Archived from the original on 16 March 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
Lehmann, Winfred P.; Slocum, Jonathan. "Hittite Online". Linguistics Research Center. University of Texas at Austin: College of Liberal Arts. Archived from the original on 12 April 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2010.
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"The peace treaty between Ramses II and Hattusili III". Ancient Egypt: an introduction to the history and culture. December 2006. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
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Eduljee, K.E. (5 May 2017). "Hittites". Heritage Institute. Archived from the original on 5 May 2017. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
Siren, Christopher B. "'Hittite/Hurrian Mythology REF 1.2', Myths and Legends". Comcast.net. Archived from the original on 6 July 2004. Retrieved 8 February 2011.
Roth, Martha. "Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor" (PDF). Writings from the Ancient World Society of Biblical Literature. 6: 213–246. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
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Hatır, Ergün; Korkanç, Mustafa; Schachner, Andreas; İnce, İsmail (1 September 2021). "The deep learning method applied to the detection and mapping of stone deterioration in open-air sanctuaries of the Hittite period in Anatolia". Journal of Cultural Heritage. 51: 38–39. doi:10.1016/j.culher.2021.07.004. ISSN 1296-2074. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
Beckman, Gary M.; Bryce, Trevor R.; Cline, Eric H. (2012). "Writings from the Ancient World: The Ahhiyawa Texts" (PDF). Writings from the Ancient World. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature: 6. ISSN 1570-7008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 April 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2016. At the very least, perhaps we can say that the Ahhiyawa Problem/Question has been solved and answered after all, for there is now little doubt that Ahhiyawa was a reference by the Hittites to some or all of the Bronze Age Mycenaean world.
Coogan, Michael David (2013). A reader of ancient Near Eastern texts : sources for the study of the Old Testament. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195324921. OCLC 796081940.

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"Sea Peoples". Ancient History Encyclopedia. September 2009. Archived 18 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine
Mark, Joshua (28 April 2011). "The Hittites". World History Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2017.

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zenodo.org

Kroonen, Guus, et al., (2018). "Linguistic supplement to Damgaard et al. 2018: Early Indo-European languages, Anatolian, Tocharian and Indo-Iranian", in Zenodo 2018, p. 3: "...The Anatolian branch is an extinct subclade of the Indo-European language family attested from the 25th century BCE onwards (see below) that consists of Hittite (known 20th–12th centuries BCE), Luwian (known 20th–7th centuries BCE), and a number of less well-attested members, such as Carian, Lycian, Lydian, and Palai..."
Sayce, A. H. (1905). "The Hittite Inscriptions". The Biblical World. 26 (1): 30–40. doi:10.1086/473607. JSTOR 3140922. S2CID 143295386.