Hottentot (racial term) (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Hottentot (racial term)" in English language version.

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archive.org

"A very large number of different etymologies for the name have been suggested ... The most frequently repeated suggestion ... is that the word was a spec. use of a formally identical Dutch word meaning ‘stammerer, stutterer’, which came to be applied to the Khoekhoe and San people on account of the clicks characteristic of their languages. However, evidence for the earlier general use appears to be lacking. Another frequent suggestion is that the people were so named after one or more words which early European visitors to southern Africa heard in chants accompanying dances of the Khoekhoe or San ... but the alleged chant is rendered in different ways in different 17th-cent. sources, and some of the accounts may be based on hearsay rather than first-hand knowledge. "Hottentot, n. and adj." OED Online, Oxford University Press, March 2018, www.oed.com/view/Entry/88829. Accessed 13 May 2018. Citing G. S. Nienaber, 'The origin of the name “Hottentot” ', African Studies, 22:2 (1963), 65-90, doi:10.1080/00020186308707174. See also Rev. Prof Johannes Du Plessis, B.A., B.D. (1917). "Report of the South African Association for the Advancement of Science". pp. 189–193. Retrieved 5 July 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link).
Murdock, George Peter (1981). Atlas of World Cultures. University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 10. ISBN 9780822984856.
Robert Hendrickson, The Dictionary of Eponyms: Names that Became Words (New York: Stein and Day, 1985 [repr. from Philadelphia: Chilton, 1972]), p. 149.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

Richard Elphick, Khoikhoi and the Founding of White South Africa (Cape of Good Hope: Ravan Press, 1985), p. xv: 'The word Hottentot is occasionally heard even in the 1980s, but few outside South Africa know its precise meaning'. "Bring Back the 'Hottentot Venus'". Web.mit.edu. 15 June 1995. Retrieved 13 August 2012.; "'Hottentot Venus' goes home". BBC News. 29 April 2002. Retrieved 13 August 2017.: "the Khoisan tribe of hunter-gatherers who lived in the southernmost tip of Africa and were also known as Hottentots, which is now considered a derogatory and offensive term." Strobel, Christoph (2008). "A Note on Terminology". The Testing Grounds of Modern Empire: The Making of Colonial Racial Order in the American Ohio Country and the South African Eastern Cape, 1770s–1850s. Peter Lang. ISBN 9781433101236. p. x.

bnf.fr

gallica.bnf.fr

Anonymous [F. Bernier], "Nouvelle division de la terre par les différentes espèces ou races qui l'habitent", Journal des Sçavants, 24 April 1684, p. 133–140. les Noirs du Cap de bonne Esperance semblent estre d'une autre espece que ceux du reste de l'Afrique. (p. 136). See also Charles Frankel, La science face au racisme (1986), 41f.

books.google.com

Anonymous [F. Bernier], "Nouvelle division de la terre par les différentes espèces ou races qui l'habitent", Journal des Sçavants, 24 April 1684, p. 133–140. les Noirs du Cap de bonne Esperance semblent estre d'une autre espece que ceux du reste de l'Afrique. (p. 136). See also Charles Frankel, La science face au racisme (1986), 41f.
Richard Elphick, Khoikhoi and the Founding of White South Africa (Cape of Good Hope: Ravan Press, 1985), p. xv: 'The word Hottentot is occasionally heard even in the 1980s, but few outside South Africa know its precise meaning'. "Bring Back the 'Hottentot Venus'". Web.mit.edu. 15 June 1995. Retrieved 13 August 2012.; "'Hottentot Venus' goes home". BBC News. 29 April 2002. Retrieved 13 August 2017.: "the Khoisan tribe of hunter-gatherers who lived in the southernmost tip of Africa and were also known as Hottentots, which is now considered a derogatory and offensive term." Strobel, Christoph (2008). "A Note on Terminology". The Testing Grounds of Modern Empire: The Making of Colonial Racial Order in the American Ohio Country and the South African Eastern Cape, 1770s–1850s. Peter Lang. ISBN 9781433101236. p. x.
S. Qureshi, Displaying Sara Baartman, the 'Hottentot Venus' (2004), p.234. James Kicherer (1799): "Bushmen were ' total strangers to domestic happiness …(and) will kill their children without remorse as when they are ill-shaped, when they are in want of food, when the father of a child has forsaken its mother, or when obliged to flee from the Farmers or others… There are instances of parents throwing their tender off-spring to the hungry Lion … Many of these wild Hottentots live by plunder and murder, and are guilty of the most horrid and atrocious actions.' "[1]

dfa.gov.za

"Statement on Cabinet Meeting of 5 March 2008". South African Department of Foreign Affairs. 2008-03-05. Retrieved 2008-10-26.: "We should take care not to use derogatory words that were used to demean black persons in this country. Words such as Kaffir, coolie, Boesman, hotnot and many others have negative connotations and remain offensive as they were used to degrade, undermine and strip South Africans of their humanity and dignity."

doi.org

"A very large number of different etymologies for the name have been suggested ... The most frequently repeated suggestion ... is that the word was a spec. use of a formally identical Dutch word meaning ‘stammerer, stutterer’, which came to be applied to the Khoekhoe and San people on account of the clicks characteristic of their languages. However, evidence for the earlier general use appears to be lacking. Another frequent suggestion is that the people were so named after one or more words which early European visitors to southern Africa heard in chants accompanying dances of the Khoekhoe or San ... but the alleged chant is rendered in different ways in different 17th-cent. sources, and some of the accounts may be based on hearsay rather than first-hand knowledge. "Hottentot, n. and adj." OED Online, Oxford University Press, March 2018, www.oed.com/view/Entry/88829. Accessed 13 May 2018. Citing G. S. Nienaber, 'The origin of the name “Hottentot” ', African Studies, 22:2 (1963), 65-90, doi:10.1080/00020186308707174. See also Rev. Prof Johannes Du Plessis, B.A., B.D. (1917). "Report of the South African Association for the Advancement of Science". pp. 189–193. Retrieved 5 July 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link).
Jochen S. Arndt, 'What’s in a Word? Historicising the Term ‘Caffre’ in European Discourses about Southern Africa between 1500 and 1800', Journal of Southern African Studies (2017), 1-17. doi:10.1080/03057070.2018.1403212.
Linda Evi Merians, Envisioning the Worst: Representations of "Hottentots" in Early-modern England (Newark: University of Delaware Press, 2001); Nicholas Hudson, ' "Hottentots" and the evolution of European racism", Journal of European Studies, 34.4 (December 2004), 308-32, doi:10.1177/0047244104048701; David Johnson, 'Representing the Cape "Hottentots", from the French Enlightenment to Post-Apartheid South Africa', Eighteenth-Century Studies, 40.4 (Summer 2007), 525-52. https://www.jstor.org/stable/30053727.

enca.com

"Khoisan" is an artificial compound term that was introduced into 20th-century ethnology, but since the late 1990s it has been adopted as a self designation (since 2017 its use has been official due to the passage of a "Traditional & Khoisan Leadership Bill" by the South African National Assembly. Khoisan march to Parliament to demand land rights, ENCA , 3 December 2015. Pelane Phakgadi, Ramaphosa meets aggrieved Khoisan activists at Union Buildings, Eyewitness News, 24 December 2017. Illegitimate Khoisan leaders are trying to exploit new bill, IOL, 17 April 2018.

ewn.co.za

"Khoisan" is an artificial compound term that was introduced into 20th-century ethnology, but since the late 1990s it has been adopted as a self designation (since 2017 its use has been official due to the passage of a "Traditional & Khoisan Leadership Bill" by the South African National Assembly. Khoisan march to Parliament to demand land rights, ENCA , 3 December 2015. Pelane Phakgadi, Ramaphosa meets aggrieved Khoisan activists at Union Buildings, Eyewitness News, 24 December 2017. Illegitimate Khoisan leaders are trying to exploit new bill, IOL, 17 April 2018.

iol.co.za

"Khoisan" is an artificial compound term that was introduced into 20th-century ethnology, but since the late 1990s it has been adopted as a self designation (since 2017 its use has been official due to the passage of a "Traditional & Khoisan Leadership Bill" by the South African National Assembly. Khoisan march to Parliament to demand land rights, ENCA , 3 December 2015. Pelane Phakgadi, Ramaphosa meets aggrieved Khoisan activists at Union Buildings, Eyewitness News, 24 December 2017. Illegitimate Khoisan leaders are trying to exploit new bill, IOL, 17 April 2018.

jstor.org

Linda Evi Merians, Envisioning the Worst: Representations of "Hottentots" in Early-modern England (Newark: University of Delaware Press, 2001); Nicholas Hudson, ' "Hottentots" and the evolution of European racism", Journal of European Studies, 34.4 (December 2004), 308-32, doi:10.1177/0047244104048701; David Johnson, 'Representing the Cape "Hottentots", from the French Enlightenment to Post-Apartheid South Africa', Eighteenth-Century Studies, 40.4 (Summer 2007), 525-52. https://www.jstor.org/stable/30053727.

khoisan.org

S. Qureshi, Displaying Sara Baartman, the 'Hottentot Venus' (2004), p.234. James Kicherer (1799): "Bushmen were ' total strangers to domestic happiness …(and) will kill their children without remorse as when they are ill-shaped, when they are in want of food, when the father of a child has forsaken its mother, or when obliged to flee from the Farmers or others… There are instances of parents throwing their tender off-spring to the hungry Lion … Many of these wild Hottentots live by plunder and murder, and are guilty of the most horrid and atrocious actions.' "[1]

mit.edu

web.mit.edu

Richard Elphick, Khoikhoi and the Founding of White South Africa (Cape of Good Hope: Ravan Press, 1985), p. xv: 'The word Hottentot is occasionally heard even in the 1980s, but few outside South Africa know its precise meaning'. "Bring Back the 'Hottentot Venus'". Web.mit.edu. 15 June 1995. Retrieved 13 August 2012.; "'Hottentot Venus' goes home". BBC News. 29 April 2002. Retrieved 13 August 2017.: "the Khoisan tribe of hunter-gatherers who lived in the southernmost tip of Africa and were also known as Hottentots, which is now considered a derogatory and offensive term." Strobel, Christoph (2008). "A Note on Terminology". The Testing Grounds of Modern Empire: The Making of Colonial Racial Order in the American Ohio Country and the South African Eastern Cape, 1770s–1850s. Peter Lang. ISBN 9781433101236. p. x.

oapen.org

Alan Barnard, Anthropology and the Bushman (Oxford: Berg, 2007), pp. 11-21.

theguardian.com

'Mary Poppins’ UK age rating raised to PG due to discriminatory language', The Guardian

uct.ac.za

open.uct.ac.za

Rourke, John Patrick (1970). Taxonomic Studies on Leucospermum R.Br. (PDF). pp. 103–107.