Hot chocolate (English Wikipedia)

Zarrillo, Sonia; Gaikwad, Nilesh; Lanaud, Claire; Powis, Terry; Viot, Christopher; Lesur, Isabelle; Fouet, Olivier; Argout, Xavier; Guichoux, Erwan; Salin, Franck; Solorzano, Rey Loor; Bouchez, Olivier; Vignes, Hélène; Severts, Patrick; Hurtado, Julio (October 29, 2018). "The use and domestication of Theobroma cacao during the mid-Holocene in the upper Amazon". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2 (12): 1879–1888. Bibcode:2018NatEE...2.1879Z. doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0697-x. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 30374172. S2CID 53099825. Archived from the original on March 9, 2023. Retrieved January 29, 2024.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Earley, Diane (2001). The Official M&M's History of Chocolate. Charlesbridge Publishing. ISBN 1-57091-448-6.

bankofengland.co.uk (Global: 3,707^th place; English: 1,947^th place)

"Inflation". Bank of England. 2017. Retrieved December 13, 2017.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Ehmer, Kersten; Hindermann, Beate (2015). The School of Sophisticated Drinking: An Intoxicating History of Seven Spirits. Greystone Books. p. 32. ISBN 9781771641197.
Polistico, Edgie (2017). Philippine Food, Cooking, & Dining Dictionary. Anvil Publishing, Incorporated. ISBN 9786214200870.^{[permanent dead link]}

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Hot chocolate". Britannica Dictionary. Retrieved September 7, 2025.

cadbury.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Chocolate Houses". Cadbury Trebor Bassett. 2008. Archived from the original on October 28, 2007. Retrieved June 27, 2008.

chicagotribune.com (Global: 143^rd place; English: 80^th place)

archives.chicagotribune.com

Johnson, Dorothy (December 6, 1942). "Hot Chocolate is Historical Mexican Drink". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved July 15, 2017.

chocolate.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Pearce, David (2008). "Cacao and Chocolate Timeline". David Pearce. Archived from the original on February 19, 2005. Retrieved June 27, 2008.

chocolateapprentice.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Jim Spadaccini (2008). "quote from "The Sweet Lure of Chocolate"". Chocolate Apprentice. Archived from the original on February 14, 2026. Retrieved February 14, 2026.

dailytrust.com.ng (Global: low place; English: 9,084^th place)

Kperogi, Farooq (January 26, 2014). "Q and A on the grammar of food, usage and Nigerian English". Daily Trust. Archived from the original on February 23, 2017. Retrieved February 23, 2017. We call everything we drink in the morning "tea" even if it's not.[...]"Daddy, why do Nigerians call hot cocoa 'tea'?" she asked me.

differencebetween.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Difference Between Mocha and Coffee | Difference Between | Mocha vs Coffee". January 11, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2019.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Zarrillo, Sonia; Gaikwad, Nilesh; Lanaud, Claire; Powis, Terry; Viot, Christopher; Lesur, Isabelle; Fouet, Olivier; Argout, Xavier; Guichoux, Erwan; Salin, Franck; Solorzano, Rey Loor; Bouchez, Olivier; Vignes, Hélène; Severts, Patrick; Hurtado, Julio (October 29, 2018). "The use and domestication of Theobroma cacao during the mid-Holocene in the upper Amazon". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2 (12): 1879–1888. Bibcode:2018NatEE...2.1879Z. doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0697-x. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 30374172. S2CID 53099825. Archived from the original on March 9, 2023. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
Lanaud, Claire; Vignes, Hélène; Utge, José; et al. (March 7, 2024). "A revisited history of cacao domestication in pre-Columbian times revealed by archaeogenomic approaches". Scientific Reports. 14 (1): 2. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-53010-6.
Henderson, John S; Joyce, Rosemary A; Hall, Gretchen R; Hurst, W Jeffrey; McGovern, Patrick E (November 2007). "Chemical and archaeological evidence for the earliest cacao beverages". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (48): 18937. doi:10.1073/pnas.0708815104. PMC 2141886.
"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.
Baggott, MJ; Childs, E; Hart, AB; de Bruin, E; Palmer, AA; Wilkinson, JE; de Wit, H (July 2013). "Psychopharmacology of theobromine in healthy volunteers". Psychopharmacology. 228 (1): 109–18. doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3021-0. PMC 3672386. PMID 23420115.
Dillinger, Teresa L.; Barriga, Patricia; Escárcega, Sylvia; Jimenez, Martha; Lowe, Diana Salazar; Grivetti, Louis E. (August 1, 2000). "Food of the Gods: Cure for Humanity? A Cultural History of the Medicinal and Ritual Use of Chocolate". The Journal of Nutrition. 130 (8): 2057S–2072S. doi:10.1093/jn/130.8.2057S. ISSN 0022-3166. PMID 10917925.

exclusivebrandstorino.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Exclusive Brand Torino. "THE HISTORY OF CHOCOLATE IN TURIN". Exclusive Brand Torino. Archived from the original on May 21, 2022. Retrieved January 20, 2022.

fda.gov (Global: 470^th place; English: 329^th place)

United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved March 28, 2024.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

Green, Matthew (March 11, 2017). "How the decadence and depravity of London's 18th century elite was fuelled by hot chocolate". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved July 15, 2017.

history.com (Global: 852^nd place; English: 715^th place)

Christopher Klein (June 30, 2025). "Chocolate's Sweet History: From Elite Treat to Masses". HISTORY and A+E Global Media. Archived from the original on March 24, 2026. Retrieved March 24, 2026.

middleboro.k12.ma.us (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Chocolate History". Middleborough Public Schools. 2008. Archived from the original on July 2, 2008. Retrieved June 26, 2008.

msn.com (Global: 188^th place; English: 215^th place)

msnbc.msn.com

Rosengarten, David (January 6, 2004). "Hot chocolate like you've never tasted before". TODAY. Archived from the original on April 12, 2004. Retrieved December 20, 2009.

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 489^th place; English: 425^th place)

news.nationalgeographic.com

Trivedi, Bijal (July 17, 2012). "Ancient Chocolate Found in Maya "Teapot"". National Geographic. Archived from the original on July 20, 2002. Retrieved July 15, 2017.

travel.nationalgeographic.com

Hall, Christopher (November–December 2010). "Where to Find the Best Hot Chocolate and Churros in Spain". National Geographic Traveler. Archived from the original on October 3, 2011. Retrieved July 9, 2017.

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; English: 347^th place)

Zarrillo, Sonia; Gaikwad, Nilesh; Lanaud, Claire; Powis, Terry; Viot, Christopher; Lesur, Isabelle; Fouet, Olivier; Argout, Xavier; Guichoux, Erwan; Salin, Franck; Solorzano, Rey Loor; Bouchez, Olivier; Vignes, Hélène; Severts, Patrick; Hurtado, Julio (October 29, 2018). "The use and domestication of Theobroma cacao during the mid-Holocene in the upper Amazon". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2 (12): 1879–1888. Bibcode:2018NatEE...2.1879Z. doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0697-x. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 30374172. S2CID 53099825. Archived from the original on March 9, 2023. Retrieved January 29, 2024.

nhm.ac.uk (Global: 416^th place; English: 865^th place)

"About Sir Hans Sloane". The Natural History Museum. Retrieved October 3, 2015.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Zarrillo, Sonia; Gaikwad, Nilesh; Lanaud, Claire; Powis, Terry; Viot, Christopher; Lesur, Isabelle; Fouet, Olivier; Argout, Xavier; Guichoux, Erwan; Salin, Franck; Solorzano, Rey Loor; Bouchez, Olivier; Vignes, Hélène; Severts, Patrick; Hurtado, Julio (October 29, 2018). "The use and domestication of Theobroma cacao during the mid-Holocene in the upper Amazon". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2 (12): 1879–1888. Bibcode:2018NatEE...2.1879Z. doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0697-x. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 30374172. S2CID 53099825. Archived from the original on March 9, 2023. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.
Baggott, MJ; Childs, E; Hart, AB; de Bruin, E; Palmer, AA; Wilkinson, JE; de Wit, H (July 2013). "Psychopharmacology of theobromine in healthy volunteers". Psychopharmacology. 228 (1): 109–18. doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3021-0. PMC 3672386. PMID 23420115.
Dillinger, Teresa L.; Barriga, Patricia; Escárcega, Sylvia; Jimenez, Martha; Lowe, Diana Salazar; Grivetti, Louis E. (August 1, 2000). "Food of the Gods: Cure for Humanity? A Cultural History of the Medicinal and Ritual Use of Chocolate". The Journal of Nutrition. 130 (8): 2057S–2072S. doi:10.1093/jn/130.8.2057S. ISSN 0022-3166. PMID 10917925.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Henderson, John S; Joyce, Rosemary A; Hall, Gretchen R; Hurst, W Jeffrey; McGovern, Patrick E (November 2007). "Chemical and archaeological evidence for the earliest cacao beverages". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (48): 18937. doi:10.1073/pnas.0708815104. PMC 2141886.
"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.
Baggott, MJ; Childs, E; Hart, AB; de Bruin, E; Palmer, AA; Wilkinson, JE; de Wit, H (July 2013). "Psychopharmacology of theobromine in healthy volunteers". Psychopharmacology. 228 (1): 109–18. doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3021-0. PMC 3672386. PMID 23420115.

rischmoller.wordpress.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The curious Peruvian tradition of drinking hot chocolate and paneton in summer". Rischmoller Real Estate. November 30, 2012. Retrieved July 9, 2017.

sciencedaily.com (Global: 1,390^th place; English: 1,286^th place)

"Hot Cocoa Tops Red Wine And Tea In Antioxidants; May Be Healthier Choice". Science Daily. November 6, 2003. Retrieved June 26, 2008.

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 146^th place)

Dillinger, Teresa L.; Barriga, Patricia; Escárcega, Sylvia; Jimenez, Martha; Lowe, Diana Salazar; Grivetti, Louis E. (August 1, 2000). "Food of the Gods: Cure for Humanity? A Cultural History of the Medicinal and Ritual Use of Chocolate". The Journal of Nutrition. 130 (8): 2057S–2072S. doi:10.1093/jn/130.8.2057S. ISSN 0022-3166. PMID 10917925.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Zarrillo, Sonia; Gaikwad, Nilesh; Lanaud, Claire; Powis, Terry; Viot, Christopher; Lesur, Isabelle; Fouet, Olivier; Argout, Xavier; Guichoux, Erwan; Salin, Franck; Solorzano, Rey Loor; Bouchez, Olivier; Vignes, Hélène; Severts, Patrick; Hurtado, Julio (October 29, 2018). "The use and domestication of Theobroma cacao during the mid-Holocene in the upper Amazon". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2 (12): 1879–1888. Bibcode:2018NatEE...2.1879Z. doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0697-x. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 30374172. S2CID 53099825. Archived from the original on March 9, 2023. Retrieved January 29, 2024.

seriouseats.com (Global: 6,774^th place; English: 4,092^nd place)

Poncelin, Pamela. "Culinary Ambassadors: Breakfast in France". Serious Eats. Archived from the original on July 9, 2017. Retrieved July 10, 2017.

statssheet.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Craddock, Darren. "Why Hot Cocoa Is Healthier Than Hot Chocolate". Archived from the original on January 22, 2009. Retrieved June 26, 2008.

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 40^th place; English: 27^th place)

Green, Matthew (March 11, 2017). "How the decadence and depravity of London's 18th century elite was fuelled by hot chocolate". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved July 15, 2017.

thedailymeal.com (Global: low place; English: 9,006^th place)

Bakshani, Nikkitha (March 4, 2015). "Colombian Hot Chocolate: Just Add Cheese". The Daily Meal. Retrieved July 9, 2017.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

Sciscenti, Mark J. (February 7, 2015). "Why We Drink Hot Chocolate in the Winter". The Guardian. Retrieved February 17, 2015.

thelatinkitchen.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Moncayo, Jennifer (January 28, 2013). "Mexican Chocolate: A Short History & Recipe". The Latin Kitchen. Archived from the original on August 21, 2017. Retrieved July 15, 2017.

thelittleepicurean.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Cabrera, Maryanne (January 27, 2018). "sokolate (Filipino Hot Chocolate)". The Little Epicurean. Retrieved December 13, 2018.

thenibble.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

The Nibble (2005–2008). "Some Like It Hot: Hot Chocolate & Hot Cocoa Mixes: An Overview". Lifestyle Direct, Inc. Retrieved July 15, 2008.

thespruce.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

McGavin, Jennifer (April 4, 2017). "Kakao oder Heisse Schokolade". the spruce. Archived from the original on September 30, 2017. Retrieved July 9, 2017.

thespruceeats.com (Global: 8,131^st place; English: 6,482^nd place)

Paajanen, Sean (February 6, 2019). "An Abridged History of Hot Chocolate: Its Changes Over the Years". The Spruce Eats.

usatoday.com (Global: 55^th place; English: 36^th place)

Billet, Felisa (October 23, 2009). "Warming up to real hot chocolate". USA TODAY. Retrieved December 20, 2009.

vam.ac.uk (Global: 2,722^nd place; English: 1,630^th place)

"Silver Chocolate Pot". Metalwork. Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved August 18, 2007.

vivatravelguides.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Hot Chocolate in Latin America". Viva Travel Guides. Retrieved July 9, 2017.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Zarrillo, Sonia; Gaikwad, Nilesh; Lanaud, Claire; Powis, Terry; Viot, Christopher; Lesur, Isabelle; Fouet, Olivier; Argout, Xavier; Guichoux, Erwan; Salin, Franck; Solorzano, Rey Loor; Bouchez, Olivier; Vignes, Hélène; Severts, Patrick; Hurtado, Julio (October 29, 2018). "The use and domestication of Theobroma cacao during the mid-Holocene in the upper Amazon". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2 (12): 1879–1888. Bibcode:2018NatEE...2.1879Z. doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0697-x. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 30374172. S2CID 53099825. Archived from the original on March 9, 2023. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
Trivedi, Bijal (July 17, 2012). "Ancient Chocolate Found in Maya "Teapot"". National Geographic. Archived from the original on July 20, 2002. Retrieved July 15, 2017.
Craddock, Darren. "Why Hot Cocoa Is Healthier Than Hot Chocolate". Archived from the original on January 22, 2009. Retrieved June 26, 2008.
Jim Spadaccini (2008). "quote from "The Sweet Lure of Chocolate"". Chocolate Apprentice. Archived from the original on February 14, 2026. Retrieved February 14, 2026.
Pearce, David (2008). "Cacao and Chocolate Timeline". David Pearce. Archived from the original on February 19, 2005. Retrieved June 27, 2008.
"Chocolate Houses". Cadbury Trebor Bassett. 2008. Archived from the original on October 28, 2007. Retrieved June 27, 2008.
"Chocolate History". Middleborough Public Schools. 2008. Archived from the original on July 2, 2008. Retrieved June 26, 2008.
Christopher Klein (June 30, 2025). "Chocolate's Sweet History: From Elite Treat to Masses". HISTORY and A+E Global Media. Archived from the original on March 24, 2026. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
Exclusive Brand Torino. "THE HISTORY OF CHOCOLATE IN TURIN". Exclusive Brand Torino. Archived from the original on May 21, 2022. Retrieved January 20, 2022.
United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved March 28, 2024.
McGavin, Jennifer (April 4, 2017). "Kakao oder Heisse Schokolade". the spruce. Archived from the original on September 30, 2017. Retrieved July 9, 2017.
Hall, Christopher (November–December 2010). "Where to Find the Best Hot Chocolate and Churros in Spain". National Geographic Traveler. Archived from the original on October 3, 2011. Retrieved July 9, 2017.
Poncelin, Pamela. "Culinary Ambassadors: Breakfast in France". Serious Eats. Archived from the original on July 9, 2017. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
Rosengarten, David (January 6, 2004). "Hot chocolate like you've never tasted before". TODAY. Archived from the original on April 12, 2004. Retrieved December 20, 2009.
Moncayo, Jennifer (January 28, 2013). "Mexican Chocolate: A Short History & Recipe". The Latin Kitchen. Archived from the original on August 21, 2017. Retrieved July 15, 2017.
Kperogi, Farooq (January 26, 2014). "Q and A on the grammar of food, usage and Nigerian English". Daily Trust. Archived from the original on February 23, 2017. Retrieved February 23, 2017. We call everything we drink in the morning "tea" even if it's not.[...]"Daddy, why do Nigerians call hot cocoa 'tea'?" she asked me.

whatscookingamerica.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Stradley, Linda (2004). "Rediscover True Hot Chocolate – History of Hot Chocolate". What's Cooking America. Retrieved June 27, 2008.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Zarrillo, Sonia; Gaikwad, Nilesh; Lanaud, Claire; Powis, Terry; Viot, Christopher; Lesur, Isabelle; Fouet, Olivier; Argout, Xavier; Guichoux, Erwan; Salin, Franck; Solorzano, Rey Loor; Bouchez, Olivier; Vignes, Hélène; Severts, Patrick; Hurtado, Julio (October 29, 2018). "The use and domestication of Theobroma cacao during the mid-Holocene in the upper Amazon". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2 (12): 1879–1888. Bibcode:2018NatEE...2.1879Z. doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0697-x. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 30374172. S2CID 53099825. Archived from the original on March 9, 2023. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
Dillinger, Teresa L.; Barriga, Patricia; Escárcega, Sylvia; Jimenez, Martha; Lowe, Diana Salazar; Grivetti, Louis E. (August 1, 2000). "Food of the Gods: Cure for Humanity? A Cultural History of the Medicinal and Ritual Use of Chocolate". The Journal of Nutrition. 130 (8): 2057S–2072S. doi:10.1093/jn/130.8.2057S. ISSN 0022-3166. PMID 10917925.

Hot chocolate (English Wikipedia)

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