Hostile architecture (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Hostile architecture" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

61web.archive.org

1^st place

27worldcat.org

5^th place

7theguardian.com

12^th place

11^th place

5bbc.com

20^th place

30^th place

4dn.se

679^th place

1,540^th place

4doi.org

2^nd place

4semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

3sagepub.com

731^st place

638^th place

2researchgate.net

120^th place

125^th place

2harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

2svt.se

863^rd place

1,545^th place

2nd-aktuell.de

low place

2boston.com

310^th place

208^th place

2nypost.com

208^th place

156^th place

2nytimes.com

7^th place

1uwinnipeg.ca

low place

1telegraph.co.uk

30^th place

24^th place

1cnn.com

28^th place

26^th place

1catsmeatshop.blogspot.co.uk

low place

1yalelawjournal.org

low place

1bloomberg.com

99^th place

77^th place

1ru.nl

9,179^th place

6,972^nd place

1thestranger.com

3,408^th place

2,146^th place

1oregonlive.com

886^th place

517^th place

1zeit.de

267^th place

1,512^th place

1sueddeutsche.de

226^th place

1,315^th place

1stltoday.com

1,387^th place

759^th place

1ianvisits.co.uk

low place

1vox.com

484^th place

323^rd place

1arkitekt.se

low place

1gothamist.com

3,729^th place

2,054^th place

1vice.com

175^th place

137^th place

1interestingengineering.com

8,846^th place

5,943^rd place

1vancouverisawesome.com

low place

1cbc.ca

115^th place

82^nd place

1sverigesradio.se

1,180^th place

2,079^th place

1defensiveto.com

low place

1maz-online.de

5,977^th place

low place

1scientificamerican.com

896^th place

674^th place

1abc.net.au

139^th place

108^th place

1theconversation.com

928^th place

651^st place

1faz.net

240^th place

1,443^rd place

1motherjones.com

2,008^th place

1,197^th place

1fredrikedin.se

low place

1metropolitics.org

low place

1businessinsider.com

140^th place

115^th place

1independent.co.uk

36^th place

33^rd place

1cargocollective.com

low place

1huffingtonpost.co.uk

1,146^th place

683^rd place

abc.net.au

"High-pitched 'anti-loitering' devices targeting young people breaches human rights: advocates". ABC News. 2018-10-11. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.

arkitekt.se

"Exkluderande arkitektur påverkar hela samhället negativt". Sveriges Arkitekter (in Swedish). 8 January 2019. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.

bbc.com

Swain, Frank (2 December 2013). "Secret city design tricks manipulate your behaviour". BBC. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
Swain, Frank. "Secret city design tricks manipulate your behaviour". www.bbc.com. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
"The cornucopia of anti-homeless sleeping design". BBC News. 2014-06-09. Archived from the original on 2022-01-28. Retrieved 2022-02-19. Look at the design of bus stop seats in the UK. They typically prevent anyone from sleeping. One of the most common designs is a narrow plastic bench with a pronounced slope. A sleeper would roll off.
"'Anti-homeless' slope put in doorway". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
"Salon criticised over anti-homeless water sprinklers". BBC News. 2018-01-30. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.

bloomberg.com

"The True Measure of Robert Moses (and His Racist Bridges)". Bloomberg.com. 2017-07-09. Retrieved 2023-06-02.

boston.com

"Activists Pour Concrete on Store's 'Anti-Homeless' Spikes, Win". www.boston.com. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
MacNeill, Arianna. "'Hostile architecture': A group wanted for removing armrests from MBTA benches says they're helping the homeless". www.boston.com. Retrieved 2024-04-26.

businessinsider.com

Perrett, Connor. "The New York City MTA sparked backlash for saying it removed benches from subway stations to 'prevent the homeless from sleeping on them'". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.

cargocollective.com

"chair bombing - popupinfrastructure". cargocollective.com. Retrieved 2024-04-26.

catsmeatshop.blogspot.co.uk

Lee, Jackson (23 July 2013). "Urine Deflectors in Fleet Street". The Cat's Meat Shop. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 23 February 2014.

cbc.ca

"'Hostile design' makes Calgary an unwelcoming modern city, says architect". CBC/Radio Canada. Archived from the original on 2021-07-17.

cnn.com

Andrea Lo (7 December 2017). "The debate: Is hostile architecture designing people -- and nature -- out of cities?". CNN. Retrieved 2022-08-16.

defensiveto.com

"#defensiveTO | Light + Sound". defensiveto. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.

dn.se

"Designen som ska hålla hemlösa borta". DN.SE (in Swedish). 2015-04-07. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
"Staket för 200.000 ska hålla hemlösa borta". DN.SE (in Swedish). 2015-03-23. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
"Obekväm design motar bort oönskade från städerna". Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). 2014-11-30. ISSN 1101-2447. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
""Exkluderande design" vid Centralen tar bort sovplatser". DN.SE (in Swedish). 2015-03-27. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.

doi.org

Smith, Naomi; Walters, Peter (2017-10-25). "Desire lines and defensive architecture in modern urban environments". Urban Studies. 55 (13): 2980–2995. doi:10.1177/0042098017732690. ISSN 0042-0980. S2CID 148822954. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
Gerrard, Jessica; Farrugia, David (September 2015). "The 'lamentable sight' of homelessness and the society of the spectacle". Urban Studies. 52 (12): 2219–2233. Bibcode:2015UrbSt..52.2219G. doi:10.1177/0042098014542135. ISSN 0042-0980. S2CID 146460552.
Johnsen, Sarah; Fitzpatrick, Suzanne; Watts, Beth (2018-10-03). "Homelessness and social control: a typology". Housing Studies. 33 (7): 1106–1126. doi:10.1080/02673037.2017.1421912. ISSN 0267-3037. S2CID 158718588.
Rosenberger, Robert (March 2020). "On hostile design: Theoretical and empirical prospects". Urban Studies. 57 (4): 883–893. Bibcode:2020UrbSt..57..883R. doi:10.1177/0042098019853778. ISSN 0042-0980. S2CID 202333075.

faz.net

Pergande, Frank; Hamburg. "Brennpunkt Hauptbahnhof: Klassische Musik gegen Drogenkonsum". FAZ.NET (in German). ISSN 0174-4909. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.

fredrikedin.se

Edin, Fredrik (2018-09-05). "Den vanligaste formen av exkluderande design". Skumrask (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.

gothamist.com

Kim, Elizabeth (2019-08-14). "A Field Guide To The 'Weapons' Of Hostile Architecture In NYC". Gothamist. Archived from the original on 2021-08-14. Retrieved 2022-01-27.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Gerrard, Jessica; Farrugia, David (September 2015). "The 'lamentable sight' of homelessness and the society of the spectacle". Urban Studies. 52 (12): 2219–2233. Bibcode:2015UrbSt..52.2219G. doi:10.1177/0042098014542135. ISSN 0042-0980. S2CID 146460552.
Rosenberger, Robert (March 2020). "On hostile design: Theoretical and empirical prospects". Urban Studies. 57 (4): 883–893. Bibcode:2020UrbSt..57..883R. doi:10.1177/0042098019853778. ISSN 0042-0980. S2CID 202333075.

huffingtonpost.co.uk

"Victory As Tesco Abandons Anti-Homeless Spikes After Concrete Vandalism". HuffPost UK. 2014-06-12. Retrieved 2024-04-26.

ianvisits.co.uk

"The Camden Bench". Ian Visits. 2 December 2016. Archived from the original on 7 January 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2021.

independent.co.uk

"Bristol tanning salon installs sprinklers to stop homeless people from sleeping outside". The Independent. 2018-02-01. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.

interestingengineering.com

"15 Examples of 'Anti-Homeless' Hostile Architecture That You Probably Never Noticed Before". interestingengineering.com. 2020-11-22. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.

maz-online.de

"Raue kämpft mit Piepton gegen Jugendliche". MAZ - Märkische Allgemeine (in German). 19 September 2018. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.

metropolitics.org

Muraca, Frank (2018-01-09). "Excluding Fast and Slow: Charlottesville's Long Battle over Public Space". Metropolitics. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.

motherjones.com

Murphy, Tim (January 3, 2023). "Monster of 2022: Moynihan Train Hall and the hostile architecture ethos". Mother Jones. Retrieved 8 May 2024.

nd-aktuell.de

Wagner, Jonas. "Kein Platz für Obdachlose (nd-aktuell.de)". www.nd-aktuell.de (in German). Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
Krieg, Claudia. "Menschen statt Bänke schützen (nd-aktuell.de)". www.nd-aktuell.de (in German). Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.

nypost.com

"NYC Transit blasted for tweeting that subway station benches were removed to deter homeless". New York Post. 2021-02-06. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
"Strand Bookstore 'uses sprinklers to evict homeless'". New York Post. 2013-11-14. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.

nytimes.com

Goldbaum, Christina (2021-02-08). "The Subway Was Their Refuge on Cold Nights. Now It's Off-Limits". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
Hu, Winnie (November 8, 2019). "'Hostile Architecture': How Public Spaces Keep the Public Out". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 3, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.

oregonlive.com

Kruzman, Diana (2019-07-04). "Portland's homeless campers face new obstacle: piles of boulders". oregonlive. Archived from the original on 2020-07-24. Retrieved 2020-07-25. The boulders are a form of hostile architecture or defensive design

researchgate.net

Chellew, Cara (2016). "Design Paranoia". Ontario Planning Journal. 31. Archived from the original on 2022-02-19. Retrieved 2018-12-30 – via ResearchGate.
de Fine Licht, Karl (February 2021). ""Hostile architecture" and its confederates: A conceptual framework for how we should perceive our cities and the objects in them". Canadian Journal on Urban Research.

ru.nl

theses.ubn.ru.nl

Rossem, Anna van (2022-06-24). Hostile architecture and its effect on public space in Nijmegen: A case study at the central station of Nijmegen (Bachelor's thesis). Radboud University.

sagepub.com

journals.sagepub.com

Smith, Naomi; Walters, Peter (2017-10-25). "Desire lines and defensive architecture in modern urban environments". Urban Studies. 55 (13): 2980–2995. doi:10.1177/0042098017732690. ISSN 0042-0980. S2CID 148822954. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
Gerrard, Jessica; Farrugia, David (September 2015). "The 'lamentable sight' of homelessness and the society of the spectacle". Urban Studies. 52 (12): 2219–2233. Bibcode:2015UrbSt..52.2219G. doi:10.1177/0042098014542135. ISSN 0042-0980. S2CID 146460552.
Rosenberger, Robert (March 2020). "On hostile design: Theoretical and empirical prospects". Urban Studies. 57 (4): 883–893. Bibcode:2020UrbSt..57..883R. doi:10.1177/0042098019853778. ISSN 0042-0980. S2CID 202333075.

scientificamerican.com

Education.com. "Sonic Science: The High-Frequency Hearing Test". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 2017-10-24. Retrieved 2022-01-27.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Smith, Naomi; Walters, Peter (2017-10-25). "Desire lines and defensive architecture in modern urban environments". Urban Studies. 55 (13): 2980–2995. doi:10.1177/0042098017732690. ISSN 0042-0980. S2CID 148822954. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
Gerrard, Jessica; Farrugia, David (September 2015). "The 'lamentable sight' of homelessness and the society of the spectacle". Urban Studies. 52 (12): 2219–2233. Bibcode:2015UrbSt..52.2219G. doi:10.1177/0042098014542135. ISSN 0042-0980. S2CID 146460552.
Johnsen, Sarah; Fitzpatrick, Suzanne; Watts, Beth (2018-10-03). "Homelessness and social control: a typology". Housing Studies. 33 (7): 1106–1126. doi:10.1080/02673037.2017.1421912. ISSN 0267-3037. S2CID 158718588.
Rosenberger, Robert (March 2020). "On hostile design: Theoretical and empirical prospects". Urban Studies. 57 (4): 883–893. Bibcode:2020UrbSt..57..883R. doi:10.1177/0042098019853778. ISSN 0042-0980. S2CID 202333075.

stltoday.com

Bell, Kim (2013-12-18). "Metro's bench dividers at bus shelters seen by some as slap at homeless". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Archived from the original on 2014-08-22. Retrieved 2014-06-08.

sueddeutsche.de

Schneider, Jens (28 September 2011). "St. Pauli hält Obdachlose mit Zaun auf Distanz". Süddeutsche Zeitung (in German). Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.

sverigesradio.se

Snis, Alva (2016-11-28). "Kritiserat pipljud i Tensta avstängt under helgen". Sveriges Radio (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.

svt.se

Nyberg, Micke; Isberg, Catharina (2015-03-12). "Här är det förbjudet att ligga ner". SVT Nyheter (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
Gitz, Randi; Haupt, Inger (2014-02-26). "Här är järnvägsstationen med enbart ståplats". SVT Nyheter (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.

telegraph.co.uk

Morris, Hugh (2016-02-04). "Anti-pee paint: San Francisco's walls fight back". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 2022-08-22.

theconversation.com

Kirk, Tracy (4 August 2017). "The use of sonic 'anti-loitering' devices is breaching teenagers' human rights". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.

theguardian.com

Omidi, Maryam (12 June 2014). "Anti-homeless spikes are just the latest in 'defensive urban architecture'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 31 May 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
Andreou, Alex (18 February 2015). "Anti-homeless spikes: 'Sleeping rough opened my eyes to the city's barbed cruelty'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 April 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
Quinn, Ben (13 June 2014). "Anti-homeless spikes are part of a wider phenomenon of 'hostile architecture'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 May 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
"New anti-homeless architecture: Seattle uses bike racks to block rough sleepers". The Guardian. 2018-01-24. Archived from the original on 2020-08-14. Retrieved 2020-07-25.
"Defensive architecture: keeping poverty unseen and deflecting our guilt". The Guardian. 2015-02-18. Archived from the original on 2015-02-20. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
Benjes, Lisa (2018-08-31). "'Art shouldn't be weaponised': the atonal concert championing Berlin's homeless". The Guardian. Retrieved 2022-02-25.
"Luxury auction house under fire after sprinkler system douses homeless". The Guardian. 2016-06-10. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.

thestranger.com

Groover, Heidi (19 December 2017). "Seattle Uses Bike Racks to Discourage Homeless Camping". The Stranger. Archived from the original on 22 November 2019. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

uwinnipeg.ca

cjur.uwinnipeg.ca

Chellew, Cara (2019). "Defending Suburbia: Exploring the use of defensive urban design outside of the city centre". Canadian Journal of Urban Research. 28: 19–33. Archived from the original on 2019-07-22. Retrieved 2019-07-22.

vancouverisawesome.com

"Vancouver's 'defensive architecture' is hostile to homeless, say critics". Vancouver Is Awesome. 24 June 2019. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.

vice.com

"Photos of the Most Egregious 'Anti-Homeless' Architecture". www.vice.com. 25 June 2019. Archived from the original on 2022-02-19. Retrieved 2022-01-27.

vox.com

Waters, Carlos (2017-12-01). "Why cities are full of uncomfortable benches". Vox. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.

web.archive.org

Chellew, Cara (2019). "Defending Suburbia: Exploring the use of defensive urban design outside of the city centre". Canadian Journal of Urban Research. 28: 19–33. Archived from the original on 2019-07-22. Retrieved 2019-07-22.
Omidi, Maryam (12 June 2014). "Anti-homeless spikes are just the latest in 'defensive urban architecture'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 31 May 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
Andreou, Alex (18 February 2015). "Anti-homeless spikes: 'Sleeping rough opened my eyes to the city's barbed cruelty'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 April 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
Quinn, Ben (13 June 2014). "Anti-homeless spikes are part of a wider phenomenon of 'hostile architecture'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 May 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
Swain, Frank (2 December 2013). "Secret city design tricks manipulate your behaviour". BBC. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
Lee, Jackson (23 July 2013). "Urine Deflectors in Fleet Street". The Cat's Meat Shop. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
"Architectural Exclusion: Discrimination and Segregation Through Physical Design of the Built Environment". Yale Law Journal. 124 (6): 1836–2201. 2015. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
Swain, Frank. "Secret city design tricks manipulate your behaviour". www.bbc.com. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
Chellew, Cara (2016). "Design Paranoia". Ontario Planning Journal. 31. Archived from the original on 2022-02-19. Retrieved 2018-12-30 – via ResearchGate.
"Designen som ska hålla hemlösa borta". DN.SE (in Swedish). 2015-04-07. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
Smith, Naomi; Walters, Peter (2017-10-25). "Desire lines and defensive architecture in modern urban environments". Urban Studies. 55 (13): 2980–2995. doi:10.1177/0042098017732690. ISSN 0042-0980. S2CID 148822954. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
Edin, Fredrik (2017). Exkluderande design (in Swedish). Stockholm. p. 42. ISBN 978-91-87777-28-8. OCLC 1045613015. Archived from the original on 2022-02-19. Retrieved 2022-01-27.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Groover, Heidi (19 December 2017). "Seattle Uses Bike Racks to Discourage Homeless Camping". The Stranger. Archived from the original on 22 November 2019. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
"New anti-homeless architecture: Seattle uses bike racks to block rough sleepers". The Guardian. 2018-01-24. Archived from the original on 2020-08-14. Retrieved 2020-07-25.
Kruzman, Diana (2019-07-04). "Portland's homeless campers face new obstacle: piles of boulders". oregonlive. Archived from the original on 2020-07-24. Retrieved 2020-07-25. The boulders are a form of hostile architecture or defensive design
"Staket för 200.000 ska hålla hemlösa borta". DN.SE (in Swedish). 2015-03-23. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
Edin, Fredrik (2017). Exkluderande design (in Swedish). Stockholm. p. 20. ISBN 978-91-87777-28-8. OCLC 1045613015. Archived from the original on 2022-02-19. Retrieved 2022-01-27.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
"ZEIT ONLINE | Lesen Sie zeit.de mit Werbung oder im PUR-Abo. Sie haben die Wahl". www.zeit.de. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
Schneider, Jens (28 September 2011). "St. Pauli hält Obdachlose mit Zaun auf Distanz". Süddeutsche Zeitung (in German). Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
"The cornucopia of anti-homeless sleeping design". BBC News. 2014-06-09. Archived from the original on 2022-01-28. Retrieved 2022-02-19. Look at the design of bus stop seats in the UK. They typically prevent anyone from sleeping. One of the most common designs is a narrow plastic bench with a pronounced slope. A sleeper would roll off.
Bell, Kim (2013-12-18). "Metro's bench dividers at bus shelters seen by some as slap at homeless". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Archived from the original on 2014-08-22. Retrieved 2014-06-08.
"The Camden Bench". Ian Visits. 2 December 2016. Archived from the original on 7 January 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
Waters, Carlos (2017-12-01). "Why cities are full of uncomfortable benches". Vox. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
"Obekväm design motar bort oönskade från städerna". Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). 2014-11-30. ISSN 1101-2447. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
"Exkluderande arkitektur påverkar hela samhället negativt". Sveriges Arkitekter (in Swedish). 8 January 2019. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
Edin, Fredrik (2017). Exkluderande design (in Swedish). Stockholm. p. 16. ISBN 978-91-87777-28-8. OCLC 1045613015. Archived from the original on 2022-02-19. Retrieved 2022-01-27.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Nyberg, Micke; Isberg, Catharina (2015-03-12). "Här är det förbjudet att ligga ner". SVT Nyheter (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
Gitz, Randi; Haupt, Inger (2014-02-26). "Här är järnvägsstationen med enbart ståplats". SVT Nyheter (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
Wagner, Jonas. "Kein Platz für Obdachlose (nd-aktuell.de)". www.nd-aktuell.de (in German). Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
Krieg, Claudia. "Menschen statt Bänke schützen (nd-aktuell.de)". www.nd-aktuell.de (in German). Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
Edin, Fredrik (2017). Exkluderande design (in Swedish). Stockholm. pp. 23–24. ISBN 978-91-87777-28-8. OCLC 1045613015. Archived from the original on 2022-02-19. Retrieved 2022-01-27.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
"'Anti-homeless' slope put in doorway". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
Dum, Christopher P. (2016). Exiled in America : life on the margins in a residential motel. New York. p. 222. ISBN 978-0-231-54239-5. OCLC 958066095. Archived from the original on 2022-02-19. Retrieved 2022-01-27.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
"Defensive architecture: keeping poverty unseen and deflecting our guilt". The Guardian. 2015-02-18. Archived from the original on 2015-02-20. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
Kim, Elizabeth (2019-08-14). "A Field Guide To The 'Weapons' Of Hostile Architecture In NYC". Gothamist. Archived from the original on 2021-08-14. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
""Exkluderande design" vid Centralen tar bort sovplatser". DN.SE (in Swedish). 2015-03-27. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
Edin, Fredrik (2017). Exkluderande design (in Swedish). Stockholm. p. 18. ISBN 978-91-87777-28-8. OCLC 1045613015. Archived from the original on 2022-02-19. Retrieved 2022-01-27.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
"Photos of the Most Egregious 'Anti-Homeless' Architecture". www.vice.com. 25 June 2019. Archived from the original on 2022-02-19. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
"15 Examples of 'Anti-Homeless' Hostile Architecture That You Probably Never Noticed Before". interestingengineering.com. 2020-11-22. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
"Vancouver's 'defensive architecture' is hostile to homeless, say critics". Vancouver Is Awesome. 24 June 2019. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
"Activists Pour Concrete on Store's 'Anti-Homeless' Spikes, Win". www.boston.com. Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
Edin, Fredrik (2017). Exkluderande design (in Swedish). Stockholm. p. 21. ISBN 978-91-87777-28-8. OCLC 1045613015. Archived from the original on 2022-02-19. Retrieved 2022-01-27.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

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Edin, Fredrik (2017). Exkluderande design (in Swedish). Stockholm. ISBN 978-91-87777-28-8. OCLC 1045613015. Archived from the original on 2022-02-19. Retrieved 2022-01-27.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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Hu, Winnie (November 8, 2019). "'Hostile Architecture': How Public Spaces Keep the Public Out". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 3, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.

worldcat.org

Edin, Fredrik (2017). Exkluderande design (in Swedish). Stockholm. p. 42. ISBN 978-91-87777-28-8. OCLC 1045613015. Archived from the original on 2022-02-19. Retrieved 2022-01-27.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Edin, Fredrik (2017). Exkluderande design (in Swedish). Stockholm. p. 20. ISBN 978-91-87777-28-8. OCLC 1045613015. Archived from the original on 2022-02-19. Retrieved 2022-01-27.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Edin, Fredrik (2017). Exkluderande design (in Swedish). Stockholm. p. 16. ISBN 978-91-87777-28-8. OCLC 1045613015. Archived from the original on 2022-02-19. Retrieved 2022-01-27.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Edin, Fredrik (2017). Exkluderande design (in Swedish). Stockholm. pp. 23–24. ISBN 978-91-87777-28-8. OCLC 1045613015. Archived from the original on 2022-02-19. Retrieved 2022-01-27.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Dum, Christopher P. (2016). Exiled in America : life on the margins in a residential motel. New York. p. 222. ISBN 978-0-231-54239-5. OCLC 958066095. Archived from the original on 2022-02-19. Retrieved 2022-01-27.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Edin, Fredrik (2017). Exkluderande design (in Swedish). Stockholm. p. 18. ISBN 978-91-87777-28-8. OCLC 1045613015. Archived from the original on 2022-02-19. Retrieved 2022-01-27.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
C., Hurley, David (2002). Closed circuit television : the Cincinnati experience. University of Cincinnati. OCLC 52100550.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Edin, Fredrik (2017). Exkluderande design (in Swedish). Stockholm. p. 21. ISBN 978-91-87777-28-8. OCLC 1045613015. Archived from the original on 2022-02-19. Retrieved 2022-01-27.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Edin, Fredrik (2017). Exkluderande design (in Swedish). Stockholm. ISBN 978-91-87777-28-8. OCLC 1045613015. Archived from the original on 2022-02-19. Retrieved 2022-01-27.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

yalelawjournal.org

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zeit.de

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