Hobbit (English Wikipedia)

Tolkien, J. R. R. Bilbo's last Song: (for "XIV. Return to Hobbiton" note 21) "the Hornblower who received the barometer now changes from Cosimo (by way of Carambo) to Colombo." (A Long-expected Party): "For Cosimo Chubb, treat it as your own, Bingo: on the barometer. Cosimo used to bang it with a large fat finger whenever he came to call. He was afraid of getting wet, and wore a scarf and macintosh all the year round."
White, Lynn Townsend (1964). Medieval Technology and Social Change. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 120–121. ISBN 978-01950-0-266-9.

books.google.com

Gilliver, Peter; Marshall, Jeremy; Weiner, Edmund (23 July 2009). The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-19-956836-9.
Weinstock, Jeffrey, ed. (2014). The Ashgate Encyclopedia of Literary and Cinematic Monsters. Ashgate Publishing. p. 193. ISBN 978-1409425625.
Langford, David (2005). The Sex Column and Other Misprints. Wildside Press. p. 188. ISBN 1930997787.
Clute, John; Grant, John (1999). The Encyclopedia of Fantasy. St. Martin's Press. p. 447. ISBN 978-0312198695.
Lyall, Francis (2020). Clifford Donald Simak – An Affectionate Appreciation. Paragon Publishing. p. 117. ISBN 978-1-78222-730-4.

brlsi.org

"History of Postal Services". Bath: Postal Museum. Archived from the original on 24 May 2011.

crossaxle.com

Turner, Damian (14 February 2015). "Product Review - Ghillie Kettle". Crossaxle.com Magazine. Retrieved 20 January 2024. The chimney or volcano kettle, call it what you will, dates back to the late 1800's in western Ireland

divched.org

jce.divched.org

Crass, M. F. Jr. (1941). "A history of the match industry. Part 5" (PDF). Journal of Chemical Education. 18 (7): 316–319. Bibcode:1941JChEd..18..316C. doi:10.1021/ed018p316.

doi.org

Crass, M. F. Jr. (1941). "A history of the match industry. Part 5" (PDF). Journal of Chemical Education. 18 (7): 316–319. Bibcode:1941JChEd..18..316C. doi:10.1021/ed018p316.
Griffiths, T. T.; Krone, U.; Lancaster, R. (2017). "Pyrotechnics". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a22_437.pub2. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.
Morwood, M.J.; Soejono, R.P.; Roberts, R.G.; Sutikna, T.; Turney, C.S.M.; et al. (28 October 2004). "Archaeology and age of a new hominin from Flores in eastern Indonesia". Nature. 431 (7012): 1087–1091. Bibcode:2004Natur.431.1087M. doi:10.1038/nature02956. PMID 15510146. S2CID 4358548.
Brown, P.; Sutikna, T.; Morwood, M.J.; Soejono, R.P.; Jatmiko; Wayhu Saptomo, E.; Awe Due, Rokus (2004). "A new small-bodied hominin from the late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia" (PDF). Nature. 431 (7012): 1055–1061. Bibcode:2004Natur.431.1055B. doi:10.1038/nature02999. PMID 15514638. S2CID 26441.: Morwood, M.J.; Soejono, P.; Roberts, R.G.; Sutikna, T.; Turney, C.S.M.; et al. (28 October 2004). "Archaeology and age of a new hominin from Flores in eastern Indonesia". Nature. 431 (7012): 1087–1091. Bibcode:2004Natur.431.1087M. doi:10.1038/nature02956. PMID 15510146. S2CID 4358548.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Crass, M. F. Jr. (1941). "A history of the match industry. Part 5" (PDF). Journal of Chemical Education. 18 (7): 316–319. Bibcode:1941JChEd..18..316C. doi:10.1021/ed018p316.
Morwood, M.J.; Soejono, R.P.; Roberts, R.G.; Sutikna, T.; Turney, C.S.M.; et al. (28 October 2004). "Archaeology and age of a new hominin from Flores in eastern Indonesia". Nature. 431 (7012): 1087–1091. Bibcode:2004Natur.431.1087M. doi:10.1038/nature02956. PMID 15510146. S2CID 4358548.
Brown, P.; Sutikna, T.; Morwood, M.J.; Soejono, R.P.; Jatmiko; Wayhu Saptomo, E.; Awe Due, Rokus (2004). "A new small-bodied hominin from the late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia" (PDF). Nature. 431 (7012): 1055–1061. Bibcode:2004Natur.431.1055B. doi:10.1038/nature02999. PMID 15514638. S2CID 26441.: Morwood, M.J.; Soejono, P.; Roberts, R.G.; Sutikna, T.; Turney, C.S.M.; et al. (28 October 2004). "Archaeology and age of a new hominin from Flores in eastern Indonesia". Nature. 431 (7012): 1087–1091. Bibcode:2004Natur.431.1087M. doi:10.1038/nature02956. PMID 15510146. S2CID 4358548.

independent.co.uk

Sommerlad, Joe (2 October 2017). "The Hobbit at 80: What were JRR Tolkien's inspirations behind his first fantasy tale of Middle Earth?". The Independent. Retrieved 7 February 2021.

jstor.org

daily.jstor.org

Wills, Matthew (14 October 2019). "The Columbian Exchange Should Be Called The Columbian Extraction". JSTOR Daily. Retrieved 20 January 2024.

lamag.com

Stewart, Sara (6 September 2022). "'Neil Gaiman Gives Tolkien Lesson to 'Rings of Power' Racists". Los Angeles Magazine. Retrieved 25 October 2022.

larecord.com

Koudounaris, Paul (16 January 2013). "Rosemary's Billygoat: A big hairy kick in the behind from Hobbit fans". L.A. Record. Retrieved 14 October 2020.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Morwood, M.J.; Soejono, R.P.; Roberts, R.G.; Sutikna, T.; Turney, C.S.M.; et al. (28 October 2004). "Archaeology and age of a new hominin from Flores in eastern Indonesia". Nature. 431 (7012): 1087–1091. Bibcode:2004Natur.431.1087M. doi:10.1038/nature02956. PMID 15510146. S2CID 4358548.
Brown, P.; Sutikna, T.; Morwood, M.J.; Soejono, R.P.; Jatmiko; Wayhu Saptomo, E.; Awe Due, Rokus (2004). "A new small-bodied hominin from the late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia" (PDF). Nature. 431 (7012): 1055–1061. Bibcode:2004Natur.431.1055B. doi:10.1038/nature02999. PMID 15514638. S2CID 26441.: Morwood, M.J.; Soejono, P.; Roberts, R.G.; Sutikna, T.; Turney, C.S.M.; et al. (28 October 2004). "Archaeology and age of a new hominin from Flores in eastern Indonesia". Nature. 431 (7012): 1087–1091. Bibcode:2004Natur.431.1087M. doi:10.1038/nature02956. PMID 15510146. S2CID 4358548.

nytimes.com

Zimmer, Carl (20 June 2016). "Are Hobbits real?". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 June 2016.

oed.com

public.oed.com

Gilliver, Peter (14 August 2012). "J.R.R. Tolkien and the OED". Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 23 February 2021. Note: Gives the OED's definition of "Hobbit", and states it was written by Tolkien, and included almost unchanged.

oxoniensia.org

Wenham, Simon M. (2015). "The River Thames and the Popularisation of Camping, 1860–1980" (PDF). Oxoniensia. LXXX: 57–74.

rampleyandco.com

"The History Of The Pocket Square". Rampley & Co. Archived from the original on 1 December 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2024.

rero.ch

doc.rero.ch

Brown, P.; Sutikna, T.; Morwood, M.J.; Soejono, R.P.; Jatmiko; Wayhu Saptomo, E.; Awe Due, Rokus (2004). "A new small-bodied hominin from the late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia" (PDF). Nature. 431 (7012): 1055–1061. Bibcode:2004Natur.431.1055B. doi:10.1038/nature02999. PMID 15514638. S2CID 26441.: Morwood, M.J.; Soejono, P.; Roberts, R.G.; Sutikna, T.; Turney, C.S.M.; et al. (28 October 2004). "Archaeology and age of a new hominin from Flores in eastern Indonesia". Nature. 431 (7012): 1087–1091. Bibcode:2004Natur.431.1087M. doi:10.1038/nature02956. PMID 15510146. S2CID 4358548.

scribd.com

Smalley, I.J.; Bijl, S. (2003). "Hobbit holes as loess dwellings and the Shire as a loess region". New Zealand Soil News. 51: 158–159.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Morwood, M.J.; Soejono, R.P.; Roberts, R.G.; Sutikna, T.; Turney, C.S.M.; et al. (28 October 2004). "Archaeology and age of a new hominin from Flores in eastern Indonesia". Nature. 431 (7012): 1087–1091. Bibcode:2004Natur.431.1087M. doi:10.1038/nature02956. PMID 15510146. S2CID 4358548.
Brown, P.; Sutikna, T.; Morwood, M.J.; Soejono, R.P.; Jatmiko; Wayhu Saptomo, E.; Awe Due, Rokus (2004). "A new small-bodied hominin from the late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia" (PDF). Nature. 431 (7012): 1055–1061. Bibcode:2004Natur.431.1055B. doi:10.1038/nature02999. PMID 15514638. S2CID 26441.: Morwood, M.J.; Soejono, P.; Roberts, R.G.; Sutikna, T.; Turney, C.S.M.; et al. (28 October 2004). "Archaeology and age of a new hominin from Flores in eastern Indonesia". Nature. 431 (7012): 1087–1091. Bibcode:2004Natur.431.1087M. doi:10.1038/nature02956. PMID 15510146. S2CID 4358548.

swosu.edu

dc.swosu.edu

O'Brien, Donald (15 December 1989). "On the Origin of the Name "Hobbit"". Mythlore. 16 (2): Article 19.

theguardian.com

Rayner, Jay (3 November 2005). "Enduring Love". The Guardian.
Heritage, Stuart (5 September 2022). "The backlash to rule them all? Every controversy about The Rings of Power so far". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
Thielman, Sam (20 February 2022). "'The history of fantasy is racialized': Lord of the Rings series sparks debate over race". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
Duggins, Alexi (8 September 2022). "Lord of the Rings stars speak out against racist 'threats, harassment and abuse'". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
McKie, Robin (21 February 2010). "How a hobbit is rewriting the history of the human race". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 January 2011.

tolkien.ro

Tolkien 1975, Firstborn Tolkien, J. R. R. (1975). "Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings" (PDF). In Lobdell, Jared (ed.). A Tolkien Compass. Open Court. pp. 155–201. ISBN 978-0875-48316-0.
Tolkien 1975 Tolkien, J. R. R. (1975). "Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings" (PDF). In Lobdell, Jared (ed.). A Tolkien Compass. Open Court. pp. 155–201. ISBN 978-0875-48316-0.

valpo.edu

scholar.valpo.edu

Flowers 2017, pp. 2. Flowers, Michael (2017). ""Hobbits?...And what may they be?"". Journal of Tolkien Research. 4 (1). Article 2.

web.archive.org

"The History Of The Pocket Square". Rampley & Co. Archived from the original on 1 December 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
"History of Postal Services". Bath: Postal Museum. Archived from the original on 24 May 2011.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Tolkien 1954, book 3, ch. 8 "The Road to Isengard" Tolkien, J. R. R. (1954). The Two Towers. The Lord of the Rings. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. OCLC 1042159111.
Tolkien 1955, Appendix F, 2. "On Translation", "Note on three names: Hobbit, Gamgee, and Brandywine" Tolkien, J. R. R. (1955). The Return of the King. The Lord of the Rings. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. OCLC 519647821.
Tolkien 1954a, "Prologue" Tolkien, J. R. R. (1954a). The Fellowship of the Ring. The Lord of the Rings. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. OCLC 9552942.
Tolkien 1954a, Book II, Chapter 1 "Many Meetings". "If you can't distinguish between a Man and a Hobbit, your judgement is poorer than I imagined. They're as different as peas and apples." Tolkien, J. R. R. (1954a). The Fellowship of the Ring. The Lord of the Rings. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. OCLC 9552942.
Tolkien 1954a, "Prologue", 1. "Concerning Hobbits" Tolkien, J. R. R. (1954a). The Fellowship of the Ring. The Lord of the Rings. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. OCLC 9552942.
Tolkien 1954a, book 1, ch. 10, "Strider" Tolkien, J. R. R. (1954a). The Fellowship of the Ring. The Lord of the Rings. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. OCLC 9552942.
Tolkien 1954a, "Prologue", 2. "Concerning Pipe-weed" Tolkien, J. R. R. (1954a). The Fellowship of the Ring. The Lord of the Rings. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. OCLC 9552942.
Tolkien 1955, Appendix D Tolkien, J. R. R. (1955). The Return of the King. The Lord of the Rings. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. OCLC 519647821.
Tolkien 1954a, At the Sign of The Prancing Pony Tolkien, J. R. R. (1954a). The Fellowship of the Ring. The Lord of the Rings. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. OCLC 9552942.
Hounsell, Peter (February 2004). "Up the Cut to Paddington: The West Middlesex brick industry and the Grand Junction Canal". The British Brick Society. 93: 11–16. ISSN 0960-7870.
Fimi 2010, 10 "Visualizing Middle-earth" "Victorian countryside and relics of the industrial revolution: the material culture of the Shire, pp. 179–188 Fimi, Dimitra (2010) [2008]. Tolkien, Race, and Cultural History: From Fairies to Hobbits. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-21951-9. OCLC 222251097.