Ho Chi Minh (English Wikipedia)

"Vietnam Declaration of Independence". Coombs.anu.edu.au. 2 September 1945. Archived from the original on 6 October 2009. Retrieved 26 September 2009.

archive.org

Logevall 2012, p. 610. Logevall, Fredrik (2012). Embers of War: The fall of an Empire and the making of America's Vietnam. Random House. ISBN 978-0-679-64519-1.
Logevall 2012, p. 604. Logevall, Fredrik (2012). Embers of War: The fall of an Empire and the making of America's Vietnam. Random House. ISBN 978-0-679-64519-1.
Logevall 2012, p. 603. Logevall, Fredrik (2012). Embers of War: The fall of an Empire and the making of America's Vietnam. Random House. ISBN 978-0-679-64519-1.
Duiker 2000, p. 561. —————— (2000). Ho Chi Minh: A Life. Hyperion Books. ISBN 978-0786887019. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2021.

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Ngo, Tam T. T. (2018). "The Uncle Hồ religion in Vietnam". In Dean, Kenneth; van der Veer, Peter (eds.). The Secular in South, East, and Southeast Asia. Springer. p. 219. ISBN 978-3-319-89369-3.
Tucker 1999, p. 42. Tucker, Spencer C. (1999). Vietnam. UCL Press. ISBN 978-1857289220.
Quinn-Judge 2002, p. 20. Quinn-Judge, Sophie (2002). Ho Chi Minh: The Missing Years 1919–1941. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520235335.
Debolt, Abbe A; Baugess, James S (2011). Encyclopedia of the Sixties: A Decade of Culture and Counterculture [2 volumes]: A Decade of Culture and Counterculture. Abc-Clio. ISBN 978-1440801020.
Duiker 2012, p. 42. —————— (2012). Ho Chi Minh: A Life. Hachette Books. ISBN 978-1401305611.
Quinn-Judge 2002, p. 25. Quinn-Judge, Sophie (2002). Ho Chi Minh: The Missing Years 1919–1941. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520235335.
Brocheux 2007, p. 11. Brocheux, Pierre (2007). Ho Chi Minh: A Biography. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-85062-9.
Brocheux 2007, p. 21. Brocheux, Pierre (2007). Ho Chi Minh: A Biography. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-85062-9.
Tôn Thất Thiện 1990, pp. 23–24. Tôn Thất Thiện (1990). Ho Chi Minh and the Comintern. Singapore: Information and Resource Center. ISBN 978-9810021399.
Brocheux 2007, p. 39. Brocheux, Pierre (2007). Ho Chi Minh: A Biography. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-85062-9.
Davidson, Phillip B., Vietnam at War: The History: 1946–1975 (1991), p. 4.
Hoàng Văn Chí. From Colonialism to Communism (1964), p. 18.
Brocheux 2007, p. 44 and xiii. Brocheux, Pierre (2007). Ho Chi Minh: A Biography. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-85062-9.
Brocheux 2007, pp. 57–58. Brocheux, Pierre (2007). Ho Chi Minh: A Biography. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-85062-9.
Tôn Thất Thiện 1990. Tôn Thất Thiện (1990). Ho Chi Minh and the Comintern. Singapore: Information and Resource Center. ISBN 978-9810021399.
Tôn Thất Thiện 1990, p. 39. Tôn Thất Thiện (1990). Ho Chi Minh and the Comintern. Singapore: Information and Resource Center. ISBN 978-9810021399.
Brocheux 2007, p. 198. Brocheux, Pierre (2007). Ho Chi Minh: A Biography. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-85062-9.
Karnow 1983. Karnow, Stanley (1983). Vietnam: A History. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0712600101.
Dommen 2001, pp. 153–154. Dommen, Arthur J. (2001). The Indochinese Experience of the French and the Americans. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0253338549.
Fall 1967, p. 88. Fall, Bernard. B (1967). Last Reflections on a War. Doubleday. ISBN 978-0805203295.
Dommen 2001, p. 252. Dommen, Arthur J. (2001). The Indochinese Experience of the French and the Americans. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0253338549.
Valentino 2005, p. 83. Valentino, Benjamin (2005). Final Solutions: Mass Killing and Genocide in the 20th Century. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0801472732.
Jacobs 2006, pp. 43–53. Jacobs, Seth (2006). Cold War Mandarin: Ngo Dinh Diem and the Origins of America's War in Vietnam, 1950–1963. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0742573956.
Vu 2010, p. 103. "Clearly Vietnamese socialism followed a moderate path relative to China. ... Yet the Vietnamese 'land reform' campaign ... testified that Vietnamese communists could be as radical and murderous as their comrades elsewhere". Vu, Tuong (2010). Paths to Development in Asia: South Korea, Vietnam, China, and Indonesia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1139489010.
Ang 2002, pp. 55–58, 76. Ang, Cheng Guan (2002). The Vietnam War from the Other Side. RoutledgeCurzon. pp. 55–58, 76. ISBN 978-0-7007-1615-9.
Ang 2002, p. 21. Ang, Cheng Guan (2002). The Vietnam War from the Other Side. RoutledgeCurzon. pp. 55–58, 76. ISBN 978-0-7007-1615-9.
Langguth 2000, p. 550. Langguth, A.J. (2000). Our Vietnam: The War 1954–1975. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0743212441.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Brocheux 2007, p. 174. Brocheux, Pierre (2007). Ho Chi Minh: A Biography. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-85062-9.
Karnow 1983, p. 291. Karnow, Stanley (1983). Vietnam: A History. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0712600101.
Brocheux 2007, p. 237. Brocheux, Pierre (2007). Ho Chi Minh: A Biography. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-85062-9.
Jacobs 2006, p. 165. Jacobs, Seth (2006). Cold War Mandarin: Ngo Dinh Diem and the Origins of America's War in Vietnam, 1950–1963. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0742573956.
Karnow 1983, p. 292. Karnow, Stanley (1983). Vietnam: A History. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0712600101.
Langguth 2000, pp. 233–234. Langguth, A.J. (2000). Our Vietnam: The War 1954–1975. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0743212441.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Shafer 1988, p. 255. Shafer, D. Michael (1988). Deadly Paradigms: The Failure of U.S. Counterinsurgency Policy. Vol. 1032. Princeton University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctt7zvtwm. ISBN 978-1400860586. JSTOR j.ctt7zvtwm.
Shafer 1988, pp. 271–273. Shafer, D. Michael (1988). Deadly Paradigms: The Failure of U.S. Counterinsurgency Policy. Vol. 1032. Princeton University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctt7zvtwm. ISBN 978-1400860586. JSTOR j.ctt7zvtwm.
Shafer 1988, p. 271. Shafer, D. Michael (1988). Deadly Paradigms: The Failure of U.S. Counterinsurgency Policy. Vol. 1032. Princeton University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctt7zvtwm. ISBN 978-1400860586. JSTOR j.ctt7zvtwm.
Shafer 1988, p. 272. Shafer, D. Michael (1988). Deadly Paradigms: The Failure of U.S. Counterinsurgency Policy. Vol. 1032. Princeton University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctt7zvtwm. ISBN 978-1400860586. JSTOR j.ctt7zvtwm.
Karnow 1983, pp. 340–342. Karnow, Stanley (1983). Vietnam: A History. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0712600101.
Karnow 1983, p. 348. Karnow, Stanley (1983). Vietnam: A History. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0712600101.
Langguth 2000, p. 290. Langguth, A.J. (2000). Our Vietnam: The War 1954–1975. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0743212441.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Langguth 2000, p. 355. Langguth, A.J. (2000). Our Vietnam: The War 1954–1975. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0743212441.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Langguth 2000, p. 356. Langguth, A.J. (2000). Our Vietnam: The War 1954–1975. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0743212441.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Karnow 1983, p. 456. Karnow, Stanley (1983). Vietnam: A History. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0712600101.
Langguth 2000, p. 413. Langguth, A.J. (2000). Our Vietnam: The War 1954–1975. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0743212441.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Karnow 1983, p. 492. Karnow, Stanley (1983). Vietnam: A History. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0712600101.
Karnow 1983, pp. 492–493. Karnow, Stanley (1983). Vietnam: A History. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0712600101.
Karnow 1983, p. 493. Karnow, Stanley (1983). Vietnam: A History. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0712600101.
Langguth 2000, p. 439. Langguth, A.J. (2000). Our Vietnam: The War 1954–1975. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0743212441.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Langguth 2000, pp. 439–440. Langguth, A.J. (2000). Our Vietnam: The War 1954–1975. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0743212441.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Langguth 2000, p. 440. Langguth, A.J. (2000). Our Vietnam: The War 1954–1975. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0743212441.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Karnow 1983, p. 535. Karnow, Stanley (1983). Vietnam: A History. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0712600101.
Karnow 1983, p. 597. Karnow, Stanley (1983). Vietnam: A History. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0712600101.
Marr 2013. Marr, David G. (2013). Vietnam: State, War, and Revolution (1945–1946). University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520954977.
Neville 2018, p. 33. Neville, Peter (2018). "Chapter 3: Survival". Ho Chi Minh. Routledge Historical Biographies. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-429-82822-5. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
Duiker 2000, pp. 143–145, 198; Brocheux 2007, p. 40; Neville 2018, p. 33. —————— (2000). Ho Chi Minh: A Life. Hyperion Books. ISBN 978-0786887019. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2021. Brocheux, Pierre (2007). Ho Chi Minh: A Biography. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-85062-9. Neville, Peter (2018). "Chapter 3: Survival". Ho Chi Minh. Routledge Historical Biographies. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-429-82822-5. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
Duiker 2000, pp. 198–189; Brocheux 2007, pp. 62–63; Neville 2018, p. 34; Lanzona & Rettig 2020, p. 34. Quote: "In fact, Minh Khai managed to gain the attention of Nguyen Ai Quoc [...] whom she married in late 1930 or early 1931.". —————— (2000). Ho Chi Minh: A Life. Hyperion Books. ISBN 978-0786887019. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2021. Brocheux, Pierre (2007). Ho Chi Minh: A Biography. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-85062-9. Neville, Peter (2018). "Chapter 3: Survival". Ho Chi Minh. Routledge Historical Biographies. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-429-82822-5. Retrieved 17 November 2021. Lanzona, V.A.; Rettig, F. (2020). Women Warriors in Southeast Asia. Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Asia. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-317-57184-1. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
Duiker 2000, pp. 185, 198. —————— (2000). Ho Chi Minh: A Life. Hyperion Books. ISBN 978-0786887019. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
Brocheux 2007, p. 63. Brocheux, Pierre (2007). Ho Chi Minh: A Biography. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-85062-9.
Duiker 2000, p. 199. —————— (2000). Ho Chi Minh: A Life. Hyperion Books. ISBN 978-0786887019. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
Marr 1984, p. 244. —————— (1984). Vietnamese Tradition on Trial, 1920–1945. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-90744-7. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
Duiker 2000, p. 561. —————— (2000). Ho Chi Minh: A Life. Hyperion Books. ISBN 978-0786887019. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2021.

britannica.com

"Ho Chi Minh | Biography, Presidency, & Facts". www.britannica.com. 20 June 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2023.

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cuny.edu

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Watanabe, Musa (25 July 2014). "Father of modern Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh". The OpenLab at New York City College of Technology. Retrieved 17 April 2023.

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doi.org

Gittinger, J. Price (1959). "Communist Land Policy in North Viet Nam". Far Eastern Survey. 28 (8): 113–126. doi:10.2307/3024603. ISSN 0362-8949. JSTOR 3024603.
Szalontai, Balazs (November 2005). "Political and Economic Crisis in North Vietnam, 1955–56" (PDF). Cold War History. 5 (4): 395–426. doi:10.1080/14682740500284630. S2CID 153956945. Retrieved 30 November 2017.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Shafer 1988, p. 255. Shafer, D. Michael (1988). Deadly Paradigms: The Failure of U.S. Counterinsurgency Policy. Vol. 1032. Princeton University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctt7zvtwm. ISBN 978-1400860586. JSTOR j.ctt7zvtwm.
Shafer 1988, pp. 271–273. Shafer, D. Michael (1988). Deadly Paradigms: The Failure of U.S. Counterinsurgency Policy. Vol. 1032. Princeton University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctt7zvtwm. ISBN 978-1400860586. JSTOR j.ctt7zvtwm.
Shafer 1988, p. 271. Shafer, D. Michael (1988). Deadly Paradigms: The Failure of U.S. Counterinsurgency Policy. Vol. 1032. Princeton University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctt7zvtwm. ISBN 978-1400860586. JSTOR j.ctt7zvtwm.
Shafer 1988, p. 272. Shafer, D. Michael (1988). Deadly Paradigms: The Failure of U.S. Counterinsurgency Policy. Vol. 1032. Princeton University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctt7zvtwm. ISBN 978-1400860586. JSTOR j.ctt7zvtwm.

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Szalontai, Balazs (November 2005). "Political and Economic Crisis in North Vietnam, 1955–56" (PDF). Cold War History. 5 (4): 395–426. doi:10.1080/14682740500284630. S2CID 153956945. Retrieved 30 November 2017.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

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"Từ chức, thôi chức và những lần sửa sai thời Chủ tịch Hồ Chí Minh".

hopluu.net

Vũ Ngự Chiêu (23 October 2011). "Vài vấn nạn lịch sử thế kỷ XX: Hồ Chí Minh – Nhà ngoại giao, 1945–1946". Hợp Lưu Magazine (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2013. Note: See the document in French, from Centre des archives d'Outre-mer [CAOM] (Aix)/Gouvernement General de l'Indochine [GGI]/Fonds Residence Superieure d'Annam [RSA]/carton R1, and the note in English at the end of the cited article
Nguyễn Vĩnh Châu. "Phỏng vấn sử gia Vũ Ngự Chiêu về những nghiên cứu lịch sử liên quan đến Hồ Chí Minh". Hợp Lưu Magazine. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 10 December 2013.

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"The Black Race by Ho Chi Minh by New Vietnam Publishing – Issuu". issuu.com. 20 February 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2022.

jstor.org

Moise 1988, p. 11. Moise, Edwin E. (1988). "Nationalism and Communism in Vietnam". Journal of Third World Studies. 5 (2). University Press of Florida: 6–22. JSTOR 45193059.
Gittinger, J. Price (1959). "Communist Land Policy in North Viet Nam". Far Eastern Survey. 28 (8): 113–126. doi:10.2307/3024603. ISSN 0362-8949. JSTOR 3024603.
Shafer 1988, p. 255. Shafer, D. Michael (1988). Deadly Paradigms: The Failure of U.S. Counterinsurgency Policy. Vol. 1032. Princeton University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctt7zvtwm. ISBN 978-1400860586. JSTOR j.ctt7zvtwm.
Shafer 1988, pp. 271–273. Shafer, D. Michael (1988). Deadly Paradigms: The Failure of U.S. Counterinsurgency Policy. Vol. 1032. Princeton University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctt7zvtwm. ISBN 978-1400860586. JSTOR j.ctt7zvtwm.
Shafer 1988, p. 271. Shafer, D. Michael (1988). Deadly Paradigms: The Failure of U.S. Counterinsurgency Policy. Vol. 1032. Princeton University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctt7zvtwm. ISBN 978-1400860586. JSTOR j.ctt7zvtwm.
Shafer 1988, p. 272. Shafer, D. Michael (1988). Deadly Paradigms: The Failure of U.S. Counterinsurgency Policy. Vol. 1032. Princeton University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctt7zvtwm. ISBN 978-1400860586. JSTOR j.ctt7zvtwm.
Pham, Duy Nghia (2005). "4 Confucianism and the conception of the law in Vietnam". In Gillespie, John; Nicholson, Pip (eds.). Asian Socialism and Legal Change: The dynamics of Vietnamese and Chinese Reform (PDF). ANU Press. pp. 76–90. ISBN 978-1-920942-27-4. JSTOR j.ctt2jbjds.12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2019.
Moise 1988, p. 6. Moise, Edwin E. (1988). "Nationalism and Communism in Vietnam". Journal of Third World Studies. 5 (2). University Press of Florida: 6–22. JSTOR 45193059.

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Nguyễn Xuân Tùng (18 September 2014). "Giới thiệu những tư liệu về Di chúc của Chủ tịch Hồ Chí Minh" [Introduction to documents related to President Ho Chi Minh's will] (in Vietnamese). Ministry of Justice (Vietnam). Retrieved 1 October 2021.

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Szalontai, Balazs (November 2005). "Political and Economic Crisis in North Vietnam, 1955–56" (PDF). Cold War History. 5 (4): 395–426. doi:10.1080/14682740500284630. S2CID 153956945. Retrieved 30 November 2017.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

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Vu, Tuong (25 May 2007). "Newly released documents on the land reform" (Mailing list). Vietnam Studies Group. Archived from the original on 1 December 2019. Retrieved 30 November 2017. Thus the number of 13,500 executed people seems to be a low-end estimate of the real number. This is corroborated by Edwin Moise in his recent paper "Land Reform in North Vietnam, 1953–1956" presented at the 18th Annual Conference on SE Asian Studies, Center for SE Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley (February 2001). In this paper, Moise (7–9) modified his earlier estimate in his 1983 book (which was 5,000) and accepted an estimate of close to 15,000 executions. Moise made the case based on Hungarian reports provided by Balazs, but the document I cited above offers more direct evidence for his revised estimate. This document also suggests that the total number should be adjusted up some more, taking into consideration the later radical phase of the campaign, the unauthorized killings at the local level, and the suicides following arrest and torture (the central government bore less direct responsibility for these cases, however).

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/ˌhoʊ tʃiː ˈmɪn/ HOH chee MIN,^[1] Vietnamese: [hò cǐ mīŋ] ^ⓘ, Saigon: [hò cǐ mɨn].
Vietnamese: [ŋu˧ie˧˧˥ˀn̪ si˧ŋ ku˧ŋ] ^ⓘ

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A nationwide call for resistance [vi]

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"호찌민 감시 佛 경찰문건 대거발굴…한국 임시정부 활약상 생생". 15 December 2018. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018.

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